Text/Huang Chuanmo (Bashu Jiafeng Research Center, Nanxi District, Yibin City, Sichuan Province)
In 1979, the "Index of Inscriptions of Ming and Qing Jinshi" published by the Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House records that in the Ming Dynasty, there were 12 Jinshi surnamed Mou in Xuzhou Prefecture (present-day Yibin City), Sichuan, such as: Mou Lun (Bingchang), Ming Yongle Thirteenth Year (1415) Jinshi; Mou Chaozong, Ming Jiajing Fourteenth Year (1535) Jinshi; Mou Zhikui, Ming Wanli Thirty-second Year (1604) Jinshi; Mou Daoxing (Bingsu), Ming Qi Fifth Year (1625) Jinshi. They are about the same ethnic group.
Before the end of the Ming Dynasty, there was a Mou Clan Ancestral Hall in Hejiangmen, Yibin City, which was managed by the Mou clan of Yibin counties in turn. This article focuses on some of the historical events of the Nanxi Jinshi Mu Zhikui.
Kodi and the Eunuch Calendar
Mou Zhikui (c. 1544 – c. 1630), courtesy name Fengqu, was a native of Nanxi County, Xuzhou Prefecture in the late Ming Dynasty.
The "Chronicle of Xuzhou Prefecture" and the "Sichuan Tongzhi" record that he was a ming wanli (1588) person, a jinshi of Jiachenke (1604) (the 221st tongjinshi of the third class of Yang Shouqin's list).
The "Genealogy of the Mou Clan of Xingwen County" records that he was a Minglong Qingding Ding Branch (1567) Juren and Pengchen Branch (1568) Jinshi, which is doubtful.
Mou Zhikui li Jiajing to Chongzhen Six Emperors, served as the imperial history of the Duchayuan, the Fujian Xuedao, the inspector of jiangxi province, the imperial history of Shaanxi province, the imperial history of the right capital, the official waiter, the imperial history of the capital of the capital of the capital, and the inspector. From February of the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627) to February of the first year of Chongzhen (1628), Mou Zhikui served as the inspector of Shanxi, Yanmen and other passes. In August 1628, Mou Zhikui was "idle" because of the case, that is, he was relieved of his work, and he returned to his hometown for the elderly.
Inscriptions and discussions
As a civilian scholar, as a literati Mou Zhikui, he naturally wrote fluently.
According to the records of the "Nanxi County Chronicle" of the past dynasties, fengming mountain in the west of the county was built in the Ming Dynasty, and The Yiren Mou Zhikui wrote the "Fengming Temple Stele", and the qing Jiaqing stele had fallen and there is no surviving text; in the forty-fourth year of the Ming Wanli Calendar (1616), Mou Zhikui wrote the "Mabianguan Emperor Temple Stele" in Pingshan County, Mahu Province, which is now in existence; in the first year of the Apocalypse (1621), Mou Zhikui wrote the Nanxi County "Guixi Bridge Stele" (first published in the Kangxi 25th year of the "Nanxi County Chronicle"), which is now in existence; the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625), Mou Zhikui wrote the Nanxi County "Nanxi County"; the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625), Mou Zhikui wrote the Nanxi County "Nanxi County Monument", which is now in existence; the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625), Mou Zhikui wrote the Nanxi County "Nanxi County". The Inscription of the Phoenix Mountain Xuegong", a remnant of the text.
According to the "Genealogy of the Mou Clan" in many places in the southwest, in the first year of Chongzhen (1628), Mou Zhikui wrote the "Inscription on the Monument of Xieyan Bridge in Gong'an County" in Huguang Jingzhou, which is now in existence.
According to the Qing Dynasty's "Taishan Stone Carvings", in Taishan, Shandong, through Shiyu, the original side of the Ming Wanli Yi Di Year (1615) stone carving: "Ming Wanli Yi Di Meng Qiu, Serving the Western Shu Mu Zhi Kui, Xian Vice Xin'an Wu Ruxian traveled together." Later, it was covered by the "water stone gloomy forest" stone carving of Chongzhen Shi, which is still blurred and only hidden traces are seen. Taishan Chaoyang Cave and Dai Ding also have stone carvings with the same content, but the font is different. Wu Ruxian, a native of Shexian County ,Anhui (formerly known as Xin'an County), was a fellow scholar of the same branch as Mou Zhikui.
