The Ming Dynasty had three great talents: Xie Jin, Yang Shen, and Xu Wei, and although these three were not in the same era, their names were like thunder. Coincidentally, all three talents have a tragic life. Among them, the most tragic ending is Xie Jin.
Xie Jin was born in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, and once sat in the position of "first assistant to the cabinet" during the Yongle period, Zhu Di once said bluntly:
"The world cannot be without me for a day, and I cannot be relieved for a day!"
Meaning, the Ming Dynasty could have done without me, but I couldn't have without the assistance of Xie Jin!
It turns out that the emperor's words are indeed not to be trusted. Later, Xie Jin was demoted out of the capital, and Zhu Di did not have Xie Jin's assistance, and he was still a generation of British lords. However, Xie Jin lost Zhu Di's trust and became a generation of tragedies from then on.
Xie Jin has been hung by Zhu Yuanzhang for 8 years, abandoned by Zhu Di for 8 years, this article, the author will share Xie Jin with you, I hope that through this article, to show you a different talent.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="11" >, was snubbed by Zhu Yuanzhang</h1>
During the Ming Dynasty, Jiangxi had such a couplet, and the upper link was: a bowl of clear tea to quench the thirst of the Yuan.
This pair of couplets is wonderful in that there are three "solution" words in a row, and the pronunciation and meaning are different. And the birth of this couplet is related to reconciliation.
In the 20th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, the 18-year-old Xie Jin participated in the Jiangxi Provincial Township Examination, not only won the lift, but also came out on top, ranking first (Xie Yuan). On the way back to his hometown, he asked an old man for a cup of water to quench his thirst. The old man asked Xie Jin's identity, and Xie Jin was proud of the spring wind and called himself "Xie Xie Yuan". The old man was displeased in his heart, and wanted to frustrate the sharpness of the jin, so he came out of the above couplet. The first "solution", pronounced [jiě], means quenching thirst; the second "solution", pronounced [xiè], is Xie Jin's surname; the third "solution", read [jiè], "Xie Yuan" is the first place in the ancient Keju township examination.
Xie Jin thought hard and meditated, and for a moment he couldn't get out of the lower link.
Xie Jin was a native of Jishui, Jiangxi, during the Ming Dynasty, jiangxi province was full of talents, the first few imperial examinations of the Ming Dynasty were all Jiangxi people, and in addition, 5 of Zhu Di's first 7 cabinets were Jiangxi people, including Xie Jin.
The 35th Chronicle of the Ming Dynasty records:
Xie Jin, the word gentleman, Ji Shui people. Zu Ziyuan was a judge of Fuzhou in Yuan'an. Soldiers are in turmoil, and shouyi dies. Father Kai, Taizu tasted to summon the Yuanshi. If you want to be official, resign.
Xie Jin, the character gentleman, his grandfather was once an official of the Yuan Dynasty, Xie Jin's father's name was Xie Xie, and he was summoned by Zhu Yuanzhang many times. Xie Jin ranked second in the family, and he also had an older brother named Xie Lun.
Xie Jin, like most of the great talents, was a child prodigy when he was a child, and at the age of 12, he completed all the four books and five classics. Hongwu twenty years, 18-year-old Xie Jinzhongju, the next year into Beijing to catch the exam, in one fell swoop to pass the entrance examination.
Xie Jin was brilliant, and his poems and articles were second to none in the Hanlin Academy, and many scribes disobeyed Xie Jin, and finally lost to Xie Jin's fame. It is precisely because Xie Jin has the name of "great talent", so he has developed his arrogant and upright personality.
The Biography of Ming Shi Xie Jin says that "I see love very much, and I often serve the emperor before", and Zhu Yuanzhang loved Xie Jin very much and often let Xie Jin accompany him.
One day, Zhu Yuanzhang said to Xie Jin: "I met your father once, although we are both monarchs, we are like father and son, if you have any suggestions, you should know everything." ”
In fact, in the late Hongwu period, Zhu Yuanzhang could not listen too much to the opinions of others, and he could not take seriously what Xie Jin said.
After listening to Zhu Yuanzhang's words, he was very excited, and immediately wrote a "Book of Ten Thousand Words" to Zhu Yuanzhang when he returned home, advising Zhu Yuanzhang not to punish him too severely.
Zhu Yuanzhang received Xie Jin's "Ten Thousand Words Book" and reluctantly expressed his appreciation, Xie Jin thought that he had found a "shortcut", went home and continued to work hard, and wrote another "Ten Strategies for Taiping", which caused Zhu Yuanzhang's displeasure.
