1. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: for the Nidovirus order arteritis virus family; Pregnant sows and piglets are the most common and are a class of diseases in China; Features: persistent infection of the virus, diffuse interstitial pneumonia, marble-like appearance of hilar lymph nodes. Diagnosis: Porcine alveolar macrophages are inoculated with the disease material, stained with immunoperoxidase, and the RT-PRC method is more effective in examining the diseased RNA-PRC method in alveolar macrophages.
2. Porcine parvovirus disease: mainly occurs in sows, stillbirths, miscarriages, mummies, weak litters, etc. But sows do not show symptoms; Symptoms: the fetus is absorbed when infected within 30 days; The appearance of mummified fetuses at 30-50 days of infection; Stillbirth at 50-60 days of infection; Miscarriage occurs at the time of infection at 70 days; 70 days later, the infection is accompanied by poisoned piglets; Diagnosis: detection of pathogens by immunofluorescence techniques; Hemagglutination inhibition test for antibodies.
Prevention: Immunization is the most effective measure by species.
3. Infectious gastroenteritis: features: vomiting, fever, diarrhea and dehydration. The mortality rate within 10 days of age can reach 100% and pigs over 3 weeks can heal on their own.
4. Pig esophageal oral nematode disease: (1) that is, "nodular worm disease", which often occurs in intensive pig farms. (2) 2 Pathology: mainly parasitic in the colon, the larvae make the intestinal wall form nodular lesions, and the adults affect weight gain and feed transformation. (3) Prevention: For soil-derived parasites, environmental sanitation is the most important. (4) 4 Treatment: Left mi.
5. Pig nephrocosis: (1) it is a "toothed coronyx", which is caused by parasitizing the renal pelvis, perrenal fat and ureter of pigs. (2) 2 form: the insect body is thick, shaped like a matchstick, and the fresh insect body is gray-brown. (3) Route of infection: through the mouth and skin, pigs in southern China mostly occur in March to May and September to November. (4) Symptoms: skin inflammation, anemia, claudication, flocculent and pus in the urine. (5) Diagnosis: post-microscopic examination of insect eggs in morning urine, or discovery of insect bodies during autopsy. (6) Chemotherapy: levamisole, albendazole
Shorthand at the test point
6. Babesiosis (bovine) :(4) (1) Caused by Babes piriformis, also known as "scorched worm" or "spore worm", parasitic in red blood cells. (2 The disease is also called "red urine fever", hemoglobin (urine) protein urine fever, "tick fever".) (3) Morphology: The length of double-bud babes is greater than the radius of erythrocytes, the length of bovine babes is smaller than the radius of cells, and the length of ovate babesia is greater than the radius of erythrocytes. (4) 4 Transmission: hard tick, calf disease is more, death is low, adult cattle disease is low. (5) Features: hyperthermia, anemia, jaundice, hemoglobinuria, urine from light red to naked red. (6) Diagnosis: blood test worm body. (7) Treatment: triazamidamidazole benzamide, trypan blue, triazine yellow.
7. Bovine ring Taylor:blood-type insect body that parasitizes in red blood cells, and pomegranate body that parasitizes in cells of the monocyte macrophage system, which is round. Diagnosis: blood test. Treatment: triazamidine, quinoline sulfate.
8. Normal serum potassium concentration: 3.3~5.5mmol/L; Potassium is the main cation within the cell. 258. Elevated blood potassium: seen in more acute renal failure. Potassium-preserving diuretics (first considered with Aschysen's disease). Also: When the concentration is close to or more than 7mmo/L, it is easy to cause the heart to stop beating.
9. Blood potassium reduction: it is seen in vomiting diarrhea, cow lying down syndrome; Symptoms: drowsiness, muscle weakness, arrhythmia.
10. Normal blood sodium content, 135~ 155mmol/L.
11. Elevated blood sodium: see vomiting; Excessive breathing; Salt poisoning; Cushing's syndrome; Excessive secretion of mineralocorticoids; Symptoms: increased cerebral pressure, blindness, coma.
12. Decreased blood sodium: seen in renal failure (kidneys can not concentrate. ）
Two peaks.
13. Normal cellular anemia: the cell peak is at 40150f1, and the main peak is at 90.
14. The lateral peak of the leukocyte volume distribution histogram is the lymphocyte region; The right peak is mainly a neutrophil peak; The troughs in the middle are single-celled eosinophil regions.
15. Lymphocytes in the 30-100 position; Eosinophils/ sorophils, monocytes at 100 to 150 positions; Neutrophils are in the 150 to 300 positions.
