In the October 19th issue of Zealotific Daily, we deciphered 9 articles focusing on: colorectal cancer, risk prediction, susceptibility genes, intelligent colonoscopy, ctDNA, poplarin, metformin, yogurt, dietary thiamine, miRNA markers
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >nature sub-journal: Intelligent colonoscopy may become possible</h1>
Nature Machine Intelligence——[N/A]
(1) Develop intelligent autonomously controlled magnetic flexible endoscopes (MFE) using machine vision to enable non-specialist users to perform a magnetic colonoscopy effectively; (2) MFE combined with robotics that allows simplified user input and image-based autonomous navigation to calculate MFE movements in real time based on the environment; (3) In 50 successful semi-autonomous replicates, the process of MFE from rectum to cecum has a machine autonomous operation time of up to 91%, including 12 complete programs; (4) The most common procedure that requires manual user operation is the use of a joystick located in the rectum for data entry; (5) MFE brings alternative endoscopic techniques closer to the translational stage, increasing the effectiveness of early cancer treatment.
【Editor-in-Chief's Comments】
Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) can greatly improve patient survival, but traditional endoscopy as the "gold standard" for CRC screening is largely limited due to its outdated design, high complexity, high cost, pain and other factors, and more than half of cases are delayed due to the need for colonoscopy. Research recently published in Nature Machine Intelligence has developed an intelligently autonomously controlled magnetic flexible endoscope (MFE) to overcome the high cost of traditional endoscopes and the resulting pain. MFE is easy to use, has strong autonomy, and does not require the professional degree of users to have high conversion potential. (@Hawthorn Xiaoyao)
【Original information】
Enabling the future of colonoscopy with intelligent and autonomous magnetic manipulation
2020-10-12, doi: 10.1038/s42256-020-00231-9
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > colorectal cancer risk prediction model or improve screening efficiency</h1>
Good——[19,819]
(1) Measure sociodemographic and physiological characteristics, medical and family history, lifestyle factors, link them to the latest findings, and create a risk score for each variable; (2) in a derivation set of 3025 participants, the incidence of advanced colorectal tumor (AN) was 9.4% ;(3) 13 variable models yielded three low, medium, and high risk groups with an AN risk of 1.5%, 7.06%, and 27.26%, respectively, including 23%, 59%, and 18% of the subjects, respectively; (4) In the validation set of 1475 participants (AN incidence of 8.4%), the AN risk was 2.73%, 5.57%, and 25.79%, respectively, and the proportion of participants was 23%, 59%, and 18%, respectively, in the low, medium, and high risk groups.
The study, published in Gut, created a risk prediction model for advanced colorectal tumors (AN) to help decide which test might be preferred for AN screening. The model has a higher resolution and identifies a low-risk subpopulation that can be non-invasively screened, as well as a higher-risk subpopulation with the option of colonoscopy. The model can help patients and providers choose between screening trials, improve screening efficiency, increase screening adherence and save resources for colonoscopy. (@Hawthorn Xiaoyao)
Derivation and validation of a predictive model for advanced colorectal neoplasia in asymptomatic adults
2020-09-29, doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321698
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the whole transcriptome association analysis of more than 120,000 people and found new colorectal cancer susceptibility genes</h1>
Gastroenterology——[17.373]
(1) Based on 284 transcriptome and genomic data of normal transverse colonic tissue, a gene expression prediction model was established; (2) combined with the prediction model and GWAS data, 25 genes associated with colorectal cancer risk (p<9.1 × 10^-6) ;( were identified in 58131 colorectal cancer patients and 67347 controls, including 4 newly identified risk loci: PYGL, RPL28, CAPN12, MYH7B; (4) in 9 known risk loci. Nine new risk genes were identified; (5) rs1741640, the mutation strongest associated with colorectal cancer risk, significantly reduced promoter activity of the CABLES2 gene, while knocking down CABLES2 promoted colorectal tumor growth.
