Where is Meng Jiangnu from? There are Tongguan (present-day Tongchuan, Shaanxi) sayings, Lizhou (present-day Jinshi, Hunan) sayings, Tongguan and Suzhou sayings, and so on, but especially tongguan and Lizhou sayings are the most prevalent.
Mengjiang Nuns' Ancestral Hall in Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province
"Mencius Confession" originally quoted Chun Yu's words: "In the past, the king leopard was in Qi, and Hexi was good at praise." Mianju is in Gao Tang, while Qi Right is good at singing. Hua Zhou's wife changed her national custom by crying her husband. There are those who are inside and outside, and those who have no merit in their deeds have not yet tasted it. Therefore, there is no sage, and if there is, he will know it. ”
Among them, the sentence "Hua Zhou Qiliang's wife is good at crying her husband and changes the national custom", Gu Jiegang's "The Transformation of mengjiang's female story" is explained in this way: Hua Zhou and Qi Liang's wives were very good at crying when they were dukes of Qizhuang, and they cried like singing, so that later the entire State of Qi imitated their "crying tone" atmosphere.
This interpretation is clearly wrong! Combined with the context, Chun Yu-chi uses three examples to reveal that even if a truly talented person is in a very small place, there must be a wider range of people who will learn to imitate him. Therefore, a person's internal talents must be manifested externally. In the past, wang leopards lived by the (small) Qishui River, and the people in (the whole) Hexi would sing; the people who lived in the (small) Gaotang, (the whole) people in the western part of the Qi state would sing; (the small) qiliang wife on the edge of mount Hua would cry her husband (qi felt the mountains and rivers, and the Great Wall was crying down), thus changing the customs of the (whole) Qin state. Obviously, here Huazhou is a place name rather than a personal name, which is the meaning of the surrounding area of Huashan Mountain, that is, today's Tongchuan area of Shaanxi, and the national custom should refer to the custom of burning cold clothes for the dead relatives in the early winter of the Qin Kingdom. Today, some places in northwest China still retain this custom, commonly known as the "Winter Clothing Festival". Historia. Qin Shi Huang Benji "Twenty-six years of the first emperor, the beginning of the change of year, the pilgrimage is from October Shuo." "During the Qin Shi Huang period, the first day of the winter of the year was set as the beginning of the lunar calendar, and it was not changed until the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Therefore, the author affirms that "Mencius Zhizixia" "Hua ZhouQiliang's wife is good at crying and her husband and becomes a national custom." It is the earliest credible document that can be traced back to the story of Meng Jiangnu, that is, Meng Jiangnu is a "Huazhou" person, that is, a person from Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province, who is an ancient official around Mount Hua.
Statue of Meng Mei
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="01" > Meng Jiangnu is a document spoken by The Shaanxi Tongguan</h1>
During the Jiayou period of the Northern Song Dynasty, there is a record of the county Lingzong Chen rebuilding the Tongguan Mengjiang Female Temple, indicating that the Tongguan Mengjiang Female Temple existed before the Northern Song Dynasty; the Ming Dynasty Tianshun five years compiled the "Daming Yi Tongzhi": "Mengjiang Female Ben Shaanxi Tongguan, Qin Shifu died on the Great Wall, and the conceited remains were buried in the county north Sanli xu, dead stone cave." The Chronicle of the County: "Shaanxi Tongguanren. Meng Jiangnu, Suitable Fan Zhi. During the Ming Jiajing period, Huang Shikang wrote the "Qin Meng Jiang Inscription" for the Jiang Nun Ancestral Hall in Shanhaiguan, "Meng Jiang, surnamed Xu, Guanzhong Fan Zhinu also." "Linyu County Chronicle", "Shaanxi Tongzhi" and other historical materials have records of "Meng Jiangnu, Shaanxi's tongguanren".
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="02" > Meng JiangNu is the relevant literature of Lizhou</h1>
Ming Li Rugui wrote the "Records of the Zhenjie Ancestral Hall" Yun: Meng JiangNu's story "Since the Qin calendar has been more than a thousand years, the Li people have been said to have been recited without fading, and they are often sung in form. But after looking for a husband, I don't know the end. Jiajing Xin Qiuqiu, he was ordered to pay for Yan Sui and then returned to Li, passing through Tongguan County, Xi'an Province, and learned, "Meng Jiang Nuguo went to the Great Wall, obtained the skeleton of Fan Xilang, and returned to it... Go to the same official and pawn. The same officials felt their chastity, and chiseled stones for the temple... He did not know that he was also a liren. The implication is that Meng Jiangnu was originally from Lizhou and died in the same official.