In the "National Historical and Cultural City" in the Daling Mountain Scenic Area of Junxian County, Henan, stands a three-room four-pillar, five-story stone arch. This archway is included in the Dictionary of Chinese Scenic Spots. The plaque "Enrong" is called EnrongFang. Exquisitely carved and imposing. Three-story workshop board. The upper layer is engraved with the large characters of "Dragon Chapter Pet Tin", the small characters on the right side are "Chincha Patrol Supervision Yushi Mou Zhikuo and other places", and the left side has "The Forty-fifth Season of the Wanli Dynasty Spring Ji". The forty-fifth year of the Ming Dynasty is 1617.
The inscription of Mou Zhikuo on the Enrong Arch of Da Ling Mountain in Xun County, Henan
Neglect of the Fu King's salt violation. After King Fu took the fiefdom of Luoyang, please change the salt of Changlu and increase the number of salt. On July 18, 1615, in the forty-third year of the Wanli Calendar (1615), Mou Zhikui, who was then the inspector of the salt imperial history, said: According to the provisions of the ancestral precepts, the prince wore three hundred salts per year, and each of the two hundred catties was paid from the fiefdom, and never asked for a distance, paid from two thousand miles away, and the number of salt he invited was 1,300, which greatly exceeded the previous rated amount, which was illegal. The Myōshin Sect did not listen. Later, because the courtiers repeatedly argued that the salt of the Fu King was unfavorable to the national economy and the people's livelihood, the Ming Shen Sect ordered a compromise solution.
It is proposed to recruit "pacesetters" to defend against foreign enemies. During the Ming Dynasty, in order to resist foreign enemies, the rulers recruited soldiers and horses, and thought of the source of soldiers on the jianghu heroes. Mou Zhikui, who was then the inspector of imperial history in Shaanxi, once mentioned: "Where there are soldiers, we should respond to the recruited soldiers." Such as the Mao soldiers of Henan, the monks of Shaolin, the escort pacesetters of Linqing in Shandong, and the recruits of Xiao Yong in other prefectures. In the text, the "pacesetter" is called "standard soldier" and "dart master" in later generations. Mu Zhikui inadvertently left an early archive on the historical evolution of "baobiao", which is of great literary and historical value.
Play begging to protect the danger. In the later period of the Apocalypse, Wei Zhongxian was good at the country, his finances and taxes were embarrassing, his internal and external troubles were troubled, and his debts were serious on all sides. In july of the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627), Mou Zhikui, who was then the governor of Shanxi, played: Chongbian lacked pay and was difficult to support, and begged for capital transportation to protect the dangerous frontier.
Lineage and ancient tombstones
According to legend, after the ancient fire god Zhu Rong was enfeoffed in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, he was enfeoffed in the State of Mou (present-day Laiwu District, Jinan, Shandong), and his title belonged to the Son, so it was known as the State of Mouzi, and his descendants took the state as their surname. Mou, the original meaning is the sound of cattle (moo), so the Mou clan people are more industrious, brave, and good at chanting. Southwest Mou, there are many versions of the source story such as "Li Gaimu", "Mirror Mou", "Public Security Mou", "Ziguo Mou" and so on.
The Yibin Nanxi Mou clan is said to be a Hakka immigrant from Chu into the river in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. The lineage of Mou Zhikui recorded in the "Genealogy of the Mou Clan of Xingwen County" is: Mou Hui (Mou Shangzhe) → Mou Ao→ Mou Shoujing → Mou Zong→ Mou Qiyue → Mou Zhi → Mou Zhi → Mou Dong → Mou Daoxing → Mu Can. The Lineage of Mou Zhikui recorded in the "Genealogy of the Mou Clan of Rongzhou" is: Mou Chen ke → Mou Yanling→ Mou Juetai→ Mou Sigong → Mou Baigao → Mou Ao→ Mou Shangqi → Mou Yaolun (Mou Yuan) → Mou Yingchao (Mou Zhikui) → Mou Daoheng. The second theory coexists to be examined.
According to the Genealogy of the Mou Clan, Mou Daoxing of Yibin County was a Heavenly Revelation Jinshi who settled in Gao County in his later years. Mou Daoxing of Nanxi County was the grandson of Mou Zhikui, who settled in Xingwen County, and the two only shared names.