At this time, Shangshu Shen of the Bingbu Department wrote a letter to impeach Xie Jin, and Zhu Yuanzhang used the excuse to demote Xie Jin out of the capital and serve as the inspector of Jiangnan Province.
In the twenty-third year of Hongwu, Li Shanchang was implicated in the Hu Weiyong case and was reprimanded, and Xie Jin wrote a song from Jiangnan to defend Li Shanchang, which made Zhu Yuanzhang very dissatisfied. The following year, Zhu Yuanzhang summoned Xie Jin's father to unravel and said to him:
"If the great instrument is late, if the son returns, the benefit is to enter the school, and in the next ten years, the great use is not too late."
Zhu Yuanzhang means that your son belongs to the late adults of the great instrument, and it is not advisable to be too aggressive when he is young. If you take your son back now, let him study at home and settle down for ten years before it will be of great use.
Judging from Zhu Yuanzhang's words, he was very disapproving of Xie Jin's previous blind advice. At the same time, it can also be seen that Zhu Yuanzhang has a better understanding of Xie Jin's personality, and he believes that Xie Jin needs to "precipitate" for at least ten years.
Throughout ancient history, all people with great talents always have special characteristics in their personalities, and they enter their careers with their talents, but the officialdom cannot tolerate his edges and corners. Xie Jin, that's it.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="114" > second, it was ignored by Emperor Jianwen</h1>
Zhu Yuanzhang had planned to hang out for 10 years, but unfortunately, after 8 years, Zhu Yuanzhang died, so the "ten-year covenant" between Xie Jin and Zhu Yuanzhang was not achieved.
After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, Emperor Jianwen summoned Xie Jin back to Beijing, intending to reuse it. Unfortunately, due to the unfulfilled mourning period of Xie Jin's mother, in feudal society, those who were dissatisfied with the system and entered the service belonged to filial piety and had problems with private morality. Therefore, Emperor Jianwen demoted Xie Jin to Hezhou.
The ancients were cloudy, learned and excellent. Xie Jin was proud of his great talent and hoped to make a great achievement in his career, but he was unexpectedly hung out by Zhu Yuanzhang for 8 years, and he was already complaining. Now that he was once again belittled by Emperor Jianwen, his heart was even more aggrieved, and this grievance also laid the groundwork for Xie Jin's next choice.
Xie Jin was ignored by Emperor Jianwen for 3 years, until Jianwen was four years old, and finally ushered in a turnaround, this year, the 79-year-old rebbe attendant Dong Lun said to Emperor Jianwen:
Jin rate is easy to be crazy and foolish, there is no way to avoid, count the seals, what is said is heavy, in case of misfortune, there will be a strong length...
I have to say that Dong Lun is worthy of being an old minister of the two dynasties, he still knows Xie Jin better, Dong Lun means that Xie Jin is a person who is arrogant and arrogant, speaks directly, and is actually a person who can be reused. Emperor Jianwen listened to Dong Lun's advice and summoned Jie Jin back to Beijing to serve as a Hanlin emperor.
In fact, the so-called "Hanlin Zhizhao" was an official position from Jiupin at that time. That is to say, Emperor Jianwen summoned Xie Jin back to Beijing, most likely to give the Rebbe Waiter a face, not to recognize Xie Jin's ability.
When Xie Jin returned to the capital, the general environment of the Ming Dynasty was already very severe, when Zhu Di, the king of Yan, had already approached the city of Nanjing, and the artillery outside Nanjing was full of fire, and it was only a matter of time before the city gate was lost. Then, there are only two ways to wait for Xie Jin, one is to be loyal to Emperor Jianwen, and the other is to support Zhu Di, the King of Yan, how does Xie Jin choose?
According to the Biography of Ming Shi Wang Geng:
Yan Bing Bo Jingcheng... Xie Jin, Wu Pu and Gen, Jing Bi Sheju. The night before the fall of the city, all gathered in Pushe.
The day before the Yan king broke through the city gates, Xie Jin, together with his Fellow Jiangxi compatriots Wang Geng and Hu Guang, gathered at the home of another fellow, Wu Pu, to drink. That night, Xie Jin packed up his things and personally welcomed Zhu Di into the city.
I have previously written an article about Fang Xiaoru, and I have great respect for Fang Xiaoru and agree with his integrity. However, Xie Jin and Fang Xiaoru are not the same. First, Xie Jin was not reused during the Jianwen period, and he was extremely aggrieved in his heart, and he hoped to change the status quo. Second, Zhu Di attacked Nanjing, and Xie Jin did not need to bear any responsibility. These two points are the most different points between Xie Jin and Fang Xiaoru. Therefore, later generations did not make too many accusations against Xie Jin for defecting to Zhu Di.