16. Biochemical test object: the liquid part of the blood after the cells are removed.
17. Serum: fluid precipitated after blood agglutination. 18. Plasma: Blood collected after adding anticoagulants. 19. Blood glucose concentration of healthy monogastric animals after fasting: 4 ~ 5.5mmo| / L
20. Bones, soft tissues and body fluids, adipose tissue, gas, these four types of organs, in turn on the X- line photos appear as transparent white, dark gray, gray-black, black.
21. X-ray examination: including perspective examination, photographic examination, contrast examination.
22. X-ray fluoroscopic examination: using the penetration and fluorescence of X-ray, there is no permanent record; It is mainly used for examination of the pleura.
23. X-ray photographic examination: mainly used for the examination of bones and joints.
24. X-ray contrast examination: direct injection of contrast agent is the most widely used; Includes low-density contrast agents.
25. X-ray protection: Lead is the best material for making protective equipment.
26. Best time for chest X-ray: inhale apex.
27. Gastric dilation - X-ray manifestation of gastric torsion: highly dilated, full of gas and food, a slender soft tissue density-like fold span, dividing the stomach into two parts.
28. X-ray manifestations of intestinal obstruction (intestinal obstruction): multiple semicircular or arched transparent air shadows, with a dense fluid level in its lower part. The upper part of the obstruction has accumulated gas and fluid in the intestinal tract.
29. Barium enema manifestation of intussusception: dense shadow of a mass formed by instilling in the intestinal lumen, and characteristic image of cup-shaped mouth on the side of the socket.
30. Physical characteristics of ultrasound: (1) transmission; (2 reflection and refraction; (3) 3 diffraction; (4) scattering and attenuation; (5) Doppler effect
31. Doppler effect: when the sound source moves in the opposite direction with the reflected object, the sound frequency received by the reflector increases.
32. Ultrasonography site of hepatobiliary: (1) Horse: right side of the 10th to 14th intercostal shoulder joint horizontal line; (2) 2 cattle: the right side of the 8th to 12th intercostal shoulder joint horizontal line; (3) Sheep: below the horizontal line of the 8th to 10th intercostal shoulder joint on the right side; (4) Dogs: the right side of the 10th to 12th intercostal or behind the saber process.
33. Ultrasound examination site of the spleen: (1) cattle, left side of the 11th and 12th intercostal dorsal side; (2) Sheep: the 8th to 12th intercostal dorsal side of the left side; (3) 3 horses: the 8th to 17th intercostal position under the left abdomen, the horizontal line position of the shoulder end; (4) Dogs: between the 11th to 12th ribs on the left side.
34. B ultrasound of acute parenchymal hepatitis, many dense echo points can be seen, and their size, density and brightness are relatively normal, and the liver is high.
35. Sonogram of liver abscess: visible liquid dark area, fine echo spot.
36. Clear tone: seen in normal lung areas.
37. Dullness: seen in normal liver and heart areas, lung infiltrates, inflammation, atelectasis.
38. Solid tone: seen in a large number of complete consolidation of the chest and lungs.
39. Drum sound: seen in rumen flatulence, abdominal and lung cavity.
40 over-clear: emphysema.
41. Listening and percussion sites of the real stomach of the cow: the penultimate ribs have a characteristic steel pipe tone.
43. Edema: subcutaneous edema.
44. Subcutaneous emphysema: characterized by inconspicuous boundaries and twisting pronunciation when touching pressure.
45. Abscess, lymphatic extravasation: it is a non-open injury, characterized by obvious fluctuations on palpation.
46. Examination of the conjunctiva: mainly the conjunctiva of the eye.
47. Body temperature: horse (37.5~38.5); Dogs (37.5~390); Cattle (37.5~39.0); Pigs (38.0~39.5); Rabbits (38.5~39.5); Cats (38.5–395); Sheep (38.0~40.0); Chicken (40.0~42.0)
48. Body temperature measurement method: mammals (rectal temperature); birds (under the wings); Critters (armpits, medial thighs)
49. Elevated body temperature: more common in systemic infections
50. Decreased body temperature: more common in severe anemia, malnutrition, shock, heavy bleeding, near-death period. Below 36 °C, and cyanosis, weak heart, and poor prognosis.
51. Pulse: horse (26~42); Dogs (70~120); Cattle (50 to 80); Pigs (60~80); Rabbit (120~140); Cats (110 to 130); Sheep (70~80) Chicken 120~200).
52. Longitudinal and upper levels are normal, others are abnormal
53. Normal fetal posture: the two front legs are straight, the head and neck are also straight, and placed on top of the two front legs.
