During the Republic of China period, there were many celebrities who lived in Qingdao, and the best of them were "three Hanlin, two people and one saint". Speaking of these two people alone, one of them is the old man Zhang Gongzhi who saved the urban area of Qingdao from the fate of bombing, and the other is Chen Weisheng, whose calligraphy is the best at the time, and may not be famous in Qingdao, but he is a famous person in the old city of Weixian County.
Chen Weisheng was born in the Chen family of Weixian County, the family was established by books and eunuchs, and there were 53 people in the Ming and Qing dynasties, including 19 jinshi, and Chen Weisheng was the last jinshi. Today, let's talk about the story of Chen Weisheng, the last Weixian jinshi.
<h1>Born into a family of calligraphers, he has a profound calligraphy attainment</h1>
Chen Yisheng (1864-1945), also known as Heyi (鹤侪), also known as Hezhai (和斋), was a famous calligrapher of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, whose ancestral home was Wei county, Shandong (now Weifang, Shandong), and the county seat of Hujia Paifang. In the seventeenth year of Qing Guangxu (1891), he was raised, and in the thirtieth year of Guangxu (1904), he was promoted to the priesthood of the imperial court. In the third year of Xuanun (1911), the Qing court decided on a new official system, the Ceremonial Department was changed to the Ceremony Academy, and Chen Weisheng was appointed as the chief of the Enchuang Pension Section.
In the early years of the Republic of China, Chen Weisheng moved to Anqiu, and was later hired as a private school teacher by Ding Xingfu, the richest man in Weicheng, ding Xingfu, the owner of Weifang Shiwat Garden, and Ding Xitian (1893-1941), a scholar, educator and bibliophile of Weifang, was his student. In the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931), Weixian established the County Chronicle Bureau, and Chen Weisheng was hired as the chief compiler of the Weixian Chronicle. In January 1938, the Japanese army invaded Weicheng, and the county zhi was forced to stop publishing only a few volumes after it was paid.
Chen Wei's most commendable place is his calligraphy achievements, Chen has loved calligraphy since childhood, especially good at European calligraphy, copying the "Daoyin Master Monument" has a lot of experience, and gradually formed a unique style of calligraphy. Weifang Museum still has a collection of fan-faced works.
<h1>The twelfth grandson had divine help in doing business</h1>
The Chen family of Weixian originated from the Chen Daguan clan that moved here directly under Cangzhou. Chen Daguan, in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, settled in Beimen Street, the old city of Weixian County, and by the time of the seventh generation of Chen Tan and Chen Shen brothers, it was divided into two roads, Shang Jia Keju, and Chen Tan started as a businessman and provided his younger brother Chen Shen with study. In the thirteenth year of Ming Jiajing (1534), Chen Shenzhongju, seven years later, was a zhongjinshi, who was first awarded the order of Hongdong County in Shanxi, and the Weixian Chronicle records that when he was in office, he "maintained integrity, loved the people and prudent punishment, and did not approach the arrogance", and his political reputation was excellent, and he was reappointed to the imperial court, but unfortunately he died of illness before he took office. Since then, the Chen family has continued to make a career and gradually become a family of eunuchs.
In the north of Huangmiao Street in Weixian County, there is a small street called "Golden Alley", which originates from Chen Shangzhi, the twelfth grandson of the Chen family. Chen Shangzhi has been thick since childhood, because his family is poor, he had to abandon his studies and do business, and they all said that "no adultery and no business", Chen Shangzhi was generous, did not care about small profits, and was disliked by people in partnership, and quickly withdrew his investment and scattered.
However, the Heavenly Dao rewarded diligence, and there was no more than ten years, Chen Shangzhi insisted on his ambitions, and actually became the rich party of Weixian County, and regarding his wealth sutra, the Weixian scholar Song Shusheng wrote, "Although (Chen Shangzhi) is not scheming, the trade is profitable, as if there are gods secretly blessed." It seems that Chen Shangzhi's origins must have its own reason, but it is an exaggeration to attribute it to Shenyou.
<h1>To get rich, do not forget the township people called "Golden Alley"</h1>
Whether or not, Chen Shangzhi's management is indeed bright and sound, blameless. It is said that once a villager went to the Chen family shop to buy, the silver exchanged was two loose silver pieces of insufficient color, the guys in the store did not want to sell, Chen Shangzhi saw that the villagers were not easy, and still delivered the goods according to the full silver.
There is a Lai Han in Weixian County, who is lazy and lazy, pits and abductions, and even goes to chen shops to stir up trouble. Once Chen Shangzhi saw him on the street, called him aside to explain the reasoning, talked about "the eldest husband standing in the world, when there is a deed", and offered to fund Lai Hanyin as a family support. Lai Han was inexhaustible and changed from evil to righteousness.
According to Qianlong's twenty-five years of "Weifang Zhi, Volume II", in the third year of Qianlong County, Lai Guangbiao advocated the construction of the Xuegong Palace and Wenchang Ancestral Hall in the local area, and presided over the construction of the Great River Stone Bridge to communicate the Weixian to Changle Road, Chen Shangzhi responded to the call, donated the most, and the county ordered Lai Guangbiao to specially inscribe the "Gong chong School" plaque as a gift, hanging at the gate of the Chen family. In the eleventh year of Qianlong, Zheng Banqiao, the eight monsters of Yangzhou, succeeded Weixian Zhixian and called for donations to repair the walls of the old city of Weixian County, Chen Shangzhi once again took the lead in generous donations, and Zheng Banqiao, feeling his righteous deeds, wrote a monument for Chen Shangzhi.