Perhaps, in the subsection, Xie Jin was ashamed of Zhu Yunjiao, but in the general sense, he did not betray the Ming Dynasty.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="120" > third, deprecated by Zhu Di</h1>
When Zhu Di entered Beijing, there were many Hanlin wenchen who defected to Zhu Di with Xie Jin, including Yang Shiqi and Yang Rong in the later "Three Yangs".
Zhu Di had long heard of Xie Jin's name, and now Xie Jin took the initiative to support himself, and Zhu Di also attached great importance to Xie Jin in order to win over those Hanlin wenchen. The Biography of Ming Shi Xie Jin records:
Cheng zu entered the Beijing division and was promoted to read. Ordered to work with Huang Huai, Yang Shiqi, Hu Guang, Jin Youzi, Yang Rong, Hu Yu and Zhiwen Yuange, pre-aircraft maintenance. Cabinet advances have since begun.
This means that Zhu Di ordered seven people, Xie Jin, Huang Huai, Yang Shiqi, Hu Guang, Jin Youzi, Yang Rong, and Hu Yu, to enter the Wenyuan Pavilion to help themselves handle the affairs of the dynasty and participate in the details of the aircraft.
This is the earliest cabinet of the Ming Dynasty!
Since Zhu Yuanzhang abolished the system of prime ministers, the six ministries and nine secretaries needed to report directly to the emperor, which not only greatly increased the workload of the emperor, but also tested the emperor's ability to handle the government. A "genius" like Zhu Yuanzhang may be able to cope, but Zhu Di does not want to be tripped by the cumbersome government, he needs assistants. Therefore, a cabinet composed of seven people, including Xie Jin, was born.
It should be noted that during the Zhu Di period, the cabinet only had the posts of counselor and assistant, and did not have real power, and the "cabinet cabinet members" at that time only had the official titles of seven pins to five pins, which was not the same as the cabinet in the late Ming Dynasty. Nevertheless, Xie Jin and 7 others set up a series of systems for the beginning of the Yongle Dynasty, assisted Zhu Di in handling the government and created an era!
At that time, Zhu Di relied heavily on Xie Jin and appointed Xie Jin as the first assistant to the cabinet. Next, Zhu Di compiled the Records of Taizu under the leadership of Xie Jin, who also served as the chief examiner of the imperial examination. On the first day of July in the first year of Yongle, Zhu Di ordered Xie Jin to lead 147 Wenchen to compile the "Literature Dacheng", and more than a year later, Xie Jin, Yao Guangxiao and others once again led 2169 to continue to expand this book for Wen Chen, and later, this huge work was renamed "Yongle Canon". This book is of great significance, and I will mention it later. The Biography of Ming Shi Xie Jin records:
The division of endorsement, the secret is tied, and the day and night are served, and the benefit is not under the book.
This means that Xie Jin accompanied Zhu Di day and night, which can be described as "extremely popular", and other cabinet members, some of the six Shangshu could not look back.
Xie Jin's talent is unique and powerful in front of Zhu Di, but the country is easy to change, the temperament is difficult to move, and Xie Jin's personality is still very "outstanding" like his talent.
After Ming Chengzu Zhu Di ascended the throne, he has always faced the problem of Li Chu, if according to the traditional "Li Yan Li Chang" convention, the emperor's eldest son Zhu Gaozi is undoubtedly the best candidate for the crown prince; but Zhu Di felt that the emperor's second son Zhu Gaoxu was "like a degeneration", and Zhu Di preferred the second son who was brave and good at war. Therefore, zhu Di has been on the throne for two years and has been struggling with the issue of the selection of the crown prince. In the second year of Yongle, Zhu Di summoned his favorite minister Xie Jin, and he hoped that Xie Jin would speak freely about the matter of Li Chu.
Since ancient times, Li Chu has been a very sensitive matter, if you change to another minister, I am afraid that I will not be able to avoid it, because once the speech is not correct, it will not only be hated by the emperor or the prince, but also may take the life of the whole family. But Xie Jin did not shy away from it, because there was no sleek side of his personality.
In the face of Zhu Di's inquiry, Xie Jinxian replied:
"The emperor's eldest son, Ren Xiaoxiao, the world returns to his heart."
