What kind of Cantonese dialects and native languages are you talking about in guangdong?

Map of Guangdong language

Orange Cantonese-speaking area

Green Hakka area

Red Minnan District

Brown Shaozhou dialect

Yellow Minority Languages

What kind of Cantonese dialects and native languages are you talking about in guangdong?

>> A

【Cantonese Cantonese】

Cantonese Cantonese, also known as Cantonese "Cantonese Piece", is the cantonese dialect commonly referred to. The standard pronunciation of Cantonese, Guangzhou dialect, belongs to the Cantonese sea film. There is little difference between the cantonese films inside, and they can generally talk to each other more smoothly. Including Cantonese, Hong Kong Cantonese, Shaoguan Vernacular, Zhanjiang Vernacular. Hong Kong dialect and Cantonese dialect are very close, while Zhanjiang vernacular has a certain change compared with Cantonese dialect.

>> A-01

【Guangzhou dialect】

Guangzhou dialect, also known as "Cantonese dialect", because it is located in the central city of the Pearl River Basin, is the mother tongue of tens of millions of local residents in Guangzhou, Hong Kong and other metropolises, and has long guided the traditional Cantonese opera culture and Cantonese pop culture, with a strong influence, and has been accepted as a well-established standard sound by people in various Cantonese dialect areas. The Cantonese dialect itself is also changing slowly. The range of Cantonese sounds is relatively wide, and even some accents of Foshan, Zhongshan and Hong Kong are also included.

Before 1949, the Cantonese dialect was more quaint in terms of words and was less influenced by northern dialects. But in recent decades, under the influence of the "Promote Mandarin" movement, the level of northern dialect of Guangzhounese people has greatly improved in the past 20 years, and many authentic Cantonese words have disappeared in daily use. For example, today's Guangzhou people rarely use "goldfish yellow" to describe "orange" as they did 20 years ago; What are the animals of yellow dogs, pond tails, cockroaches, and field chickens is no longer known; Even on public transport, Cantonese radio words are bluntly pronounced in Cantonese, such as "station" instead of "enterprise"; Television also usually says "shopping", not "walking".

At the same time, the Cantonese Mandarin has also produced some mixed Cantonese and Northern dialect words such as "falling off class" and "falling class", but this is not a blunt copy of the pronunciation of Mandarin. Because Cantonese itself has two systems of official pronunciation and vernacular pronunciation. Mandarin pronunciation is used to read articles. Therefore, the broadcast on public transportation is not blunt, copying the pronunciation of Mandarin, but the official pronunciation of Cantonese. If it is not read in the official language, the audience will feel very strange and informal.

Guangzhou people also often have foreign languages in conversation, such as "bus", "taxi", "motorcycle", saying "bye- more than "goodbye". Influenced by The Cantonese language in Hong Kong, young people often mix simple English, such as "de la" as "OK".

>> A-02

【Nanfanshun dialect】

Because today's Guangzhou, Panyu and Nanhai are very closely linked both geographically and historically - the three place names of Guangzhou, Panyu and Nanhai are all represented in the same place in history, so the dialects of Guangzhou, Panyu and Nanhai today are relatively close, but many words in Shunde are pronounced differently from other places, for example: "concave" does not read [nɐp] but reads [niːp]; "Eating" is not called "rice" but "jɑːk] rice". There are also many different dialects in the Foshan area alone, such as Shiwan dialect, Jiujiang dialect, and Xiqiao dialect, mainly some pronunciation and language differences. The difference in tone between Shunde dialect (Daliangyin) and Cantonese dialect is mainly the difference in the fourth tone of Cantonese, and the fourth tone value of Shunde dialect is 32 (21 in Cantonese), which is higher than that of Cantonese.