When Chen Shangzhi was old, he built the "Kai Qing Xuan" on the east side of the old house to raise his life, and the villagers named the small street of Linxuan "Golden Alley" in honor of Chen Jia Ende, and the story of good deeds is still praised.
<h1>Chen Weisheng and Shen Junru were the same as the jinshi</h1>
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the last jinshi in Weixian County, Chen Weisheng, was the eighteenth grandson of the xiangxian Chen Shangzhi clan. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a rule of succession within the clan, and when the heirs in the clan were thin, the only son in the family could become the co-heir of two or more rooms in the branch at the same time, called "concurrently". Chen Weisheng was born as an heir to his clan as a concubine from an early age.
In the seventeenth year of Qing Guangxu (1891), Chen Weisheng studied Zhongju, and four years later obtained the qualification of candidate for Zhixian County, and in the thirtieth year of Qing Guangxu (1904), before the Qing court abolished the imperial examination, he had the honor of becoming one of the last two jinshi in Weixian County. Although it is the last subject, there are many influential figures in history, such as Shen Junru, an important founder of the Chinese Democratic League and the first president of the Supreme People's Court of New China, and Tan Yanmin, chairman of the National Government and president of the Executive Yuan in Nanjing.
<h1>He has written a history of self-discipline for the official Qingfeng</h1>
Chen Weisheng was walked by the priest of the Ceremonial Temple, a member of the Baosheng Ceremonial Department, and after the declaration of reunification, he was changed to the chief of the Grace And Compassion Section of the Ceremony Temple, with an official rank of five pins. After serving in Beijing for seven years, the imperial court repeatedly evaluated his performance and entrusted the handling of royal ceremonial affairs, including scientific expeditions, ceremonies, jingfu, and even the two palaces at the end of the Qing Dynasty. During his tenure, he was even more incorruptible and self-guarding, and after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, he returned to Anqiu, and his belongings were only "paved with a shoulder", and there was no other goods.
In the tenth year of the Republic of China (1921), Chen Weisheng was famous for his talent in the township, and was hired by Ding Xingfu, the richest man in Weixian County and the owner of the Shiwu Garden, to teach Ding Xitian to study literature, history and geography, and train him into a generation of historians of the Republic of China. Chen Weisheng himself devoted himself to the study of township history, and during his lifetime, he collected and sorted out a number of works by local xiangxian in Shandong, including many ancient books and rare books.
More famously, Chen Weisheng compiled and published the book "Fu Cheng" in the thirteenth year of the Republic of China (1924). The book "Fu Cheng" originated from the Great Confucian Fusheng of Jinan County during the Qin and Han Dynasties, who preserved twenty-nine pieces of Confucius's selected "Book of Shang" during the Shi Huang's book burning incident, and later when Fusheng was ninety years old, Emperor Wen of Han sent someone to compile the "Book of Shang" he retained into a book. Chen Weisheng conducted meticulous research and research on Fusheng and the Book of Shang, leaving many valuable historical materials for future generations.
<h1>He served as the chief compiler of the Weixian Chronicle of the Republic of China</h1>
After the founding of the Republic of China, the government required all localities to set up Tongzhiguan (that is, archives) to compile and sort out the local history of the previous generation. In the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931), Wang Hua'an, then the head of Weixian County, established the County Chronicle Editorial Committee, hired Chen Weisheng and other well-known local scholars to participate, and the standing committee of the editorial committee was composed of County Governor Wang Hua'an, County Education Bureau Director Gao Jingqiu, and local scholar Chen Weisheng, who served as the general editor of the county chronicle.
Chen Weisheng absorbed the new ideas of the new cultural movement and proposed that the compilation and revision of the Fang Zhi in the Republic of China era should be based on the people. After studying and discussing with local scholar Liu Jindi and others, he determined the overall framework and 15 chapter details for the continuation of the "Weixian Chronicle", each of which has its own columns, a total of forty-two volumes, more than one million words, Chen Weisheng stopped bleeding rigorously, and all the historical materials included in it were repeatedly checked to be true and clear, which can be called the local encyclopedia of Weixian County.
After the fall of his hometown, he insisted on staying in Qingdao with integrity
After the outbreak of the July 7 Incident, the war of aggression against China extended to Weixian County, and Chen Weisheng could not live in seclusion, selling words for a living. The Japanese and puppet authorities heard of his name and asked him to appear several times, but all of them were refused. Chen Weisheng's fellow scholar Wang Yitang was hired as the chairman of the pseudo-North China Political Affairs Committee and came to Weixian County specifically to do work, but Chen Weisheng was clean and self-righteous, and he was always unmoved.
Soon after, Chen Weisheng avoided the hometown of Anqiu's grandmother and immersed himself in mohai Yantian all day without asking about the world. Later, he moved to Qingdao, still selling words for a living, frugal and poor. Chen Weisheng's book style is full of European charm and unique style, and the small letters he writes combine Jin Wen, Qin Seal, and Han Li, and is widely sought after in Qingdao. The Republic of China's book circles are evaluated as "Crane (Chen Weishengzi) pen power can carry ding".
In 1945, Japan surrendered, and the eighty-one-year-old Chen Weisheng died of a young age. In his hometown of Weixian County, he left behind many ink treasures of Chen Wei's reputation, such as the Zhongtang Yanglian, banners, bucket squares, fans, plaques, etc., the inscription of "Jizhi Primary School" in Xima Road in the city, the plaque of "China Grand Theater" in Nanbaya Street, and the plaque of "Zhonghua Lou" in NanguanyueheYa, all of which are Chen Weisheng's handwriting. His calligraphy works are still sought-after in auctions at home and abroad.
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