54. The most difficult force through the pelvic cavity of the mother is: the head
55. The process of childbirth is divided into: (1) uterine opening period (contraction); (2) 2 fetal production period; (3) Tire-coat discharge period (5 to 90 minutes for horses).
56. The discharge time of cattle tire coat: 2 to 8 hours, most often no more than 12 hours; Sheep 0.5 to 4 hours.
57. Diffuse placenta, pigs; Cotyledon-type fetuses, cattle, sheep, deer; Placenta bands, wolves; Discoid placenta, rabbit blood villi tissue.
58. Time for postpartum uterine recovery: cattle (30 to 45 days); sheep (17 to 20 days); Pigs (25 to 28 days). 87 Postpartum lochia discharge time: cattle (10 to 12 days); Horses (2 to 3 days); sheep (2 weeks); Pigs (2 to 3 days 88.Fetal necrosis: (4) Cows often excrete the fetus a few weeks after the expiration of pregnancy, when the role of the corpus luteum disappears and estrus is re-estrus; (2) Rectal examination, the uterus is spherical in shape and the volume is reduced; The contents are hard, the uterine wall is tightly wrapped around the fetus, and the fetal movement, fetal water and cotyledons cannot be felt, and there is no pregnancy pulse.
59. Fetal immersion: (1) the vaginal gate flows out of the reddish-brown unpleasant liquid, which can carry small bone pieces, and only discharges pus in the later stage 2) Vaginal examination, cervical opening, can be membrane to the fetal bone; Redness and swelling of the mucous membranes of the vagina and cervix; (3) Confirmed: bacteriological examination of bone pain and restlessness.
60. Gestational period: the period of time elapsed from the date of the last mating (effective mating) until childbirth. Cattle (282 days); Pigs (114 days); Sheep (150 days); Goats (152 days); Horse (340 days); Dogs (62 days); Cats (58 days). 120. Rectal examination: is a commonly used method of pregnancy diagnosis
61. Early pregnancy factor (EPF): it is the earliest immunosuppressive factor in the maternal serum in the first trimester of pregnancy; Rose garland suppression experiments are commonly used to determine its content.
62. Method of termination of bovine pregnancy: injection of PGF2a on day 275
Delivery takes place in 2 to 3 days
63. Method of termination of pregnancy in sheep: on days 141 to 144, 15 mg of PGF can be injected to make the ewe lamb within 3 to 5 days.
64. Method of termination of bovine pregnancy: PGF2a is injected on the 275th day, and delivery can be given in 2 to 3 days
65. Method of termination of pregnancy in sheep: on the 141st to 144th day, 15 mg of PgF can be injected to make the ewe lamb within 3 to 5 days.
66. Method of pregnancy termination of goats: injection of 12 mg PGF, method of pregnancy termination within 1.5 to 3 days of abortion or delivery of 25 pigs: 5 to | 0 mg of PGF 3 days before delivery, and birth is given between 22 and 32 hours.
67. Methods of termination of pregnancy of dogs: (1) Within 3 days after breeding, intramuscular injection of estradiol for 4 consecutive days; (2) Injection of non-synthetic PGF for more than 4 days of mating, and continuous use for more than 4 days; (3) 3-meter fepristone.
68. Cows give birth a few hours to 1 day after the start of milk leakage.
69. Equine chorionic gonadotropin (ECG) :(1) aphrodisiac; (2) Estrus at the same time; (3) Hyperovulation; (4) Treatment of ovarian diseases; (5) Stimulate ram sexual activity; (6) ECG diagnostic method for sow pregnancy.
70. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) :(1) promote follicle development; (2) Increase the ovulation effect of over-discharge at the same time.
71. Age of the first love period: cattle (6 to 12 months old); Horses, donkeys (12 months old); Sheep (6 to 8 months old); Pigs (3 to 7 months old); Dogs (8 to 10 months old); Cats (7 to 9 months of age).
72. Age of sexual maturity: cattle (12 months of age); Horse (18 months old); Sheep (10 to 12 months old); Pigs (6 to 8 months old).
73. Age of body maturity (initial matching): scalper (2 years old); Horse (3 years); Pigs (August to December).
74. Common tapeworms of the family Membranaceae and the main sensory host
Sword with tapeworm goose, battle
(Flaky) fold tapeworm duck, goose, chicken
Coronal membranous tapeworm duck
Chicken membrane shell tapeworm chicken, turkey
Tiny membrane-shell tapeworm: rats
Shrinking membrane shell margin insect: mouse
Pseudo-naked-headed marginal worm (pig pseudo-naked-headed marginal worm) pigs
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