Ask Ren, Zi Yue, lover. Ask Zhi, Zi Yue, Zhi Ren "Analects" new words "Yan Yuan" twenty-one

Ask Ren, Zi Yue, lover. Ask Zhi, Zi Yue, Zhi Ren Analects New Words "Yan Yuan" Twenty-one, Radish / Photography

Fan Chi, Fan Shu, Ming Shu, Zi Chi, Confucius disciple.

Zi Xia, Bu Shi, Ming Shang, Zi Xia, Confucius disciple.

Gao Tao, a statesman and thinker of the ancient era, was roughly a contemporary of Shun, and is said to have had no less influence than Yao, Shun, and Yu, and it is said that he constructed the earliest judicial system in China.

Yi Yin, the founding father of the Shang Dynasty, was an outstanding politician and thinker.

"Township", the traditional character is "鄉", this chapter sentence "乡也", this "鄉" (乡) has a "嚮"

"(To) solution." Township "leading to" also has the meaning of "once upon a time" and "before". (Partial understanding, published by the Commercial Press, in the "Dictionary of Common Words in Ancient Chinese" edited by Wang Li et al., with reference)

Fan Chi asked Confucius what exactly was "benevolence"?

Confucius said, "Love your neighbor." Self-love, ordinary people can have, but being able to love others is indeed a kind of ability and realm, which is not easy. Loving others and loving oneself, pushing oneself and others, comparing hearts to hearts, starting from one's own heart, and caring for others are the basic manifestations of "benevolence".

Fan Chi asked Confucius what is "knowledge"? (it is also said that it is the "wisdom" of false wisdom)

Confucius said, "Know people." Only with self-knowledge can we judge others with ourselves. In the Analects, "Li Ren" (里仁), "Zi Yue, only a benevolent person can be a good person and an evil person." Confucius said that only "benevolent people" have this ability, what ability? Can define right and wrong, good people and evil people. Ordinary people can't, can't make this definition. Why? Because benevolent people are people who can really observe good and evil in their hearts and can distinguish between good and evil and can distinguish between good and evil, most of them are people who only value themselves and only self-interest, and these people's positions are biased and cannot judge things and people's hearts fairly.

After Fan Listened Late, Confucius's short words of "loving people" and "knowing people" still did not understand too much, and Confucius continued to explain: As long as benevolent people can uphold righteousness and practice the right path, they can correct the evil door and the crooked way, so that those who are biased and extreme can understand the general situation and walk the right path!

After Fan listened late, he stepped back. In fact, he still didn't quite understand. After seeing Zi Xia, he asked Zi Xia, "Before, I talked to Confucius and asked him what could be called 'knowing', and he said, 'Straightening out the wrongdoers can make the wrongdoers straight'. ”

Zi Xia said, Huo! Confucius's words can be "deep", and the meaning is extremely rich! When Emperor Shun was in charge of the world, from among the people, he selected Gao Tao to help manage the world, because Gao Tao knew dali and was a benevolent and righteous man, so Emperor Shun took Gao Tao as an example, and the world took the benevolent and righteous people as an example, and naturally the unkind people retreated and were no longer harmed in society, people lived and worked in peace, and the world was peaceful. And when Shang Tang established the Shang Dynasty, and promoted the able Yi Yin from the people, Yi Yin is also a benevolent and righteous person, who can set an example for the world, so there are people like him who are managing the country, evil does not suppress the right, the world naturally returns to the right way, "villains" and "unkind people" cannot gain power, and naturally they do not endanger society.

According to the author, a gentleman practices "benevolence and righteousness", first correcting his own heart, correcting his words and deeds, and then correcting the world. This may be the so-called, one person's world is complete, and everyone's world is also perfect.

Radish/Text