First, an important hazard factor for the onset of hypertension
1. High sodium, low potassium diet
2. Overweight and obesity
3. Excessive alcohol consumption
4. Long-term mental tension
5. Lack of physical exercise
6. High blood sugar, high blood lipids
7. With the increase of age, the risk increases
Second, the diagnostic criteria for hypertension
1. Definition of hypertension: in the absence of antihypertensive drugs, the blood pressure in the clinic is measured 3 times a day: systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90mmHg
Grade 2. Grade 1 hypertension (mild): systolic blood pressure 140-159 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure 90-99 mmHg
Grade 3 and Grade 2 hypertension (moderate): systolic blood pressure 160-179 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure 100-109 mmHg
Grade 4 and 3 hypertension (severe): systolic blood pressure ≥ 180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mmHg
Third, the treatment goal of hypertension
1. Antihypertensive target: general hypertension patients should be reduced to <140 /90mmHg; patients who can tolerate it can be further reduced to <130/80mmHg
2. Fundamental goal: to reduce the overall risk of cardio-cerebral and renal and vascular complications and death.
3. Timing of antihypertensive drug treatment: on the basis of improving lifestyle, blood pressure still exceeds 140/90mmHg
Fourth, the lifestyle of hypertension
1. Reduce cooking salt and condiments with high sodium content (including monosodium glutamate and soy sauce)
2. Avoid or reduce pickles, ham, all kinds of stir-fried goods and pickled products
3. Increase the intake of potassium-rich foods (fresh vegetables, fruits and legumes).
4. The diet is mainly based on fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, whole grains rich in edible fiber, and protein of plant origin, reducing saturated fat and cholesterol intake.
5. Non-smoking
6, limit alcohol consumption, liquor, wine, beer intake is less than 50ml, 100ml, 300ml, it is recommended not to drink alcohol
7, increase exercise, 4-7 days a week, a total of 30-60 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per day (such as walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, etc.)
8. Reduce mental stress and maintain psychological balance
Fifth, drug treatment of hypertension
1. Starting dose: General patients use conventional doses; the elderly and elderly people should usually use smaller effective treatment doses for initial treatment.
2. Give priority to the use of long-acting antihypertensive drugs to effectively control 24-hour blood pressure, which can more effectively prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications.
3. Commonly used antihypertensive drug classification
(1) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI): commonly used drugs include benazepril, captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, etc.;
(2) Angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARB): commonly used drugs are valsartan, losartan, telmisartan, irbesartan, candesartan, etc.;
(3) Diuretics: commonly used drugs are hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, spironolactone, indapamide, etc.;
(4) β receptor blockers: commonly used drugs are metoprolol, bisoprolol, sotalol, arollol, labetalol, etc.;
(5) Calcium antagonists (CCB): Commonly used drugs are nifedipine, amlodipine, felodipine, diltiazem, verapamil, etc.
4. Other types of antihypertensive drugs are:
(1) α receptor blockers: commonly used doxazosin, telazosin, piperazosin, etc.;
(2) Compound preparations: such as telmisartan hydrochlorothiazide, losartan potassium hydrochlorothiazide, compound antihypertensive tablets, etc.;
(3) Central antihypertensive drugs: such as clonidine, methyldopa, etc.;
(4) Direct vasodilators: such as minoxidil, hydralazine, etc.;
(5) Proprietary Chinese medicine: such as Zhenju antihypertensive tablets, etc.
Sixth, adverse reactions of antihypertensive drugs
1. The common side effects of drugs called "XX dipen" are ankle edema and gingival hyperplasia.
2. Raising the feet and maintaining oral hygiene can alleviate the above side effects.
3, called "XX puly" medicine, the common side effect is dry cough.
4. Those with severe intolerant dry cough can be replaced by "sartan" drugs.
5. The drug called "XX satan" has common side effects of causing back pain and joint pain.
6. When one kind of sartan has skeletal muscle pain, another sartan can be tried.
7. The common side effects of drugs called "XX lore" are slowing down the heartbeat and stopping the drug and jumping back.
8. Patients using such drugs can monitor the heart rate, adjust the dosage, and gradually reduce the dose under the guidance of the doctor if the drug is discontinued.
9. The common side effects of these antihypertensive drugs are basically some controllable symptoms of discomfort, and there is no "eating the body bad" as everyone thinks.