The vowels are basically the same as those in Cantonese. Differences between rhymes and Cantonese are scattered: such as "matter", Shunde dialect [sü6], Cantonese [si6]; "Xian" Shunde [hem4], Cantonese [ham4] (Note: these two fourth tones are actually different). However, in recent years, with the development of mass media, Shunde dialect has a tendency to move closer to Guangzhou dialect, especially on the rhyme mother, such as "thing" issued into Cantonese [si6], "salty" pronounced into [ham4] (the tone is still the fourth sound of Shunde dialect). (The following sources: The author was born and lived in the local area for more than 50 years, the description is all life experience) In fact, the use area of Shunde dialect also exceeds the Shunde region, the most typical Shunde dialect is represented by Shunde Daliang Town, and the towns in Shunde have certain differences, among them, the intonation context of the area south of Lunjiao Town to Ronggui Town is similar to that of Daliang dialect, and the regional tone north of Beijiao Town is slightly lower. The accents spoken by zhongshan xiaolan, Dongfeng, Nantou, Huangpu, Triangle, and Renmin are not much different from Shunde dialects, and the accents in most parts of Panyu are similar to those of Shunde. Shunde Beijiao has exactly the same accent as the Panyu Zhongcun. Shunde Longjiang and Foshan Chancheng District Zumiao Street, Shiwan, Lanshi, Nanhai Pingzhou accent is also very similar. In addition, the tone of the language of the people on the water in the Pearl River Delta is also similar to that of shunde dialect. Zhongshan's "Saltwater Song", Shunde's "Shout Four Sentences" and "Dragon Boat Minor" are all sung in a Shunde accent. Historically, Shunde has produced many Cantonese opera celebrities.

>> A-03

【Xiangshan dialect】

Shiqi dialect is mainly popular in the area south of Shiqi in zhongshan city, Guangdong Province, and is similar to Guangzhou dialect, but it is not the same. The names or general terms of some things have a unique side to the Cantonese dialect. Zhongshan Shiqi people fully understand how to listen to and speak Cantonese, but Guangzhouns or Hong Kong people do not fully understand Shiqi dialect. For example, in the Cantonese dialect "瞓覺" (meaning sleep), "瞓覺" is also used in the Shiqi dialect, but it is generally called "寐覺" (寐这里 pronounced "squint" [mī]). Ishiki describes a person as lazy with the idiom "eating and sleeping and sitting". The Cantonese dialect "tou xian" (just meaning) and Shiqi dialect are also used, but mostly called "near" (pronounced "gɒn si]) and "啱先". In addition, Shiqi dialect is also somewhat different from Guangzhou dialect in terms of accent, for example, hekou characters do not have a light lip tone; Cantonese dialect with vowel f xiao vowel or cassette vowel in Shiqi dialect with h as vowel, such as fans, Shiqi dialect read hon-sin; Overcoming, ishiki pronounced kaak-huk.

After the end of the 1970s, due to Hong Kong television, Shiqi dialect continued to move closer to Cantonese, and many old pronunciation and vocabulary usage gradually decreased and disappeared. For example, in the pronunciation of the above-mentioned Hekou characters, later generations began to pronounce the Hekou Xiaomu character as a light lip sound in Guangzhou dialect, and as the above-mentioned "Sleep" was used more and more frequently, it was gradually replaced by "Zhi Jue". "Lower room" (kitchen), "silver coin" (yuan common name, "two silver coins" is two yuan) these old-fashioned Shiqi dialect new generation of Zhongshan people have rarely used.

>> A-04

【Wuzhou dialect】

Wuzhou Cantonese belongs to cantonese films, which is very close to Guangzhou dialect. It is mainly distributed in Wuzhou City, Guiping City, and its subordinate Mapi, Nanmu, Jintian, Jiangkou, etc., Pingnan County Da'an, Danzhu, Wulin 3 towns, Cangwu County, He County and nearby. The internal differences are small. Represented by Wuzhou dialect, the speech system has 21 vowels and 46 vowels.

>> A-05

【Cantonese from Hong Kong and Macao】

Hong Kong Cantonese refers to the Cantonese language used by Hong Kong officials, media, and hong Kong urban areas, the pronunciation is Cantonese pronunciation, and the vocabulary of proprietary names is different from the Guangzhou dialect, but it does not affect the communication between the two sides, and it is not easy to detect in life. The Cantonese language of Macao has long been influenced by the Cantonese language of Hong Kong, so it is completely consistent, and the foreign languages use more English foreign languages, while Portuguese foreign languages are rare. Before 1997, a considerable number of people in Hong Kong still called Cantonese and Vernacular; After 1997, Cantonese and Cantonese were basically used as the official names of Cantonese and Hong Kong. However, in recent years, there have been many doubts about the name "Cantonese" (see Cantonese), and in order to avoid name conflicts, it is also called Cantonese.

