Calf ascariasis, also known as neocariasis, is caused by the parasitism of new cattle roundworms in the small intestine, usually less than 6 months old calves are prone to occur, especially from 1 week to 3 months of age is the most common; the main symptoms are digestive disorders, causing diarrhea, abdominal pain, anemia, body wasting and lung lesions, etc., if infected with a large number of insects may also lead to death.
Calf coccidiosis is a protozoal disease caused by coccidiosis of the genus Emelia parasitic in the epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa of cattle, mostly occurring in calves aged 1 to 2 years, which is very harmful to calves. It is seasonally sporadic or endemic, characterized by hemorrhagic enteritis.
Clinical symptoms of calf ascariasis
Sick calves show lack of energy, easy drowsiness, loss of appetite, inability to suck milk, reduced activity, unable to stand up or unsteady when artificially forced to drive, often crawling and lying down. Most of them will discharge gray-white paste-like feces and emit a foul odor, with mucus, when the number of parasites is large, they tend to excrete blood diarrhea with blood filaments or pus blood, and there is oily on the surface of the feces, with a greasy feeling, and emit a fishy odor, accompanied by abdominal pain, sometimes there are insect bodies in the feces. For sick cattle that have not developed diarrhea, they only show mental malaise, stop sucking milk, are coarsely haired, exhale gas and emit a sour taste, visible mucosa is whitish, and the abdominal circumference is enlarged. When a large number of insect bodies are parasitic, it can lead to intestinal obstruction or intestinal perforation. In the later stages of the disease, the body often shows wasting, muscle relaxation, limb weakness, body temperature is generally low, especially the ear tips and limbs are cold, crawling and lying down, severe anemia, cough and asthma are obvious, breathing difficulties, and eventually die due to severe failure.
Pathological changes in calf ascariasis
A autopsy of a sick and dead cow reveals that the intestinal contents are pale yellow and viscous and contain a large number of worms; due to the mechanical damage caused by the insect body, it can cause inflammation of the intestinal mucosa in a large area and spread ulcers; and sometimes there are intestinal blockages, intestinal rupture, intussusception, peritonitis, and bile duct blockage. Sometimes a yellow-brown necrosis foci the size of a soybean may be seen on the liver, and a purple-black necrosis foci or punctate hemorrhagic spot in the lungs.
Clinical symptoms of calf coccidiosis
Bloody diarrhea and fever are typical symptoms of calves infected with coccidiosis; the incubation period of bovis is about 2 to 3 weeks, and calves with a smaller age are acutely passed by and are prone to death. The diseased calf initially loses appetite and drinks less water; after that, it is depressed, short of breath, weak, lying down, appetite is exhausted, stops drinking, body temperature rises, later is coarse hair, eye sockets are sunken, skin is dry and inelastic, the heartbeat is rapid, the visible mucosa is pale, the body temperature is reduced, often lying on the ground, and it is blameless. The first pulling band of blood-colored thin feces, mixed with fibrous pseudomembrane, severe cases are watery diarrhea, feces with a foul odor, and eventually a large amount of body fluids are lost, extreme anemia, and death occurs. The course of the disease is 10 to 15 days. Calves over 1 month of age show chronic symptoms, symptoms are relatively mild, the initial disease of the calf discharge of feces mixed with a small amount of blood or blood, if not treated in time, it is manifested as long-term diarrhea, anemia, and eventually secondary infection, resulting in aggravation of the disease, emaciation and death.
Pathological changes in calf coccidiosis
After the calf autopsy, it was found that the body was severely dehydrated, emaciated, the subcutaneous fat disappeared, and the visible mucosa was pale. The anus is lax and valgus, and the hind limbs and anus are heavily contaminated with feces with blood. In the cecum, colon, and posterior small intestine, lymphatic follicles are significantly enlarged and prominent, with small necrotic lesions of white and gray, yellow-brown rectal contents mixed with mucus, blood, and fibrous membranes, foul odors, and cellulose pseudomembrane and a large number of mucosal fragments can also be found. The mesenteric lymph nodes are enlarged and inflamed.
Calf ascariasis control:
Preventive deworming. Calf ascariasis usually occurs through the maternal placenta before death, causing the onset to occur at a young age and usually dying at about 30 days of age. Therefore, it is best to take early preventive deworming, generally at 20 to 25 days old and 60 to 65 days old, which can effectively control the disease and reduce economic losses. Albendazole, ivermectin, acetylasmectin, etc. are usually chosen.
Treatment: Thimidazole hydrochloride, diseased calves can be fed 12 to 15 mg/kg according to body weight, usually after 2 days will be excreted. Or use levamisole hydrochloride tablets, 300 mg orally per calf, the deworming effect is also better. Or use ivermectin tablets for deworming, taking 50 mg per 10 kg of body weight, which is a broad-spectrum, low-toxicity, high-efficiency drug, and the therapeutic effect is also better. When the calf shows significant symptoms of abdominal pain, intramuscular injection of 20 mL of aminopyrine injection or 10 mL of 30% metamizole can be injected intramuscularly. In order to improve gastrointestinal function and improve the body's resistance, sick calves can inject 10mL intramuscularly 2. 5% vitamin B1, 20mL 10% vitamin C and 6mL dexamethasone (each contains 5mg of drug) and so on.
In order to replenish body fluids and alleviate acidosis, the sick calf can inject 100mL of 10% glucose, 1000mL of compound sodium chloride injection, and 500mL of 5% sodium bicarbonate injection intravenously. For cardiac diuresis, the calf can be injected intramuscularly or intravenously with 10 mL of ana sodium coffee injection.
Regularly clean up the feces of the cattle, keep the environment dry, prevent the feed and drinking water from being contaminated, disinfect with disinfectants regularly, use drugs in advance to prevent according to the previous medical history and regional pathogenesis, add anticoccidial drugs (dikruli, totrajuli, etc.) to the calf feed, and use continuously for 3 to 5 days;
Calf coccidiosis control:
Calf coccidiosis mainly uses the principle of anticoccidism combined with the clinical symptoms of diseased cattle for symptomatic treatment: sick cattle choose to use chlorphenidine hydrochloride at a dose of 15mg/kg·bw, 2 times/day, and continuous use for 3d for 1 course. After 3 days of medication, some diseased cattle still have the phenomenon of bloody stool, and then use a course of intensive treatment. To protect the mucosa of the diseased bovine intestine, choose to use tannic acid protein 1 g, add water 200 mL to administer, 3 times / day, continuous use for 4 days. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory prevention of secondary infection, the choice of compound sulfadiazine sodium and compound sodium chloride injection, the use of 0.1 g / kg · bw and 500 mL, respectively, mixed intravenous injection 2 times / day, continuous use of 3d for 1 course.
For calves with severe dehydration, intravenous injection of 500 mL of 25% glucose solution and 500 mL of normal saline once a day, for 3 days, injected 5 mL of 10% sodium coffee injection into calves with heart failure. At the same time, the diseased cattle are injected intramuscularly with sulfadiazine sodium, 8 mL/head, 1 time/day, continuous use for 3d.
Traditional Chinese medicine recipe: anchovy, half-flag each 300g, honeysuckle, lychee 100g each, guava young leaves 150g, green tea 50g, boiling water to remove slag irrigation.