The "Genealogy of the Xingwen Mou Clan" says: "Ancestor Sun Daoxingzu, in August of the twenty-seventh year of the Ming Dynasty (1599), was accepted by Xingwen County and lived in Yudoubao City. The ancestor Mao clan was childless, and then married the eldest daughter of the native Ah Rong as a concubine. At that time, the natives around here and there did not have a surname, and their names were 'A Mou'. I and he changed their surname to Luo, took his name, described his characters, and persuaded Yi yi to become Han. I talked with him about the ceremony of marriage and funeral, changed customs and customs, and changed the order of the Tao. ”
In the Ming Dynasty, Xingwen County had a large number of Yihan and Han mixed residences, and Yudoubao City was a walled fort-style border defense post, which now belongs to the RedFish Community in Shihai Town, Xingwen County. During the Wanli Period, Nanxi Mou Daoxing was ordered to guard this place, persuade Yi to become a Han, and married the local native women, becoming the ancestor of the local Mou clan. This provides a valuable historical material for the study of the imperial court in the early Wanli Period to suppress the Southern Capital Ofs (a servant), the implementation of land reform and national integration, and the integration of the nationalities. In 2009, CCTV Science and Education Station's "Encyclopedia Exploration" column feature film "Tribes on the Cliff" mentioned this.
Nanxi Ma hometown Jinduizi, Guixi Township Zhenxi Dam descendants, because the old genealogy was destroyed by fire, and there is no other evidence, it is not certain that its ancestor Mou Fengyin is the first grandson of Mou Zhikui, but all ancestors dictated as the descendants of Mou Tianguan, and the old mansion of the Mou clan in many places in Nanxi was called the Tianguan Mansion by the people. Mu Feng introduced → Mou Yude→ Mou Tingrui → Mou Jian and his descendants, and this lineage is clear.
Mou Jian was born in the qing kangxi xin ugly year (1721), and his tombstone (erected in 1803 by Qing Jiaqing Yanhai) is still erected in the gold pile of Ma's hometown, which is clearly recognizable. According to the age gap between Mou Zhikui and Mou Jian, it is speculated that Mou Jian is about the seventh grandson of Mou Zhikui (the generation difference is about 25.3 years old). The following (exclusive) 20 characters of Mou Jian are "Yuan Dazu Ru Shao, Zi Shi Zheng Jia Bang." Guangzong Ming Yang Yuan, Song Gong Character Ze Chang", this character has been passed down from generation to generation.
In addition, the "Genealogy of the Mou Clan of Jue County" records that its ancestor Mou Tianlong fell into the Nanxi Jinduizi in the second year of the Ming Dynasty. This is to be examined.
The Genealogy of the Mou Clan of Xingwen County records that Mou Shangzhe and his following 14 characters are: "Shangyu Jingyu (mián) Qiyuan (chuò) Zhi, Mudao Huojinkou Fangwen". The "Rongzhou Mou Clan Genealogy" records that its 30 characters are: "The son of the fu will be ke, and the age of Taisi is high." Shang Yao should be raised by Dao, and guangji is the governor of The Yuan. Learn from Ritsumoto Tongyu, Ze Xin Shi Forever. Its ancestor Mou Chen can be the word "can".
In the 1980s, a tomb of the wife of an ancient Mou official was found in Changjiang Village, Luolong Street, Nanxi District, with a wooden coffin of agarwood, embroidered clothes, and stone inscriptions. The local cultural relics department has left a rubbing of the inscription. At that time, Nanxi Mu Zifu, Mou Zhengqiang, etc. also went to the scene to pay tribute.
There is also a coffin in Jinduizi, Nanxima's hometown, "The Tomb of the Old and The Young"," (established in 1819 by Qing Jiaqing), on which the handwriting such as "Emperor Qing Qing KeJu Ren that is, The Fourth Sun Muxin of the County Zhengtang" is clearly legible.
The Republic of China's "Nanxi County Chronicle of People and Literature" records: "Mou Xin, the character Rongfu, the number Of Chunpu, the word Lingtian, Mu Zhai, from the school gongsheng Liao Qingyun, practicing li exercises, belonging to the literary talent, Zhongjiaqing Decian Unitary Keju people." Don't ask for eunuchs, teach to the end. The Guanyin where he lived was spread at the foot of Yuntai Mountain, and the peak was high and the peak was xiòng, which was simple and simple. Xin is on a par with Chen Mingding, an apprentice, and Du Zhengchang, an epiphyte, and is known as a scholar with literary deeds. "Jiaqing Decatur is 1813. Guanyinpu is located in present-day Daguan Town.
