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Text/Drunken Smoke
【About the Author】Drunken Yin Yanxia is an ordinary agricultural worker in the Sanjiang Administration bureau of agricultural reclamation and construction in Heilongjiang Province. In his spare time, he likes to pick up a few words in the black soil and rearrange them into rows in the dead of night to pass the long winter of the Northern Wilderness.
【This article is published with the authorization of the author】
"Li", Muzi Li, Eighteen sons of Li, from Mu, Gu Tong "Li", surname.
"Where there is water, there are Chinese, and where there are Chinese, there is the surname Li." The surname Li is the largest surname in China and the largest surname in the world, with a population of about 300 million, tracing back to their roots, and their roots are in a place called Luyi.
Luyi, ancient name Luming, KuXian, Guyang, this place is the hometown of the founder of Taoism Laozi, Lao Tzu's name is Li Er, the first person with the surname of Li who has written to examine, the ancestor of the Surname of Li.
There is also a place that cannot be ignored, Longxi, now Lintao, Gansu, is one of the birthplaces of the Li family, but the composition of the legend is heavier, here began with the Second Emperor of Yanhuang, it is also orthodox. The earliest totem of the Surname Li appeared here. Just like the radiance of the sun, it scatters in all directions, illuminating every corner of the world. The same is true of the ancestors of the surname Li, from a point, slowly diffracted to the surroundings, and finally achieved the world's largest surname, breeding Chinese descendants everywhere.
"Hundred Family Names" has five hundred and sixty-eight surnames, which is the enlightenment book for the Song people to teach children to learn characters. What is a last name? A surname is a specific symbol of a person's family kinship and kinship. In ancient times, the clan was mostly the name of the clan leader or the name of the tribe, and now it is called the name of the unit and the home residential address, that is, what company, what street and lane.
(Lee, Oracle)
During the matrilineal clan tribal period, the male was a monk of the wandering side, where to eat, there was no fixed place to live, there was no fixed food, so the children lived with their mothers, only to know that their mothers did not know their fathers, the people of this tribe were all a clan, in order to distinguish the children of women of the same clan, they were sent out with surnames, such as Li Wang's family, Li is the unit where she married, and Wang is the surname.
The emergence of surnames gradually disintegrated the matrilineal clan and began to transition to the patrilineal clan, and the development of Chinese surnames should have started with the Second Emperor of Yanhuang, so Chinese called himself a descendant of Yanhuang.
Emperor Yan was also called Shennong, lived in Jiang Shuibian, so his surname was Jiang, he tasted hundreds of herbs and discovered medicine and invented farming; the Yellow Emperor lived in Xuanyuan Mound, so he was called Xuanyuan Clan, surnamed Gongsun, and because he lived in Ji Shuibian, he was also surnamed Ji. There were six surnames in ancient China, divided into two major branches, one is the Jiang surname of The Yan Emperor, and the other is the Yellow Emperor's surname of Ji, Yao, Yao, Ying, and Concubine, and now all the surnames are basically evolved from these surnames. The "History of the Five Emperors" records that the Yellow Emperor had twenty-five children and fourteen had surnames. The Five Emperors Shaohao, Emperor Zhao, Emperor Zhao, Yao, Shun, and Yu, as well as later Xia Yu, Shang Qi, and Zhou Houji, were all descendants of the Yellow Emperor.
China had no concept of a state before the Xia, and there were often wars between tribes and tribes, and the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor fought for the position of leader, and as a result, the Yan Emperor was defeated, and the two tribes merged into one, becoming the largest clan tribe in the Central Plains. Later, the Yellow Emperor conquered Xuan You, Xia Qi established the country, and the Chinese nation basically took shape.
There are several big surnames in China's surnames, and since the beginning of their surnames, they have been enduring, the people are prosperous, and there are some well-known figures in the tribe, who have added a different brilliance to the ancient Chinese country and created an immortal Chinese civilization.
The first sentence of "Hundred Family Names" "Zhao Qiansun Li", Zhao in the Great Song Dynasty is the national surname, so it ranks first, Li ranks fourth, and it is considered to be the fourth chair of the hundred family names. Old Li has many family members, more than 100 million in the world, and there are nearly 100 million people in China alone, accounting for about 8% of the total population. Professor Qian Wenzhong said that the surname Li has established the largest number of political powers in history, and there are more than 60 people surnamed Li who call themselves emperors and kings.