Zhu Di believed that Xie Jin's words had no new meaning, and he had to ask why Xie Jin supported Zhu Gaozi. Xie Jin finally replied with three words: "Good Saint Sun." ”
The emperor's eldest son, Zhu Gaozi, had a very good son, that is, Zhu Zhanji (Emperor Xuanzong of Ming). Zhu Zhanji was born in the thirty-first year of Hongwu, the year of Zhu Yuanzhang's death. When Zhu Zhanji was born, Zhu Di had a dream that Zhu Yuanzhang would give him the Great Gui of the Sacrificial Sect Temple. Therefore, Zhu Di has always been very fond of his eldest grandson. Xie Jin's meaning of "good saint sun" means that Zhu Gaoxu has a good son, and Zhu Gaoxu does not have such an advantage.
Xie Jin's words completely awakened Zhu Di, who made Zhu Gaozi the crown prince in that year. But because of this incident, Xie Jin was hated by Zhu Gaoxu.
After Zhu Gaoxu became crown prince, Zhu Di always felt indebted to his second son Zhu Gaoxu, so Zhu Gaoxu's status in the capital was superior. Shi Zai "Gao Xu favored Yilong, and the rank of etiquette exceeded that of Concubine". Zhu Gaoxu was very stubborn in the capital, and sometimes even surpassed the prince in terms of etiquette. Xie Jin was a minister of Geng Zhi and could not tolerate sand in his eyes, so Xie Jin took the initiative to stand up to Zhu Di and count Zhu Gaoxu's not, and in the end, he angered Zhu Di, who believed that Xie Jin was dividing the flesh and bones of Tianzi. Since then, Zhu Di has gradually become estranged from Jie Jin.
Xie Jin was used by Zhu Di from the fourth year of Jianwen to the third year of Yongle and was alienated by Zhu Di, a total of four years before and after. In the past four years, the last thing Xie Jin should do is to directly participate in the matter of li reserves. Zhu Di first asked Xie Jin to "speak freely", and after Xie Jin said everything he wanted to say, Zhu Di felt that Xie Jin was dividing his father-son feelings.
From beginning to end, this matter seems to be a "scam" set up by Zhu Di for Xie Jin, and after Xie Jin enters the urn, he finds that Zhu Di, like his father Zhu Yuanzhang, is not a person who likes to listen to the truth.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="130" > fourth, is not tolerated by the times</h1>
The Biography of Ming Shi Xie Jin records:
"Jin Shao Dengchao, talented, straight ahead, the surface of the cave." The class of inductive warriors, there is a good name that is not to be spoken. However, if it is good or not, there is no scruple, and the courtiers are more harmful to their favor. ”
This means that Xie Jincai is brilliant in learning, straightforward in character, playing things in the imperial prelude, and mastering in the table. He could not help but praise the merits of his colleagues, but the shortcomings of his colleagues were always spoken out, and therefore offended many people. When he was really left out in the cold, few people stood up to defend him.
In the fourth year of Yongle, Zhu Di rewarded the cabinet members with two pieces of sarongs, but did not appreciate Jin, who was once very embarrassed. A strange thing happened soon after, Zhu Di found that the secrets he had discussed in the inner court had been quietly leaked. Ming Shi Yun:
For a long time, Fu and others briefly conveyed the foreign court, and Gao Xu then leaked the forbidden Chinese language.
This means that the person who leaked the news was Qiu Fu, the "first general of Jingnan", but Zhu Gaoxu took the opportunity to frame Xie Jin and put the charge on Xie Jin's head.
This incident made Zhu Di completely lose trust in Xie Jin. The next year (the fifth year of Yongle), he also impeached Xie Jin for unfairly reading the papers in the imperial examination, and Zhu Di did not wait for Xie Jin to defend, and Zhu Di wrote an edict and reduced Xie Jin to the toe.
At that time, Xie Jin was reused, and Zhu Di said: "The world cannot be without me for a day, and I cannot be less xie jin for a day!" Today, this sentence has become an empty phrase.
There is a famous saying in "Dream of the Red Chamber": human emotions are cultivated, that is, articles, and everything is insightful and learned.
Xie Jin is a century-old talent, but he is a little bitter in terms of human feelings. He wrote well, but he didn't know that "human emotion" was the most difficult article to write.
Eight years after Yongle, Xie Jin was demoted for three years and returned to Beijing to report for duty. He hoped that this time he would be left in the capital by Zhu Di. However, unfortunately, at that time, Zhu Di was just going north to invade Mongolia, and Xie Jin could not see Zhu Di, so he had to go to see the prince and then return south. Unexpectedly, this matter was once again used by Zhu Gaoxu, and after Zhu Di returned, Zhu Gaoxu immediately complained to Zhu Di.