At present, according to the inscription, only the fourth grandson of Mu Xin is known as the mother of taxation, but it is not clear that he is the grandson of Mou Zhikui. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Nanxi Mou clan produced a jinshi and a person, whose name went down in the annals of history, and the descendants of the Mou clan were naturally proud.
Tianguan Mansion and Tianguan Tomb
In the Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian changed the officials of the General Imperial Hundred Officials to Heavenly Officials. Later generations, the high-ranking officials of the official department and the inspector of the Imperial History Ofi were commonly known as the Heavenly Officials. In the Ming Dynasty, the Imperial History Terrace was renamed the Metropolitan Inspection Yuan, which supervised the Imperial History. In the Ming Dynasty, the supervision of the imperial history was divided into ways to exercise the right of picketing, and there were still separate inspectors, such as the inspector of the imperial history, the patrol of the salt royal history, and the patrol of the cao yushi. Inspector Yushi is in charge of correcting and impeaching hundred officials, and can be "humbled and respected", although the grade is not high, but the influence of power is relatively large, and he is the emperor's eyes and ears and discipline.
Nanxi District Guixi Township Zhenxi Dam Hongchaomen Tianguan Mansion Mou Ancient Residence (photographed in 2002)
Since 2002, the Mou Cultural Group has visited the Old Mansion of The Mu Family in Jinduizi on the Yangtze River in Nanxi many times, and found that the old mansion here was originally a wooden frame and wooden wall, and there were three patios, stone door frames of the Stone Dam Stone Passage, Theater Building, Dachao Gate, etc., and the remaining hall doors had large ink marks such as "Han Mo Lin, Library House, Cooking History Cooking Classic" and small character stone carvings such as "Chengzi..." on the front of the room doors, and the handwriting was mostly blurred. It can be seen that this old mansion was originally a family of readers, focusing on creating a bookish mood of Tang poems "East Wall Library, West Garden Han Molin".
In November 2018, Mou Shi of Jinji Village, ZhenxiBa, Nanxi District, was facing land requisition and demolition, and dug up a ceramic pillow and a jade bracelet from his ancestral grave. The so-called "Moutianguan Mansion", which has been silent for hundreds of years, has attracted the attention of the media and the public overnight.
At present, there are more Mou clans in the second and third groups of Jinji Village in Nanxi District. During the land reform, Mou Huanzhang (zixiang), the original owner of the old mansion of the Mu clan in the Tianguan Mansion, was rated as a rich peasant, and the housing was compressed, one family still lived in the main hall room, and the rest of the houses were divided into poor peasants living in Yan, Song and Xiong. Mou Huanzhang's fourth son, Mou Shifu's wife, Xiao Gongtao, was nearly ninety years old and had lived in this old house a few years ago.
The original wooden plaque of "Sub-National FlowIng Wind" on the god cabinet in the main hall of the old house was later destroyed in the "Broken Four Olds" and sawn into materials for making rice sugar wood pots and door panels, and has now disappeared. There is a delicate bamboo curtain hanging in the upper part of the main hall room, which has long been blurred due to the long-term smoke. The ancient residence "Tianguanfu", which once had four patios and wooden frames and wooden walls, stands in the shadow of the surrounding green bamboo ancient trees, silently telling the glory of hundreds of years.
According to the "Genealogy of the Xingwen Mou Clan", the ancestor of the Mou clan, Mou Ao, bought the tomb of Mu Ping, 90 Li Fengling Mouping, Luzhou Nanxiang, Mu Qi; Mou Qi Yue Chenghua Twenty-one Years (1485) Bought Ye Jiang'an County Hebei 10 Li Dao Zhu Shan Mu Jia Gou, Mou Qi Yue, Mou Dao, Mou ZhiXian Tomb Here; Mou Qi Yue Hongzhi Three Years (1490) Buy Ye Nanxi County Beiguan Outside the City 80 Li Mu Ting Shop, Mou Yi, Mou Zhi Kui Tomb Here; Mou Zhi Kui Buy Ye Nanxi County Nanxi County Nanguan Outside the City 70 Miles Away from the City Anning Bridge Boundary Mu Ping, Mou Dong, Mou Zhen Tomb Here Mou Daoxing bought Xingwen County 90 miles away from the city of Dabin pass mountain under the Fish Pocket Fort City, Mou Daoxing tomb here.