The local Cantonese language in Hong Kong's New Territories is dominated by Wanbao Film Wai Tau.

In Hong Kong before 1949, due to the mixed settlement of Cantonese and Hakka, the Hong Kong dialect had a strong Cantonese-Hakka mixed accent (that is, Hong Kong Hakka and Hong Kong Cantonese influenced each other in tone and vocabulary).

After 1949, the Hong Kong accent presented a situation where a variety of Cantonese accents coexisted, that is, there were the above-mentioned cases of Cantonese accents mixed and used, such as "thing" reading "tree" and "place" reading "forgiveness".

In the 1980s, a large number of lazy tones began to appear in the Hong Kong accent, with the disappearance of nasal sounds (i.e., n/l indistinguishable) and the disappearance of w tones being the most significant. Some young people pronounce "you" [nei] and "I" [ŋɔ] as [lei] and [ɔ].

Misread "country" [gwɔk] as "angle" [gɔk] and "pass" [gwɔ] as "individual" [gɔ]. One theory is that this phenomenon seems to be related to a large number of immigrants, for whom there is little difference in the pronunciation of n/l, and in most cases confusion between the two does not bring serious communication barriers, so when they come to Hong Kong to learn this new dialect, they often choose the difficulty and dilute some of the indistinguishable pronunciation differences. This is also known as the "immigration theory", which has also appeared in the evolution of Taiwanese Chinese and American English. On the other hand, the fast pace of life in Hong Kong, the young people's conversation is too urgent to ignore some sounds, and the television media does not pay attention to oral misreading, which eventually leads to young people spreading false rumors. On the other hand, residents of Guangzhou's old town have clear and standard pronunciation, and even if they watch Hong Kong TV every day, they have not changed their accent.

However, before the 1980s, the mass media still tried their best to avoid lazy sounds on radio and television programs, and to this day, some Hong Kong linguists have repeatedly attacked lazy sounds and proposed the Cantonese orthodox movement, but lazy sounds seem to have become the characteristics of Hong Kong Cantonese, and in most mass media and singer performances, lazy voices have repeatedly appeared in the mouths of the generation born in the 1970s and 1980s. But overall, the Hong Kong dialect is still very close to the Guangzhou dialect.

English is more popular in Hong Kong, coupled with the fact that Hong Kong usually came into contact with new foreign things earlier than the mainland, the lower classes who did not know English in the past would spell out everyday English vocabulary in Cantonese, so english loanwords in Hong Kong Cantonese were very common. For example: "the pan plumber" is called "foreman", "brake" is called "brake", "bearing" is called "bearing", "strawberry" is called "strawberry" and so on. Many elderly people still call "stamps" "stamps" and "insurance" "yan combs" (insurance) and so on. In addition, Hong Kong people call male teachers and male police officers "Sir" and female teachers "Miss". These authentic terms may confuse cantonese speakers from outside the world.

There is a view that it is more reasonable to use the "lazy tone" that is now popular in Hong Kong as the standard standard for the difference between Cantonese and Cantonese. Distinguish between Hong Kong standard Cantonese and Cantonese with the use of "Cantonese Phonics in English", such as Guangzhou called "Site PipeMan", Hong Kong called "Kewen", and Foshan translated into "Text", there will be a Foshan standard Cantonese. This division is not valid from a linguistic point of view, because its pronunciation is exactly the same and the words are not exclusive. In fact, before the opening of Hong Kong, Guangzhou already used foreign languages, and today's foreign languages may not all be created by Hong Kong.

Due to the large number of Hong Kong people emigrating overseas in the 1980s and 1990s, the overseas Cantonese language was also influenced by the Hong Kong dialect, and the standard Cantonese language in the world was established, and the pronunciation and grammar standards were still Cantonese. In everyday language and news, Hong Kong-style terms such as "bursting" (rapidly surpassing) and "luke" (swiping card) also appear. In addition, there are often differences in the terminology of life in Guangdong and Hong Kong (China and Hong Kong).