A new study published in Gastroenterology, which conducted a full transcriptome association analysis of more than 120,000 people, including nearly 60,000 colorectal cancer patients, identified 25 colorectal cancer risk genes, including 4 new risk loci and 9 new risk genes located in 9 known risk loci. At the same time, rs1741640, the SNP found to be the strongest association with colorectal cancer risk, was verified and found to affect the promoter activity of the CABLES2 gene, which plays a key regulatory role in the growth of colorectal cancer cells. （@szx）
Identifying novel susceptibility genes for colorectal cancer risk from a transcriptome-wide association study of 125,478 subjects
2020-10-11, doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.062
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > domestic team: ctDNA can predict and detect the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer</h1>
Clinical Cancer Research——[10.107]
(1) 104 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and surgery, and the proportion of ctDNA detected before treatment, nCRT, before surgery and after surgery was 75%, 15.6%, 10.5% and 6.7% ;(2) 29 patients with complete pathological remission (ypCR) did not detect ctDNA before surgery; (3) Pathological tumor regression grade of ypCAP0-1 and its preoperative ctDNA positive rate was significantly lower than that of ypCAP2-3 group. The ypCR group was lower than the non-ypCR group and the ypT0-2 group was lower than the ypT3-4 group; (4) positive ctDNA at four time points was associated with shorter metastatic lifetime (MFS); and (5) median VAF of basal ctDNA mutation was an independent predictor of MFS.
Lin Guole of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Yang Ling of Beijing Guiinga Company and the team published an article at Clinical Cancer Research to test the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) of 104 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy and surgery, which proved that ctDNA is a real-time monitoring index that accurately reflects tumor burden, and the median VAF of baseline ctDNA is an independent predictor of metastasis-free survival (MFS). (@Love Choice)
Serial circulating tumor DNA in predicting and monitoring the effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer: a prospective multicenter study
2020-10-12, doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-2299
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Tianjin General Hospital + Nankai University: Poplarin may inhibit colorectal cancer</h1>
Theranostics——[8,579]
(1) When colorectal cancer (CRC) cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) interacts with actin-bound transferin (TAGLN), which participates in cytoskeletal remodeling and promotes malignant progression; (2) COMP is highly expressed in malignant CRC, which is positively correlated with TAGLN expression; (3) low expression of COMP inhibits CRC metastasis and invasion, and overexpression promotes EMT; (4) High-throughput molecular docking virtual screening results are found, Chrysin (flavonoids extracted from cornflower) can target COMP/TAGLN complexes according to structure; (5) chrysin inhibits CRC EMT, induces apoptosis of cancer cells, and inhibits malignant progression of CRC in vivo and in vivo.
The study by Wang Bangmao and Cao Hailong of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tao Sun and Cheng Yang of Nankai University, published in Theranostics, found that cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) interacts with actin-binding transferin (TAGLN) to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Through the virtual screening of high-throughput molecular docking in the traditional Chinese medicine database, it was found that poplarin can target COMP/TAGLN complex and inhibit CRC cell growth and EMT in vivo and in vitro. (@Hawthorn Xiaoyao)
Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by interacting with Transgelin in Colorectal Cancer
2020-07-09, doi: 10.7150/thno.44456
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Renji Hospital: A new mechanism of metformin anti-colorectal cancer</h1>
EBioMedicine——[5.736]
(1) Multiple colorectal cancer-related strains were identified by comparing the fecal flora of 42 colorectal cancer patients and 51 healthy controls; (2) 18 studies were summarized to identify 131 genera changes resulting from metformin treatment, including 5 colon cancer-related bacteria: Bacteroides, Streptococcus, Colorless Bacillus, Alistipes and Clostridium; (3) In vitro, metformin inhibited the growth of Clostridium nucleus; (4) In APCmin/+ mice, Metformin treatment inhibits colorectal tumor formation and increases in nucleated nucleated Clostridium tumors, and (5) The inhibitory effect of metformin on colorectal tumors is related to its effect on Alistipes et al.
Metformin regulates the intestinal flora. A new study by Xiong Hua and Fang Jingyuan from Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in EBioMedicine found that in vitro, metformin inhibits the growth of Nucleated Clostridium, while in mouse models of colorectal cancer, metformin regulates the relative abundance of colorectal cancer-related bacteria and inhibits Clostridium nucleated nucleated rectal tumor formation. （@szx）
Metformin elicits antitumour effect by modulation of the gut microbiota and rescues Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced colorectal tumourigenesis
2020-10-09, doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103037
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > can drinking more yogurt prevent and alleviate colorectal cancer? </h1>
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition——[6.766]
(1) Participants who consumed yogurt more frequently were older and more health-conscious, such as more frequent exercises, more likely to have colonoscopies, and a healthier diet; (2) in age-adjusted analyses, baseline (observed starting points) of yogurt intake was associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer; (3) after adjusting for potential confounding factors, the statistically significant correlation was limited to proximal colon cancer; (4) incubation period analysis showed that the most important opportunistic period for preventing colorectal cancer was prevented by adjusting yogurt consumption over the past 16-20 years; (5) When yogurt consumption was constantly updated, there was no significant reverse trend between yogurt intake and colorectal cancer mortality.