There are also many celebrities in the Li family, such as Lao Tzu Li Er, who wrote the Tao Te Ching, Li Si, a calligrapher who unified monetary weights and measures, Li Shimin, the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty who opened the rule of Zhenguan, Li Yu, who was the lord of Li Yu, who flowed eastward in a river of spring water, Li Qingzhao, who mistakenly fell into the depths of lotus flowers, Li Hongzhang who was a foreign affairs movement, and so on.
This Li family is a big surname, the Three Emperors and Five Emperors to the present, how many fascinating stories and legends have occurred during this period, but also from the origin of the Li surname.
To be reasonable, you have to say "reason", and Muzi Li is a later thing. "Li" used to be common with "reason", is a meaning, "reason" is the name of the official position, the official is the supreme official in the formulation of criminal law and the supervision of judicial justice, the ancient magistrate is roughly equivalent to the current minister of justice and the president of the Supreme Court, this "reason" is the earliest root of the "Li" surname.
Regarding the origin of "Li" and the surname Li, we have to mention a person named Gao Tao, don't underestimate this Gao Tao, he is one of the ancient "Four Saints", and Yao Shunyu is said to have a pair of eagle's mouth and green face, and the green face is the harmonic sound of incorruptibility, he raised a monster called Badger, and whenever there is a lawsuit, this beast will distinguish between right and wrong. Gao Tao also has a son named Boyi, good at raising horses, who was named Qin Win, so he is the ancestor of the Win surname, what we call the Fourteen Clan of Win starts from here, of course, the Li family is no exception, saying that they are all family, a grandfather nine children and eighteen grandchildren.
Huaxia was originally a root, and a root also had branches, otherwise there would be a later family name, a big country.
(Lee's Totem)
We know that Chinese fengyan huangdi as the ancestor, Shao Hao was the eldest son of the yellow emperor, and the great poet Li Bai said that the white emperor who said that "the white emperor of the white emperor was in the clouds" was him, and he did not know what reason, did not take his father's class, but was taken by his second brother's son, Zhao Yan, who sat in the top position of the tribe. The "History of the Five Emperors" says, "The Yellow Emperor of Xuanyuan, buried Qiao Shan, and his grandson Gao Yang was established for emperor Huan, who was twenty-five years old at that time, and was said to be the twenty-five sons of the Yellow Emperor, because he was enfeoffed in Gaoyang County, so he was called Gao Yang. ”
Later, Emperor Zhao passed on the throne to his nephew Emperor Zhao, who originally passed on the throne to his eldest son, But his ability was really limited, and he simply gave up his position to his half-brother Yao.
Gao Tao was the seventh son of Yao, so Gao Tao should be Yao's uncle or uncle.
According to the "Spring and Autumn" record: "Yao Degao Pottery, hired as Dali, Shunshi as a scholar", this is the earliest record of "reason", uncle helped nephew manage a large stall of family affairs is also reasonable. According to the "Chronicle of History", the Yellow Emperor of Xuanyuan passed on the throne to his grandson Gao Yang (高阳氏顼), and the nephew Emperor Huan (颛顼) passed on the throne to his nephew Emperor Zhao ( 帝喾) followed by Yao Shunyu ( 尧舜禹 ) , and Gao Tao (皋陶) was the governor of Yao Shun's time.
Where does Gao Tao live? His fiefdom was the area bordering henan in present-day southern Shandong with Henan in Jiangsu, which was called Dongyi in ancient times, that is, the area from Qufu in present-day Shandong Province to the coast of the East China Sea, and his territory was connected to the Yaoshun tribe in the Central Plains. At that time, there was no formation of the state, it still belonged to the era of clan tribes, and Gao Tao accepted the position of chief official, not an official of a certain group, but a member of the various tribal alliances, jointly managing this land, anyway, it was the territory of their brothers.
Li Lizhen changed his surname: Muzi Li
Gao Tao's sixth grandson Li Lizhen was a magistrate at the end of the Shang Dynasty, and the last emperor of the Shang Dynasty (1600 BC - 1046 BC), Shang Xin (King Of Sui), was very clever and ruled the country well, but unfortunately only one thing was not good, the ears were soft, and he loved to fight with women. The Chronicle of Yin Ben says, "Emperor Yi is able to discern the disease, and he hears very sensitively; he is superior in his ability and fierce in hand; he knows enough to refuse advice, and his words are enough to adorn right; he is able to distinguish himself from others; he is able to distinguish himself from the world, and he thinks that he is under himself." Good wine and lascivious pleasure, and a woman. ”
A monarch who indulges in wine, no matter how talented, will slowly be fascinated by wine, and as a result, a large country of Yangyang is destroyed by jifa (King Wen of Zhou) of Western Zhou who encourages several small princely states. Before the destruction of the country, Li Lizhen was in charge of judicial work, this person was just and upright, doing things fairly, it was inevitable to offend the interest groups of the powerful, as the saying goes, it is better to offend a gentleman than to offend a villain, Li Lizhen is a moldy head.
