Say two good words for Wu Sangui

Since ancient times, history's evaluation of Wu Sangui has been negative, and the Wu Sangui recorded in the history books is a traitor and traitor, a traitor and thief, and a tyrant in a chaotic world. It makes sense for history to record it in this way, because history is written by man, and the history written by a historian is directly related to his own love and hate.

Looking at what Wu Sangui did in his life, almost no one did not scold him. Li Zicheng scolded him for taking the Jiangshan he had already acquired; Zhang Xianzhong's generals scolded him for exterminating himself; the Ming Dynasty Yu Dang scolded him for pursuing and killing him endlessly until he hanged the last southern Ming emperor; the Qing Dynasty scolded him for rebelling and rebelling; the Tusi class scolded him for changing the land and returning to the stream to seize his power; the people scolded him for first causing chaos and then the Three-Hundred Rebellion, which led to the destruction of life and the people's livelihood; the revolutionaries in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China scolded him for helping the Qing Dynasty to enter the Central Plains, so that modern China was humiliated by the great powers.

Such a man, it is almost impossible for history to say good things about him. However, objectively speaking, Wu Sangui, as the earth emperor of Yunnan, from 1658 to 1678, rebelled against the Qing Dynasty, led his troops out of Yunnan, and ruled Yunnan for 20 years, during which he did some specific things for The social stability, economic development, and infrastructure construction of Yunnan, which can also be said to be a good thing.

Politically, he worked hard to promote the return of land to the stream and realize the unification of political power. Since the Yuan Dynasty, Yunnan has implemented the toast system, and the central government has granted seal letters by appointing local ethnic minority leaders as messengers, envoys, and appeasement envoys, and ordered them to exercise rule over the areas under their jurisdiction on behalf of the state. The advantage of the toast system is that through this system, toast is placed under the local administrative system, and the orderly rule of ethnic minority areas is achieved. The problem is that in addition to the original privileges, toast also has the privileges granted by the state, and as the strength of toast grows, its desire for power also expands, and the toastmasters begin to fight for the expansion of land and population, and their sense of obedience to the country also changes with the growth of their own strength. The local ethnic minority people are also accustomed to doing things under the command of toastmasters. For example, the Mu clan of the Tu prefect of Lijiang, Yunnan, also set up official cards in the jurisdiction, and if there is no order from the toast, no one is allowed to trespass, even the envoys of the court must also be agreed by the toast, which is like the emperor of the earth.

After Wu Sangui entered Yunnan, he vigorously advocated "changing the land and returning to the stream", that is, replacing the toast with a self-appointed exile official to implement local management. With the support of the Qing Dynasty, he repeatedly sent troops to attack the powerful Toasts in various places, especially the powerful Tusi in the east. After the land reform and repatriation, the social order and management system were reformed, the government decrees were smoothed, the turmoil was quickly calmed, a large number of displaced people returned, and the production mode and production technology were improved, which promoted social stability and economic development in Yunnan.

Wu Sangui is committed to the development of Yunnan economy. In order to stimulate the peasants' enthusiasm for production, he temporarily exempted the peasants from taxes, used military grain and rice to help the poor, distributed cattle and seeds, and supervised the cultivation of crops on time. In 1661, a decree was clearly promulgated: "Those who have a master in the wasteland shall be reclaimed by the lord, and those who have no owner shall be reclaimed by the people." In the three years of the Kangxi Dynasty alone, Yunnan successfully reclaimed 2459 hectares of wasteland. It is also stipulated that the taxation will not begin until six years after the newly opened wasteland. At the same time, the special land of the Weishou (military reclamation) was abolished, and the people cultivated it, and the official village (guantian) was changed to civilian land, and the private land was expanded. Vigorously popularize the advanced farming methods in the interior, change the "two cattle and three husbands" to "one cattle and one husband", implement rotational planting in the two seasons of small spring and large spring, and expand the variety of crops. In order to meet the requirements of the broad masses of peasants in developing production, vigorous construction of water conservancy has played a guarantee role in agricultural production.

In order to develop the mining industry, Wu Sangui implemented the measures of "listening to the people mining" and "releasing the capital to collect copper" to promote the recovery of copper mining and smelting production. He recruited a wide range of talents, developed more complex minting techniques, and improved the level of mining and smelting. Widely open salt mines, open bans, and promote the circulation of salt. In addition, a large number of silver, iron, tin, lead and other minerals are also mined.

In order to develop trade, Wu Sangui opened a trading port in Yongsheng to do business with the Dalai Lama in Tibet, exchanging Yunnan tea for Mongolian horses. Soldiers were also sent to long-distance trafficking of Liaodong ginseng and Huang Lian and his appendages from Sichuan to Yunnan. He lent a large amount of money to merchants for capital use, and also revitalized the funds.

Wu Sangui vigorously developed transportation. As early as the time of the conquest of Nanming, he suffered from transportation difficulties. After Wang Dian, he set up a pond and a shop on the basis of the station (the Qing Dynasty station was divided into three parts: the station, the station, and the shop. Yi is the organization of the official government to receive guests and arrange the transportation of official goods. Stations are organizations that transmit important documents and military intelligence, and are dedicated to military systems. The shop is led by the local department, the state and county governments, and is responsible for the transmission of official documents and letters). And according to the original imperial court regulations, on the basis of about one hundred station men per station, there were more than one hundred people on the grounds that there were many mountainous roads in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Shu, and the heavy errands of the postmasters. Through these measures, the smooth operation of the Yunnan-Guizhou-Yunnan-Shuyi Road has been ensured, and the exchanges between Yunnan and the mainland have been increased.

In the process of returning to the land, Wu Sangui also set up Kaihua Province in Annam Changsi and other places to declare his authority to neighboring countries and maintain border security. The cohesion of the people towards the national government has been enhanced.

Wu Sangui carried out infrastructure construction in Kunming. He raised funds to rebuild the walls of Kunming, rebuild the Yuantong Temple, and dredge the Shima River. It also excavated a grain transport river more than ten miles long from Pudong, near China, to the edge of the city, and excavated a seal pond about a mile outside the Xiaoximen Gate. Before the pond was built, the grain boat entered the canal from Dianchi Lake and reached the seal pond, and the grain and rice entered the warehouse very conveniently. Therefore, in the area of Dianchi Lake in Xixi Prefecture, officials and merchants traveled to the lake, sailed away, gathered in the Seal Pond, and was very lively, known as the Big Wharf.

Wu Sangui also dismantled the army in large numbers and tried to ask the Qing government for money. In the seventeenth year of Qing Shunzhi alone, the Qing court allocated more than 9 million taels of silver to Yunnan, while the Annual Income of the Qing Government at that time was only 8.5 million taels of silver.

Wu Sangui did these things, subjectively he wanted to learn from the Ming Dynasty Mu family, to achieve generations of rule in Yunnan, so it is necessary to take the local social stability, economic development, and the support of the people as the foundation, and need to accumulate strength to compete with the Qing Dynasty, so that the Qing Dynasty cannot shake his rule. But these have objectively brought tangible benefits to Yunnan.

At that time, Yunnan society quickly recovered stability after the war, the economy developed rapidly, and Wu Sangui had the strength to cast the golden temple with 250 tons of copper, which cannot but be said to be his historical contribution to Yunnan.