>> B

【Wanbao Cantonese】

Guanbao Cantonese includes Dongguan dialect and Bao'an dialect (Shenzhen's local Cantonese is Guanbao dialect, and guangzhou dialect and Mandarin are spoken in urban areas), the former is based on Guancheng dialect and the latter is Based on Weitou dialect. Someone merged The Guanbao film into the Guangdong film. But in fact, there are great difficulties in communicating between the Wanbao dialect and the Cantonese dialect (for example, in the movie "I Love Twisted Chai", there are many cross-head dialogues, and many Hong Kong people living in the urban area cannot understand these dialogues), and it is more in line with the facts to separate the Guanbao films.

>> B-01

【Dongguan dialect】

Dongguan dialects include Dongguan dialect and Yan dialect. The latter does not belong to Guanbao Cantonese. Dongguan dialect is based on Guancheng dialect. Guancheng dialect and Cantonese accents are very different. It is difficult for untrained Cantonese to understand Guancheng dialect without adaptation; On the contrary, the elderly in Guancheng, who rarely have contact with Guangzhou dialect, also have certain difficulties in communicating with Guangzhou people.

>> B-02

【Bao'an dialect】

The Bao'an dialect is also known as the Weitou dialect because this dialect is commonly used in the villages in this area. This dialect is spoken in Fuyong, Songgang and Shajing in Bao'an District of Shenzhen, Pinghu in Longgang District, parts of Nantou in Nanshan District, and Jintian in Hong Kong's New Territories. There are also dozens of natural villages in Shenzhen that also speak The Head, such as Shuiwei, Shangsha, Xiasha, Shawei, Shazui, Shixia, Meilin, Huanggang, Xinzhou, Futian, Gangxia, Shangbu, Chiwei, and so on. These head-to-head words are completely consistent with the head-to-head words of Kam Tin in the New Territories of Hong Kong.

>> C

【Luo Guang Cantonese】

Luoguang Cantonese is distributed in Zhaoqing, Sihui, Luoding, Guangning, Huaiji, Fengkai, Deqing, Yunan, Yangshan, Lianzhou, Lianshan and other counties and cities. Represented by the Zhaoqing dialect. Although all the pronunciation and vocabulary of Luoguang Cantonese are close to the Guangzhou dialect pieces, they still retain the characteristics of the early ancient language in terms of tone. If there is a significant difference between the high-low tone and the high-flat tone, the yin-tone tone must be re-read (the key value is similar to the fourth tone of Mandarin). There is almost no lazy sound prevalent in Cantonese, [n], [l] sound distinction; All words that do not begin with vowels are crowned with vowels [ŋ], ke [ŋɔ1], dwarf [ŋɐi2], ya [ŋa3], love [ŋɔi3], evil [ŋɔk3].

>> D

【Siyi Cantonese】

The Siyi dialect refers to the dialects of Xinhui, Enping, Kaiping, Taishan and other places, of which Taishan dialect is represented. Half of the people in Zhuhai speak the Siyi dialect (especially in the Doumen area), while other regions use Cantonese in Xiangshan, but the two have slowly merged and are the closest to the Guangzhou dialect in the Siyi dialect.

The Siyi dialect is one of the dialects in the Cantonese system that is most different from the Guangzhou dialect. According to the research of linguists, four hundred years ago, some Fujian people moved from Putian in Fujian Province to the Siyi area by sea, and merged with the local Cantonese and a small number of descendants of the Nanyue ethnic group, as well as a small number of Hakka families who later moved into Siyi to form a unique Siyi dialect. It can be considered that Siyi dialect is a Cantonese language developed by the local Cantonese language of hundreds of years ago, which was influenced by Hokkien and Hakka. This view can be corroborated by the pronunciation and vocabulary of the Siyi dialect.

Due to the large voice gap, the average Cantonese can only understand about 30% or 40% of the Cantonese conversations of Siyi. Therefore, in the past, the Siyi people of Hong Kong have maintained a different ethnic identity from the Cantonese.