In fact, the emperor was not in the capital, and Xie Jin went to see the prince, and there was nothing wrong with it. However, after being added to the oil and vinegar by Zhu Gaoxu, Xie Jin became a "prince of private opinions".
Zhu Di was already somewhat dissatisfied with the crown prince and wanted to take the opportunity to beat the prince, so he sent Xie Jin to prison for the crime of "no one being subjected".
At that time, Xie Jin had not yet reached jiaotong, and Jin Yiwei chased all the way to Guangdong, loaded Xie Jin into a prison cart and transported him back to the capital. At the time of the arrest of Xie Jin, he was writing a recital. Originally, on the way out of Beijing, Xie Jin saw that the drought on both sides of the Ganjiang River was severe, and decided to write a letter to the imperial court to build a canal and irrigate the fertile land.
In other words, Xie Jin still cared about the people before the great calamity came.
Zhang Zai, a great Confucian of the Northern Song Dynasty, said: "Establish a heart for heaven and earth, establish a destiny for the people, continue to learn from the saints, and open up peace for all the worlds." ”
As a reader and a genius, Xie Jin was not only studying for the saints, but he was also making a living for the people, but he was no longer allowed to do so in that era.
After Xie Jin was escorted back to the capital, he was immediately imprisoned and imprisoned, and lived a life of darkness. During this period, Zhu Di almost forgot about Xie Jin. It was not until 5 years later, in the first month of the thirteenth year of Yongle, that Jin Yiwei commanded Ji Gang to report to Zhu Di on the list of prisoners in the prison, and Zhu Di accidentally saw Xie Jin's name and asked Ji Gang: "Xie Jin is still alive?" ”
Ji Gang heard Zhu Di's voiceover, and that night, Ji Gang forcibly drunk Xie Jin, then dragged Xie Jin into the snow and buried him, and the next day Xie Jin died.
On the thirteenth day of the first month of the thirteenth year of Yongle, the snow scene in the capital was particularly unique, but few people knew that under the snow, it had drowned a great talent who had been encountered once in a hundred years.
Xie Jin died at the age of 47. Subsequently, Zhu Di ordered xie jin's family property to be confiscated, and all his wives and children were exiled to Liaodong.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="139" >5, remembered by history</h1>
Xie Jin was belittled by Zhu Di in the fifth year of Yongle to his death in the thirteenth year of Yongle, and was abandoned for 8 years during the Yongle period. For a long time, Xie Jin was synonymous with traitors, and it was not until during the Ming Dynasty's Chenghua years that Emperor Mingxianzong Zhu Jianshen, who had also experienced ups and downs, pardoned Jin's crimes and restored His honor.
Although Xie Jin is dead, history has not forgotten him. Because he left a treasure to China- the Yongle Canon.
First of all, it should be explained that the compilation of the Yongle Canon is not the work of Xie Jin, but the leading role of Xie Jin is very important. The Yongle Canon is one of the most famous ancient texts in China and is by far the world's rare encyclopedia.
Unfortunately, the entire copy of the Yongle Canon has been lost, and after the founding of New China, 418 volumes have been collected through national collection, celebrity donations, and foreign returns. According to historical records, the original of the Yongle Canon should have 11,095 volumes, and the existing content is only 3.8% of the whole text.
This work has a long way to go, and although only 3.8 per cent has been collected so far, its value is already considerable. Among the existing contents, the records of ancient astronomy, calendar, meteorology, culture and so on are extremely valuable materials. Therefore, some people call it "an inexhaustible cover, an inexhaustible one."
"Left Transmission" Cloud:
"There is merit in the taishang, followed by meritorious service, and secondly there is a promise, although it has not been abolished for a long time, this is called the three immortals."
This means that the three major criteria for success in life are: morality, meritorious service, and speech.
Xie Jin's life was extremely bumpy, he was snubbed by Zhu Yuanzhang, ignored by Emperor Jianwen, briefly reused by Zhu Di and then discarded, first degraded, and then imprisoned. A great talent who has been abandoned by three generations of emperors in a row did not complete the "Lide", let alone "meritorious service", but he completed the "Li Yan".
Some people have a high degree of power all their lives, but they have left little value for history except for a moment of prominence; some people, although they have spent half their lives, have left a great contribution to history.
Although Xie Jin is arrogant, the value of his life has been reflected. His historical role deserves to be recognized by future generations.
Finally, it ends with Xie Jin's poem "Sang":
Twice a year, the branches are cut down, and the most bitter is in the ten thousand trees.
For the country and the people are all silk Ru, but teach Tao Li to listen to sheng songs.
Xie Jin is an upright person, a person who loves the people, a talented person, and a person who has contributed to history and culture.