The Republic of China's "Nanxi County Chronicle of Youdi" says: "The tomb of Mou Zhikui, the inspector of Shanxi, is buried in Xiaoxi, twenty miles north of the county, and is buried with Lady Zhang (according to Fu Zhi zeng). The Republic of China's "Nanxi County Chronicle and Miscellaneous Records" says: "The City God Temple on the East Street of the county town, the father and the elder said that it was the former residence of Zhi Kui, the pillar stones of the pond railing, and the relics still exist... Nowadays, it is said that the tombs of Mou Tianguan are different, and there are all the towns in the north and south of the Jiangnan, which are suspected to be the tombs of the ancestors of Zhi Kui, but the inscriptions are extinguished, and Mo Nengming is also. According to the Yunnan "Genealogy of the Zhenxiong Mou Clan", its ancestor Mou Wenjun moved to Zhenxiong from the Tianguan Mansion in Nanxi Water Lane in the fifth year of Qing Yongzheng.
It can be seen that the so-called Mou Zhikuo Tianguan Mansion or Tianguan Tomb is more than one, and it can only be examined at present.
Nanxi District Ma Hometown Jinduizi Mou Clan Ancient Residence Relics "Han Mo Lin, Library House, Cooking History Cooking Classic" (photographed in 2002)
"King's Counter-Case" and historical reference
At the beginning of tomorrow, the eunuch Wei Zhongxian monopolized power, snared party henchmen, excluded dissidents, and framed unjust prisons, forming a dark situation in which "corrections are made and the party's catch is all over the world." The "Tombstone Of the Five" written by Zhang Pu, a scholar of the Late Ming Dynasty, in the first year of Chongzhen: "Oh! The chaos of the great castration, the gentry and those who can not easily do their ambitions, the four seas are big, how many people are there? "In a chaotic world, everyone is in danger of themselves, and they should seek more self-preservation."
According to the "History of Ming", Mou Zhikui failed to keep the bottom line, clean himself, or actively or passively, and colluded with the same stream, and did several ugly things, such as visiting Wei Zhongxian's ancestral shrine, framing Zhang Qingda, and deliberately delaying the transmission of the holy will and indirectly killing Zhao Nanxing.
In March of the second year of Chongzhen (1629), the emperor issued an edict "King Ding Rebellion Case" to the world, punishing the 260 people in Wei Zhongxian's rebellion according to the crimes from largest to smallest, of which Mou Zhikui was listed as the seventh class, the crime was "Ancestral Song" (Jianci Mei song), and the punishment was "idle stay" (dismissal).
In recent years, the national college entrance examination language volume ancient poetry reading question excerpted the "Biography of Ming Shi Zhao Nanxing", which has "Inspector Mou Zhikui, loyal to the Party also, so late dispatch, actually died in the Shu Institute ... (Zhi Fu) ju ming Li reverse case, for the world's great servants" sentence. For being "famous" in this way hundreds of years later, did Mou Zhikui have a little expectation or a little hesitation before he died?
Wu Yingji, a scholar of the anti-Qing Dynasty at the end of the Ming Dynasty, wrote his poem in the "Repeal of the Two Dynasties of Qi Zhen": "Crowns and clothes all over the land to celebrate the New Year, Song Hu is still fortunate to have not been prosperous." The corner of the Zhi temple had been shaken three times, and a dragon flew from the Ninth Dive. Tin clay group children are self-exalted, and we can wear clothes begging for gifts? Who knows first? Hub with Zhu Dan is also pitiful! ”
"Xunzi" said: "Heavenly walking is constant, not for Yao survival, not for death." "The rise and fall of history has its own common path. The fog of historical truth is difficult to penetrate. Following the materialist view of history, neither harsh on the ancients nor protective of the ancients. The so-called fragrance of the ancient or the smell of ten thousand years only accounts for two ends, and the reputation is mixed or the coexistence of advantages and disadvantages or multiple three-dimensional is more normal. If a person is not a sage, who can be blameless? However, the loss of fame and festivals has also made generations of descendants ashamed. Thousands of sins, people's hearts are like history and mirrors. For officials and people, it is advisable to be cautious.
The Mou family has always been passed down as "farming and reading diligent and thrifty", and the Mou Zhikui family is indeed a prominent family in Nanxi in the Ming Dynasty. Before his death, Mou Zhikui fulfilled his duties for the officials and shared worries for the country, and Han Mo was dashing and left behind to this day. In his later years, he was involved in the storm of the party controversy, and the "famous and beautiful case" was abandoned, so that the previous achievements were abandoned, and the future generations were lonely, but it was a pity and a reflection.
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