immunofluorescence
First, bone tumors of different tissue types have different clinical processes and vary greatly in sensitivity to treatment. Among them, the pathogenesis of bone tumors is related to hereditary and environmental factors, and the development of modern molecular biology technology has provided great help for understanding the genetic abnormalities of bone and soft tissue tumors. Molecular detection techniques that can currently be used in bone tumor research include:
(1) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology: can detect gene abnormalities. These include abnormalities in tumor genes and tumor suppressor genes.
(2) Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) technique: Determine the transcription of mRNA. It is the main method for detecting fusion genes.
(3) Fluorescence or chromogenic in situ hybridization (FSH or CISH) technology: chromosomal specific DNA fragments (probes) are used to detect the amplification of chromosomal translocation genes, the rearrangement of genes, and the loss of tumor suppressor genes.
(4) Comparative genome hybridization technique (CGH): detection of chromosomal differences between tumor tissue and its corresponding normal tissue. It is particularly suitable for analyzing changes in the NUMBER of DNA sequence copies of bone tumors, for example, osteosarcomas often have complex karyotype changes, which is very difficult to apply ordinary chromosome analysis, while CGH can obtain complete tumor genomic DNA from fresh, frozen and even paraffin-embedded tissues for analysis.