The Si Yi people came to work in the city of Hong Kong in the early days of the opening of the port, maintaining a high degree of unity within the ethnic group, so that their language was preserved. Like other ethnic groups, Hong Kong's Siyi-speaking families began to switch to Cantonese in the 1970s as their ethnic views faded. Affected by the strong radiation of Guangfu, the Siyi people in the Pearl River Delta region have gradually developed Cantonese identity.

>> E

【Gaoyang Cantonese】

The Gaoyang dialect is mainly distributed in the Yangjiang and Leizhou Peninsulas.

>> F

【Yongxun Cantonese】

Yongxun Cantonese is widely distributed in Guangxi, in addition to Nanning and surrounding areas, Baise and Longzhou Cantonese in western Guangxi are also Yongxun tablets. It is mainly popular in towns with convenient transportation on both sides of Yongzhou and Xunzhou (guiping city), such as Nanning city and Yongning County, Chongzuo County, Ningming County, Heng County, Guiping City's subordinate townships, Pingnan County and other county towns, as well as parts of Liuzhou City. Take Nanning City as the representative point. However, due to the influx of a large number of foreign people since the 1980s, coupled with the Nanning Municipal Government's language and cultural policy of weakening local dialects and promoting Mandarin, the population of Nanning dialect in Nanning has dropped significantly, and the population of Nanning dialect has dropped sharply to less than 30%. The representative accent of Yongxun Cantonese has actually migrated to the townships under Guiping City, which was called "Xunzhou" in ancient times. There are also quite a few people who are worried that Nanning dialect has in fact become a dead language.

>> G

【Outline Cantonese】

The Cantonese language is mainly distributed in 13 counties and cities in Yulin and Wuzhou (except for Pingnan County and Guiping County). The phonology is complex, with 10 tones and a pronounced implosion. Some words have lost nasal endings, such as "two" pronounced [lar].

And the vocabulary is also very distinctive. It is quite different from Guangzhou dialect, and it is difficult for the two sides to communicate in dialogue. Cantonese in the Huaiji area of Guangdong is also a hook piece. Representatives of Cantonese are Yulin dialect, Guangning dialect, Huaiji dialect, Fujian dialect and so on.

>> H

【QinLian Cantonese】

Qinlian Cantonese is mainly distributed in Qinzhou City, Hepu County (formerly known as Lianzhou), Pubei County, Fangcheng County, Lingshan County and Beihai City.

>> I

【Wuhua Cantonese】

>> I-01

【Wuchuan dialect】

Wuchuan dialect is distributed in Wuchuan City and Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province.

>> J

【Yanjia dialect】

The definition of Yanjia is controversial in academic circles, saying that it is the self-designation of fishermen in coastal areas and the self-designation of "Guangdong people on the water". Also known as Shuijia dialect, it is commonly used in the shuijia dialect of Liangguang; However, there are also a small number of fishermen along the coast of Zhejiang and Fujian who call themselves "Yanjia", but the language they speak is very different from that of the two Guangdong people. The Dialect of Yanjia and Cantonese dialect can be interchanged, but the dialect of Yanjia is obvious. There has been some controversy in the academic community about the genus of Yanjia dialect, one saying that it is believed that Yanjia dialect belongs to Cantonese, and the other saying that Yanjia dialect is self-contained.

>> K

【Dongjiang Local Dialect】

Dongjiang dialect is a group of indigenous languages in the middle and upper reaches of the Dongjiang River Basin, mainly distributed in Huizhou and Heyuan. Dongjiang dialect has the characteristics of both Cantonese and Hakka dialects, and there is controversy over the classification and attribution. There is little specialization in the dongjiang dialect in the academic circles, and traditionally the Dongjiang dialect is generally incorporated into the Hakka dialect Cantonese chinese film, and some scholars classify the Dongjiang dialect as the Cantonese Huihe film. In recent years, Liu Shuxin and others have made systematic research on the local dialect of Dongjiang, believing that this group of indigenous languages is older than Hakka dialects and is the local language before Hakka moved into central And eastern Guangdong.

