This year is the first year to implement the 14th Five-Year Plan and embark on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and it is also the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. Li Shumin, a first-level inspector of the Fisheries administration bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, made a wonderful report on the economic situation of the 13th Five-Year Plan fishery and the prospect of the development trend of the 14th Five-Year Plan fishery at the "2021 Straits (Fuzhou) Fishery Week • China (Fuzhou) International Fisheries Expo", which was held during the "2021 Straits (Fuzhou) Fishery Week • China (Fuzhou) International Fisheries Expo".
The economic situation of the "13th Five-Year Plan" fishery
During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the overall output of aquaculture showed an upward trend, of which freshwater aquaculture production increased from 28.7789 million tons to 3086.89, marine aquaculture production increased from 19.1631 million tons to 21.3531 million tons, and freshwater aquaculture still accounted for nearly 60% of the total aquaculture. With the intensification of inland fishing bans, the domestic marine catch has dropped from 11.87 million tons in 2016 to 9.47 million tons in 2020, a decrease of 20%, freshwater catches from 2003,300 tons in 2016 to 1,457,500 tons in 2020, a decrease of 27%, and the proportion of fishing has increased from 74:26 at the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" to 78:22, and the culture and fishing structure has been further optimized. At the same time, the proportion of output value of the fishery first, second and third industries was adjusted from 51.45:23.14:25.41 at the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" to 49.0:22.3:28.7, and the proportion of the output value of the second and third industries exceeded 50%.
In 2020, the number of fishery population in the country was 17.2077 million, only 6.6649 million professional employees, and the per capita net income of fishermen was 21837.16 yuan, an increase of about 40% over the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", exceeding the per capita income doubled. Green aquaculture methods such as ecological breeding on the surface of the water and comprehensive breeding of rice and fishery have flourished.
Market prices of aquatic products
During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, 49 varieties of aquatic products monitored by the fixed-point market rose and fell, and the overall situation was stable, and the comprehensive price rose and fell in the 2% range. The variety of trading in the market is constantly enriched. According to statistics, the number of trading varieties in the fixed-point market has increased from less than 100 to 318. The total trading volume of the fixed-point market was 59.8044 million tons, up 11% year-on-year; the turnover was 1114.386 billion yuan, up 13% year-on-year. At the same time, aquatic e-commerce has sprung up, especially after the epidemic, the e-commerce industry has shown explosive growth.
Trade in aquatic products
In 2020, due to the impact of the epidemic, the import and export of aquatic products decreased significantly, but due to China's effective epidemic prevention and control, it gradually took the initiative in aquatic product trade, and the trade surplus expanded to 3.476 billion US dollars, an increase of 78.04% year-on-year.
Fisheries and fisheries administration work
First, the development of green aquaculture has achieved results
The water beach planning has been fully completed, 61 aquatic healthy aquaculture demonstration counties and 5468 aquatic healthy aquaculture demonstration farms have been created, the comprehensive cultivation of rice and fishery has reached 38 million mu, and the output of aquatic products has reached 3 million tons. Ecological aquaculture of large water surface, industrial circulating water aquaculture, pond engineering circulating aquaculture, container aquaculture, multi-trophic hierarchical ecological aquaculture, deep-water wind and wave cages, saline-alkali water fisheries and farmers comprehensive utilization and other ecological and healthy breeding models have been widely promoted.
Second, the conservation and restoration of resources has been intensified
Strengthen the protection of aquatic organisms focusing on the Yangtze River, more than 110,000 fishing boats have retired from fishing, and more than 230,000 fishermen have changed their production to professions or guaranteed resettlement. Achieve "two full coverages" of fishing moratoriums in key inland watersheds and major rivers, lakes and seas. Implement the management of the total amount of marine fishery resources, and reduce the number of marine fishing vessels by more than 40,000 and 1.5 million kilowatts. Seven national-level action plans for the protection of precious and endangered species, including the Chinese sturgeon and the Chinese white dolphin, were introduced. 110 national marine ranching demonstration areas have been created, and more than 150 billion units of seed have been increased and stocked.