In 1045 BC, Ji Fa's eldest son Boyikao was ordered to go to Chaoge Nagong, and the rare treasures he brought with him needless to say, Emperor Xin of shang was happy, and feasted on the princes, and he was happy to drink and drink, and the monarchs were oblivious, and at this time Boyikao saw Emperor Xinmei's concubine. It is reasonable to say that a small hairy child in Boyikao should not and dare not have a non-divided thought, but under the influence of alcohol, plus the easy-going nature of God Xin, this boy fainted, moved his hands and feet on Dai Ji, his words were flirtatious, and the half-drunk Di Xin saw that he could not help but be angry, Lao Tzu was good at wine and good meat to entertain you, you dared to do such a rebellious thing, drew his sword and chopped it down, and then, let people chop Bo Yi kao into meat paste.
(Li Lizhen sculpture)
The courtiers were all stupid, one by one, dumbfounded, trembling, after all, not everyone saw Bo Yikao's actions, and they were frightened by Di Xin's inexplicable anger. Li Lizhen was also drunk when his face was red and his ears were red, and when he woke up, it was too late to wake up, and he took advantage of the wine to count down Di Xin's not, and the day of the great joy was killed, and he could not say it anyway. Di Xin was still angry, scolding Li Lizhen nerd, not knowing right from wrong, and having no position.
Li Lizhen gambled and went home and told his wife what happened at the banquet, and the wife said: "The king will regret what he did when he was drunk, and from now on he is afraid that the world will not be peaceful, I heard that Ji Fa had a rebellious intention earlier, and this time he gave him the truth." ”
"Yes, once a fight breaks out, with the current domestic situation in our country, it is really difficult to say, the officialdom is corrupt, the villains are in charge, and Bigan and his sons are on the sidelines."
Di Xin woke up the wine, the anger did not subside, ordered the people to chop into meat paste Bo Yi Kao made into meat cakes to send to Ji, Li Lizhen heard the news secretly thought, is this not to add fuel to the fire, busy to see Di Xin to dissuade, provoked Di Xin to be angry: "A man who cannot protect his own woman, how can he defend a country?" The counselor kills without mercy. ”
Li Li went home angrily, and ordered his family to pack up their things and leave Yin Capital immediately, in the past six months, Di Xin was moody, and he would not kill me without killing me, and I would not destroy my Nine Tribes, first avoid the wind and then say.
Sure enough, after Li Lizhen left, the more Di Xin thought about it, the more he didn't taste it, and even Li Lizhen, who had always been just, opposed me, and it was difficult for me to understand the hatred in my heart without killing you.
Di Xin knew that the news that Li Lizhen had run away was already the evening of the next day, and this shock was not trivial, if he defected to the enemy camp, it would not be a good thing for me to be a big businessman, and he was busy ordering the Flying Tiger soldiers to chase after him, and he wanted to see people die or see corpses, and no matter what, he could not be used by the enemy.
(Plum)
Li Lizhen and his wife and children did not dare to be official, they went all the way north, ran in the direction of Qufu, where their hometown was, hungry and thirsty all the way, and finally at noon, tired and fell on the edge of a forest outside a village.
The noonday sun baked the central plains, the trees were noisy, Li Lizhen and the child dragged him to the shade of the trees, looked up at the sky, there was no trace of clouds, the blue sky, as if it had been roasted, the heat wave in the air was constantly rising, suffocating.
When fate has taken care of you, it may be providence, just like Newton resting under the tree two thousand years later, an apple fell from the tree and woke him up fishing under the tree, the monkeys said that gollum is coming, the squirrels ran, Newton touched the smashed brain door and found the law of gravitation left on the head.
A gust of wind blew over, and a fruit from the tree fell to the ground, and the child's eyes were sharp, greedily grasping and nibbling, and he grinned at the acid. "This is plum, edible, the sky will not kill me."
Li Lizhen cried loudly, turned over and knelt on the ground and kept prostrating his head, and his wife and children also knelt down behind him, and he murmured the name of the fruit: "You are Li Lizhen's re-creation of parents, by my worship, the grace of life, I Li Lizhen will take your surname." ”
Therefore, one of the origins of the Li surname is derived from Li Lizhen, and another theory is this plum tree. (To be continued)
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