Drinking yogurt regularly may help maintain a good gut microbiome and gut health. The latest study, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, explores the relationship between yogurt and colorectal cancer incidence/mortality. The study's annual follow-up of 3,393,373 participants between 1980 and 2012 found that regular drinking of yogurt reduced the risk of proximal colon cancer and had a long incubation period. There is no clear reverse trend between yogurt consumption and colorectal cancer mortality. (@Hawthorn Xiaoyao)
Yogurt consumption and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study
2020-10-06, doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa244
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Science sub-journal: Dietary thiamine may affect the effect of leukemia chemotherapy</h1>
Science Advances——[13.116]
(1) Under L-asparaginase (ASNase) treatment, the synthesis pathway from glutamine uptake to asparagine is a necessary way to maintain the proliferation of acute leukemia (ALL) cells; (2) under ASNase treatment, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) can synthesize asparagine from scratch and maintain cell proliferation; (3) TPP substrate thiamine, which usually does not limit cell proliferation, but the cells grow poorly in a low-thiamine environment, which is characterized by low expression of the thiamine transporter SLC19A2; (4) SLC19A2 expression was a determinant of cell growth at physiologically relevant thiamine concentrations, and (5) Dietary thiamine supplementation in mice enhanced the sensitivity of SLC19A2 low-expression cells to ASNase.
Tumor environmental influences anti-tumor therapy responses, but which extracellular nutrients affect drug sensitivity is unclear. L-Asparaginase (ASNase) is a first-line chemotherapy agent for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The study, published in Science Advances, found that utilization of thiamine is a determinant of the response of some cancer cells to ASNase, and that an excessive supply of vitamins may affect the response to leukemia treatment. (@Hawthorn Xiaoyao)
Dietary thiamine influences l-asparaginase sensitivity in a subset of leukemia cells
2020-10-09, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7120
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > miRNA markers to detect people at high risk of gastric cancer</h1>
(1) Retrospective analysis of 578 candidate miRNAs in 682 subjects to discover and validate gastric cancer (GC) biomarkers through comprehensive serum miRNA profiling; (2) The method was based on 12 miRNA biomarker panels (12-miR) with a curved area (AUC) of 0.93 and 0.92, respectively, in the discovery and validation cohort; (3) Sensitivity and specificity of 12-miR were 87.0% and 68.4% ;(4) in prospective studies 12- The AUC of the miR distinguishing GC and matching normal controls was 0.848, which was higher than that of METHODs such as CEA; (5) the estimated number of screening (NNS) required to confirm a GC case with 12-miR per year was 489, which was more economical than the current method.
The recent study, published in Gut, developed a serum microRNA biomarker panel for identifying patients with gastric cancer at all stages from high-risk populations. The sensitivity and specificity of this 12-miR detection method is higher, and the detection accuracy is higher than that of Helicobacter pylori (HP) serology, serum pepsinogen (PG) 1/2 ratio, PG index, "ABC" method, carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen 19–9. (@Hawthorn Xiaoyao)
Development and validation of a serum microRNA biomarker panel for detecting gastric cancer in a high-risk population
2020-10-07, doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322065
Thanks to the creators of this issue of the daily: Hawthorn Xiaoyao, Szx, Love Choice, Unbroken
Click to read the daily newspaper for the past 10 days:
10-18 | 13 annual "strongest" nutrition reviews: frontier hotspots of panoramic scanning
10-17 | 8 high-level reviews: A glance at recent dried gut goods
10-16 | Latest Cell: Ancient famine, modern pro-chronic disease genes
10-15 | Grounding: Introduce forest microbes into nurseries, or promote children's health
10-14 | New and old drugs and mechanisms, 5 studies focused on the latest advances in IBD treatment
10-13 | Cao Kun's team GUT posted: metabolic imbalance, bowel cancer is prone to occur!
10-12 | Using prebiotics and probiotics to combat colorectal cancer, the Wuhan team reports a new approach
10-11 | Can drinking tea prevent cancer? A review of 113 studies included gave positive cues
10-10 | Diseases are different, but the "bad" flora is similar? Large sample analysis of China was published
10-09 | How can people with cirrhosis avoid malnutrition? 20-point journals issue key guidance