Third, the ability to support science and technology has been significantly enhanced
The national key research and development project of "Blue Granary Science and Technology Innovation" was successfully implemented. The six fishery systems in the national agricultural modern industrial technology system continue to play a role. The reform and construction of the aquatic technology promotion system have achieved new results. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, a total of 61 new aquatic species were approved, and the contribution rate of science and technology in the fishery industry to 280 fishery national and industry standards increased from 58% to 63%.
Fourth, the fishery governance system has been improved
Issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Control of Domestic Fishing Vessels and Implementing the Total Management of Marine Fishery Resources, several opinions on accelerating the green development of aquaculture industry, and guiding opinions on promoting the development of large surface ecological fisheries. Promote the reform of the comprehensive management of fishing vessels and fishing ports, implement the reform of fishery oil price subsidies, and accelerate the revision process of the Fisheries Law. Organize and carry out a series of special law enforcement actions of China's fishery administration "Bright Sword", and clean up 172,000 fishing-related "three noes" vessels and 3.58 million "no-household nets" (top). Strengthen quality and safety supervision, and the pass rate of veterinary drug residue monitoring of aquatic products in the origin is stable at more than 99%.
Fifth, progress has been made in foreign cooperation in fisheries
More than 20 bilateral fishery cooperation agreements have been signed with relevant countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and the Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement has been formally acceded to. Promote the transformation and upgrading of distant-water fisheries, and implement an independent fishing moratorium on the high seas for the first time. Approved the construction of 7 overseas comprehensive bases for distant-water fisheries, 2,701 distant-water fishing vessels, an annual output of more than 2 million tons of distant-water fisheries, and the first professional Antarctic krill fishing vessel of independent design was completed for trial sailing.
The 14th Five-Year Plan for the development of fisheries is facing severe challenges and strategic opportunities
The challenge
First, the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic is extensive and far-reaching, the supply chain cycle of the global fishery industry chain is blocked, and the market demand has shrunk significantly;
Second, labor prices continue to rise, fishery production costs continue to increase, fishery social investment has fallen sharply, and the traditional extensive breeding space and model have been significantly reduced;
Third, there are more low-end, less middle and high-end; more fresh, less processing; the construction of cold chain logistics is lagging behind, the development of the fishery first, second, and third industries is unbalanced, and the development of the secondary and tertiary industries is insufficient;
Fourth, the construction of fishing ports is lagging behind, the breeding facilities and equipment are backward, the breeding ponds are seriously aging, they do not have the capacity to treat the tailwater of aquaculture, and the degree of mechanization of aquaculture is low. The equipment of fishing boats is backward, and the number of small fishing boats and wooden fishing boats is still relatively large;
Fifth, the fishing intensity is too large, exceeding the carrying capacity of fishery resources. Environmental pollution, engineering construction and other human activities, fishery resources miniaturization, young age, low value phenomenon is obvious;
Sixth, the fishery legal policy guarantee system is not perfect, and the task of reforming key links in key areas is still arduous.
Strategic opportunities
First, the policy of giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas is clear; second, the space for new demand for fishery development is expanded; third, the material and technical foundation of fishery has been significantly enhanced
Promoting the high-quality development of fisheries is the 14th Five-Year Plan outlook
The fishing industry strives for sustainable development, promotes the construction of fishing port economic zones, and realizes the integration of port industry and city. Continue to implement the management system of marine undesirable aggregates, and carry out pilot projects of quota fishing. Promote the reduction of ships and the conversion of production and the modernization of fishing vessels.
The aquaculture industry has taken multiple measures to solve the supply of aquatic products and achieve green and high-quality development. Standardize the development of large surface fisheries, vigorously promote the standardization of ponds and tailwater treatment, and vigorously develop the rice and fish industry and saline water aquaculture.
Supplement the shortcomings and accelerate the development of the secondary and tertiary industries. Support the development of aquatic products processing and circulation, promote the construction of the whole industrial chain, vigorously develop recreational fisheries, and improve the level of integrated development of fishery first, second, and third industries. Finally, we should pay attention to resource conservation, accelerate opening up to the outside world, and strengthen fishery administration management.
Author: Aquaculture Network Wang Zheng