Have a close relationship with Cantonese; Later, the Hakka dialect, which migrated into the mainstream language of central and eastern Guangdong on a large scale, was continuously assimilated, forming a group of indigenous languages that are close to Hakka today and retain the typical characteristics of Cantonese to varying degrees, and thus classify the local dialect of Dongjiang as Cantonese [2]. Some mainstream Hakka speakers refer to the Dongjiang dialect as "snake dialect" (or "she dialect"), which is slightly pejorative. Typical Dongjiang dialects are represented by Huizhou dialect (Huicheng dialect) and Longmen dialect.

>> L

【Huizhou local dialect】

Huizhou local dialect has many characteristics of Cantonese and Hakka dialects, and is the most famous typical representative of Dongjiang local dialect. Some advocate classifying it as a Hakka Dongjiang local film, while others advocate classifying it as a Cantonese Huihe film (or Dongjiang film).

>> M

【Longmen Local】

Longmen dialect is a type of Dongjiang dialect and is generally classified as a Cantonese dialect. There are also those classified as Hakka dialect Dongjiang tablets. In fact. Longmen dialect has both characteristics and can be regarded as the product of the mutual penetration of Cantonese and Hakka dialects.

>> N

【Danzhou dialect】

Danzhou dialect also belongs to the Cantonese dialect. It belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language system of Chinese Cantonese dialect system. More than 1.2 million people use it, mainly distributed in the coastal areas of Danzhou, Sanya, Changjiang, Dongfang and other cities and counties

>> O

【Guinan Ping dialect】

In recent years, there have been attempts to separate Guinan Ping dialect from Cantonese, but compared with many common points with other Cantonese dialects, a few points of difference are difficult to prove the independence of Guinan Ping dialect.

>> P

【Some fading, rare Cantonese dialects】

Cantonese in the southern Guangdong region, with the expansion of urbanization, some rare Cantonese dialects have disappeared. Taking the Siyi dialect in wuyi area (formerly called Siyi, now adding Heshan to Wuyi) as an example, Jiangmen, Xinhui, Heshan, Taishan and other places should belong to the range of cantonese dialects with the most rarity, and there was once a village and a dialect. This is rare in the entire southern Guangdong region, and according to some uncertain considerations, it is related to the historical village settlement culture.

Take Laojiangmen as an example (Jiangmen Cantonese dialect is collectively known as Siyi dialect, North Street dialect, Shuinan dialect, once belonged to a relatively wide range of small dialects in jiangmen urban area, North Street dialect accent is closer to Guangzhou dialect, but there is a significant difference with Guangzhou dialect, North Street dialect is obviously higher tone, heavy and soft, with a clear tail, with more than ten years of urban development, the current North Street dialect is basically only left in the older generation of people to pass, and even as a fading language. Shuinan dialect, the accent is more intense than the original Jiangmen dialect, but it has also completely faded in Jiangmen City with the large-scale urbanization of Shuinan villages. Baisha dialect is also an earlier language of Jiangmen dialect (it is not completely verified that it had faded in the early 1980s). At present, the rural dialect preserved in Jiangmen City is basically only left with a few people such as 'Waihai', 'Chaolian', 'Jiaotou Dialect', 'Lile Dialect' and so on, because although its villages are surrounded by urbanization, because the village system, landform, population, etc. remain intact, the language can still be preserved for a long time. The above description of several languages, once only existed in a radius of about ten kilometers or so around the area around the city of Jiangmen, but the accents are very different.

Xinhui (now under the jurisdiction of Jiangmen, formerly a single city) is a relatively multilingual and large-scale area, once 'Lotus Pond', 'Tangxia', 'Daze', 'Ozawa', 'Siqian', 'Shuangshui' and other subordinate townships have their own most unique pronunciation dialects (overseas Chinese in addition to Taishan dialect, these dialects should also be no stranger, 'Shuangshui dialect' in the overseas sphere of influence still exists. ), and the "New Conversation" dialect is still retained in the urban area of Xinhui itself. Moreover, throughout the Xinhui area, there are still some small village dialects, but they have disappeared as the villages have faded.

This small dialect based on villages and townships is a feature of the Cantonese branch, but why Cantonese produces too many fission branches in a small area has not been examined, but urbanization has indeed faded some of the dialects that were once widespread.

Source: Cantonese engaged in earthquakes