At the same time, Ma Li, a famous scholar from Shaanxi in Ming Jiajing, wrote "Meng Jiang Nu Supplementary Biography", "Ancestral Monument Record", and "Meng Jiang Nu Collection", which is a collection of Meng Jiang Nu stories, of which there are many legends of the same official. However, his inscription refers to Meng Jiangnu as "a former Qin Lizhou native". It is also possible to understand that the people of Qin Lizhou during the Warring States period are also OK. Qiao Shining, a mingyaozhou native, also said that Meng Jiangnu was a native of Lizhou. Obtained during the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the stele is stored in the Lixian Museum, and the "Inscription of Mengjiang's Former Residence" written by Zhuo Yun in the sixth year of Jin Taikang (286 AD) believes that Meng Jiangnu was a native of QinqianZhong County (present-day Changdejin City), who died under the rocks of Tongguan Mountain (present-day Tongchuan, Shaanxi).
In summary, some historical data say that Meng Jiangnu was a tongguan (present-day Tongchuan, Shaanxi), and some say that it was Lizhou (present-day Jinshi, Hunan), and because the legend of Mengjiangnu was prevalent in both places, there was a compromise theory that MengJiangnu was a native of Lizhou and died of the same official! However, combined with the relevant historical materials of qin and Chu after 280 BC, it is not difficult to explain all the doubts of the Mengjiang female officials and The Lizhou!
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="03" > looking for Sima Cuo, a famous Qin general who suddenly "disappeared" in history</h1>
Sima is wrong
The "History of Qin Benji" records, "In the twenty-seventh year of King Qin Zhao's reign (280 BC), Sima mistakenly sent Longxi to Attack Chu Qianzhong because of Shu.com. The Huayang Guozhi Shuzhi also records this incident, "Sima Zuo led the Bashu people to 100,000 people, 10,000 large ships, 6 million rice, floating rivers and Chu, taking the land of shang, for Qianzhong County." "In the twenty-eighth year (279 B.C.), Da Liangzao attacked Chu, took Yan and Deng, and forgave the sinners and moved them. In the 29th year (278 BC), DaliangZaobai attacked Chu and took the name of Nan Commandery (南郡). Bai Qi's second attack on Chu was strategically alleviating Sima Qian's embarrassing situation of being isolated after he mistakenly captured Chu Qianzhong. At the same time, Sima Que's lone army also attracted most of Chu's troops, leaving the northwest defensive line empty, allowing Bai Qi to take Yan and Deng lightly, capture the capital of the Chu state of Yin, and burn the tomb of his ancestors Yiling (this scene is suspected of Bai Qi's revenge for his mentor Sima Wrong!). )。
In the thirtieth year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin (277 BC), he sent Shu Commandery (蜀郡) to defend Zhang Ruo (張若若) to attack Chu again, "Shu Shou Ruofa Chu, take Wu County and Jiangnan as Qianzhong County." "After Sima mistakenly attacked Qianzhong in 280 BC, Chu gathered a large number of troops to retake Qianzhong, so in 277 BC Shu Shou Zhang Ruo again attacked Chu to take Wu County and Jiangnan as Qianzhong County. However, at this point, the famous general Sima Que of the Qin Dynasty "disappeared" from then on, and even his eighth grandson Sima Qian was reluctant to mention his ending.
The Tang Dynasty scholar Liu Yuxi wrote a poem "The Ancient City of Deng sima cuo":
"The general will be the Qin Division, and the southwest will be in full service."
On the Qing River, the smoke is obscure.
Climb straight To Xiao Chen, and look around at zhuang qianqian.
The leaves are full of leaves, and the tall autumn vines are green.
Waste wells pump cold vegetables and destroy the Taisheng Lu Valley.
Cultivators get ancient tools, and the rain is more than a relic.
Chu Saiyu overlapped, and the wild streams twisted and turned.
Leaving this number of bucks, several people were injured in the eyes. ”
This poem is one of the many poems written by Liu Yuxi when he was demoted to Sima of Langzhou (present-day Changde, Hunan), and once landed on the ancient city of Sima Cuo, expressing the tragic scene of Sima Cuo floating on the river and being besieged by the Chu army, and had to retreat to the land of bullets to build a city to defend. Among them, "Gulei Qingjiangshang" shows sima cuo's original "floating river vachu" into Chuqian's march route: Qingjiang, ancient name Yishui, originated from Qiyue Mountain in Lichuan City, Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province, the author believes that Sima Cuo's "floating river vachu" route was from the Qingjiang River down the river into Jiangnan Qianzhongdi, not the traditional ancient Qianjiang River (now Wujiang). At present, scholars are quite divided on the Qin-Chu-Qian-Zhongdiwang and Sima Erroneous Chu-Chu routes. The "Wild Creek Controversy Song" shows that the local folk also circulate a large number of Chu ci folk songs that criticize and satirize Sima Er.
Topographic map of Chu qianzhong at the end of the Warring States period
Also Song Dynasty Tao Bi "Sima Wrong City" :
The Great Wall in the north traps the enemy dust,
More to labor Wuling people.
