Abstract: According to the "New Sunflower No. 6 Hybrid SeedIng Technology", this paper elaborates from the selection of isolation area, the selection of seed plots, land preparation, field management, artificial assisted pollination and bee pollination, pest control and harvesting, etc., and effectively solves the problems existing in the production of sunflower seeds by farmers, new sunflower No. 6 is a sunflower variety selected and bred by Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, which has the characteristics of high yield, strong disease resistance and good grain commerciality, and is widely praised by growers in the market. It is suitable for spring sowing in northern China. The seed making technology is introduced as follows.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >1 seeding area selection</h1>
1.1 Selection of quarantine areas
According to the spatial isolation requirements, in order to avoid the influence of foreign pollen on the purity of seed production, other sunflowers shall not be planted in the isolation belt of more than 5000m around the seed production base.
1.2 Selection of seed plots
Sunflower seeds should be selected from plots with flat terrain, deep soil layer and high organic matter content, and the thickness of the mature soil layer is 60 to 80 cm. Soil is generally required to be loam sand type, pH 6.0 ~ 8.5, the former stubble crop should be a grass crop, should not be continuous cropping with legumes and oil crops, can not replant sunflowers, so as not to cause secondary seedlings to affect the purity of seed preparation.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >2 sown</h1>
Before sowing, apply plantar fertilizer, apply cooked rotten farm manure 2~3t/666.7m2, calcium superphosphate 15kg/666.7m2, urea 8kg/666.7m2, potassium sulfate 5kg/666.7m2, after application need to be deeply flattened. In order to prevent underground pests from harming seeds and seedlings, combined with land preparation for soil disinfection, sprinkle the soil with 2% methyl isotylphos powder 2 to 3 kg/666.7 m2 and mix 25 kg of sand, or spray with 40% methyl isotylphos emulsion 250 g/666.7 m2 with water 30 kg. The ground temperature is stable at 8~10 °C for 5 consecutive days to sow seeds. When sowing, wide and narrow (40cm+ 80cm) film-coated sowing method is adopted, and the air-suction seeder is used to sow on the film, the sowing depth is 2cm, the sowing density is 3000~3500 plants/666.7m2, and the water is dripped in time after sowing. Since the father of the new sunflower No. 6 is branched (the amount of pollen is large), the ratio of the number of mothers and fathers in the seed making area can be taken 6:2, according to the actual needs to extend the parent flowering period as much as possible, the parents sow 80% of the parents sowing at the same time, and 20% after the 8d in the evening, in accordance with the method of "preferring the father and mother, not the mother and other fathers", to ensure that there are more pollination opportunities.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >3 field management</h1>
3.1 Seedling management
After sowing, the field seedling inspection work should be carried out in time, and the seedlings should be replenished in time for the plots with serious lack of seedlings, and if there is a plate knot, it should be broken in time. It is best to set seedlings between a pair of true leaves, two pairs of true leaves, combined with seedlings to remove alien, deformed, diseased and weak plants, leave even seedlings, strong seedlings, and do not leave double plants when setting seedlings. The first medium tillage hoeing is carried out at 3 to 4 true leaves, the purpose of which is to: protect the moisture, hoe the grass, improve the ground temperature, and facilitate the development of seedlings, and the depth of the cultivation is 8 to 10 cm.
3.2 Watering and fertilization
During the emergence to budding period, the main water control squat seedlings, combined with the initial stage of the mother bud, need to apply urea 10kg/666.7m2, diammonium phosphate 7kg/666.7m2, the first watering should be carried out 30 ~35d after emergence; before flowering, a small amount of urea or three-material phosphorus fertilizer should be applied according to the growth trend. Due to the sensitivity of water in the three periods of budding, flowering and grouting, water is indispensable to ensure dripping water, combined with fertilization while dripping water, and 5 to 8 drips are required during the whole growth period.
3.3 Field de-cluttering
Field despluation can be carried out according to the different growth trends of the three periods, the seedling stage is desplued according to the color of the embryo and stem, combined with the field seedlings and fixed seedlings, the heterochromatic seedlings are pulled out twice. According to plant type, leaf shape, leaf color to remove impurities. During the flowering period, the early flowers and tall plants can be removed, the fertile plants in the mother can be plucked out, the sterile plants in the father can be pulled out, and the removed flower trays should be taken out of the ground and buried in the soil. According to the branches of the plants, there are no branches. Remove impurities according to the color of tongue-shaped flowers, stigmas, and anthers. At the ripening stage, the weedy discs are mainly removed according to the size, color, length and width, stripes and characteristics of the seeds. After the parent is flowered, after pollination, the parent must be cut off to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and prevent artificial mixing, and improve the yield and quality of seed production.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >4 Artificial assisted pollination and bee pollination</h1>
Artificial pollination is directly related to the yield level, so the work during pollination must be timely and serious, sunflower pollination below 15 ° C fertilization ability is poor, pollen will lose vitality after encountering water, pollination 24 ~ 36h to complete the fertilization process, the general best time for pollination is 8:30-12:00, 17:30-19:00. Pollen is best to be freshly used, excess pollen can be placed under low temperature conditions for preservation, but the storage time should not be too long, the longer the pollen vitality is lower, the lower the fertilization rate. Pollination of each flower is 4 to 5 times, every other day. From the beginning of flowering to the end of flowering, the loose powder plants in the mother field must be removed every morning and before pollination in the afternoon to make them clean, thorough and prevent mixing. In addition, bees can also be used for pollination, and a box of bees should be placed per 3 (666.7 m2) of the field, thereby improving the pollination rate.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >5 pest control</h1>
The following pests and diseases will be controlled in the "New Food Sunflower No. 6" seed field:
At the seedling stage, it mainly controls underground pests, such as caddisflies, grubs, ground tigers, golden needle worms, weevils, etc. If the pests and diseases are more serious, you can use 1000 times the octylthion phosphorus to irrigate the roots; the prevention and control of sunflower borer is mainly carried out before and after flowering, specifically using 50% acaricidal pine 1000 times liquid or methyl isotylphosphorus 2000 times liquid, focusing on spraying on the front of the flower disc and the buds; after the bud, pay close attention to the occurrence of sclerotia and the occurrence of other diseases, and find that the diseased plant should be timely plucked out of the bag, and taken out of the field for deep burial; at the beginning of the disease, use chlorpyrine and succine spray on the site of the disease or irrigation roots and spray roots, it should be noted that A drug can only be used twice in a row and can be alternately rotated. In addition, depending on the actual situation, foliar spraying can also be carried out to replenish nutrients.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >6 Harvesting and preservation of hybrid seeds</h1>
After maturity, it should be harvested in time, single harvest, single storage, to prevent artificial mixing, according to the grain type, color, stripes are inconsistent individual flower discs, timely removal of miscellaneous discs. Timely threshing after harvest, spread out to dry, prevent mildew and rain. The seeds produced by the mother are the hybrid seeds of the "New Food Sunflower No. 6" generation. After receiving the seeds, the label should be filled in according to the requirements of the corresponding packaging, so that the packaging is ready for sale. The standards to be met for the seeds of "New Sunflower No. 6" are: purity ≥ 98%, clarity ≥ 99%, bud rate ≥ 95%, moisture ≤ 8%, crushing rate ≤0.5%, insect erosion rate ≤ 0.5%, mildew rate ≤0.5%. Seeds produced by the parent should be properly stored after filling in the label and used as the parent of the next year's seed.
The above is all of today's content, growers can refer to more reference, or everyone wants to know which aspect, the knowledge and technology of the three farmers can leave a comment, Xiaobian will solve the puzzle for everyone according to the situation. I also hope that you can pay attention to the small editor and actively leave comments to forward thank you!