I suspect that the peach grower in the hole,
It was the person who built the plate at that time.
This poem provides us with the following information: after Sima Cuo's surprise attack and occupation of Chuqianzhong (south of the Yangtze River and north of Yuanshui), the Chu people were not willing to be defeated, and then gathered a large number of Chu troops in jiangbei across the Yangtze River to attack the Sima Cuo Qin army in Qianzhongdi, Jiangnan, and broke through the Great Wall built by the qin army's northern defense line, and the Qin army was forced to retreat to Wuling (around Changde) and launched the Wuling people to build the last defensive position "Sima CuoCheng". Moreover, Tao Bi also suspected that the peach planter in Jin Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Origin" was the Qin people who had built the ancient city of Sima Que!
After examining the Mengjiang Female Temple in Jinshi City, the author accidentally found that there are place names such as General Mountain, Yingzhu Mountain, and Danliang Mountain in Fenghuo Township, Linli County, more than 50 miles southwest of it, and with the help of Google topographic map, I found that there are nearly circular digging ditches around the city ruins, which is suspected to be the ancient city of Sima Cuo! There is a large tomb on the banks of the water bank of its western foothills, which is said to be the tomb of Song Yu, a poor scholar of the late Chu Dynasty, who has such a large tomb and has been passed down to this day, it is absolutely impossible! According to its structure and location, it is suspected to be the tomb of the "missing" Sima Cuo, after Sima Que led his troops to capture Chu Qianzhong, the Chu people at that time wrote a large number of Chu words "Jie Qu" that slandered Sima Que, and the local Chu people naturally had great hatred for the invader Sima Cuo, moreover, after Wu'an Junbai attacked the Chu capital Yingcheng in that year, he burned the tomb of the Chu Xian king YiLing, and if Sima Que was buried in Chu after his death, he would not dare to disclose his identity, and could only hide his name. Of course, it is not impossible to protect Sima Yu's tomb from destruction in the name of Song Yu, who was loved by the Chu people at the same time! The tomb, which traces its origin along the creek up to the Yaniu Dam, is suspected to be Tao Yuanming's Taohuayuan site: "... Since Yun's ancestors avoided the chaos of Qin, he led his wife Yiren to this desperate situation, and did not come back, so he was separated from outsiders..."
The Qing "Book Li Zicheng Biography" says: "Li Zicheng shi channeled Lizhou. Because of the old man's inquiry, Wen Zicheng was sent from the public security (present-day Gong'an County, Hubei) ben li (present-day Li County, Hunan), and many of his descendants scattered, to QinghuaYi (present-day Li County), with more than ten people riding away from the Yaniu Dam (present-day Linli County), abandoned the ride, and became a monk at the Shimen Jiashan Temple, where his grave is still alive. According to this person, Li Zicheng did indeed return to the Hidden Jiashan Temple as a monk. Before that, he had searched for a place of refuge in many ways, including Tao Yuanming's peach blossom source - Yaniu Dam!
Of course, more relevant evidence needs to be further excavated, and this article will not be repeated.
The area around Linli County is suspected of being the ancient city of Sima Cuo, the tomb of Sima Cuo, and the schematic map of Taohuayuan
In summary, we can think of it this way: After the earthquake in Longxi in 280 BC, the Great Wall defending Rong Zhai was seriously damaged, and sima Cuo led the Longxi soldiers who had built and defended the Great Wall to attack Zhai Rong and establish Zhai Dao in one fell swoop, and then led the Longxi army to join forces with Ba and Shu people along the banks of the Min River to join forces with Ba and Shu to attack Chu Qianzhong. Later, it was counterattacked by the Chu people and was besieged and compressed in the area of Jinjin City and Changde Linli to build a city to defend, which was known as Sima Wrong City in history. The elderly Sima Cuo may have died as a guest, and was later buried on the banks of the Daoshui River at the foot of the present camp. Most of the Longxi soldiers who built the Great Wall were Guanzhong tongguan people, and after the war situation was stable, the migrating Yi people settled in Qianzhong, where the natural conditions were better, and Meng Jiangnu, who was also a tongguan, also moved to the Qianzhong area with her relatives and neighbors to live for many years. Therefore, Meng Jiangnu, who was born in the same official in Shaanxi, also has the theory that she is a native of Lizhou ( Gu Qianzhong ) in Hunan.
Meng Jiang Girl Story New Solution (1)
An overview of the story of Meng Jiangnu
Meng Jiang Girl Story New Explanation (II)
Where is the Great Wall where Meng Jiang Nu "cried"?
Meng JiangNu Story New Solution (3)
Is Meng Jiang Nu really related to Qin Shi Huang?
Meng JiangNu Story New Solution (4)
Where is The Hometown of Meng JiangNu?
Meng JiangNu Story New Explanation (5)
Is Meng Jiang's female surname Meng?