Text/Peng Renman
Li Baiyun: "The vicissitudes of ancient place names, the grass once won the cave court; the South Lake is unknown to people, and the leishi is still sipped by Junshan." ”
I have always wondered about Li Bai's poem, why did he say: "Lei Shi yu was sipped by Junshan"? What kind of earth-shattering secret is behind this?
Recently, I read the "Notes of the Ancients in the History of Changsha", but found the story of "Qu Yuan Hidden in Dongting Mountain" in Jin Wangjia's "Collected Notes".
Judging from the whole text, this Dongting Mountain is not the Junshan Mountain we know, but the Leishi Mountain in Quyuan District, which has been hidden in anonymity. Why Leishi Mountain? This is where the secret of Li Bai lamented Lei Shi Mountain lies.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6">1</h1>
Dongting Mountain floats on the water, and there are hundreds of golden halls under it, where jade women live. At four o'clock, I heard the sound of golden stone silk bamboo, which reached the top of the mountain. At the time of king Huai of Chu, the group of talents gave poetry to Shui Mei, so the music of Yun Xiaoxiang Cave Court was difficult for the listener to grow old, although "Xian Chi" and "Jiu Shao" could not be compared. ...--- the first excerpt of "Qu Yuan Hidden in Dongting Mountain"
Leishi Mountain is located on the east bank of Dongting Lake, which together with antlers and Yingtian Ancient Shore, forms a flying giant eagle, and Leishi Mountain is exactly in the position of the eagle's beak.
Dongting Mountain floats on the water, and leishi mountain and junshan mountain are like this.
Dongting Lake, known as Yunmeng, Jiujiang and Chonghu in ancient times, is located on the south bank of the Jingjiang River in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The name of Dongting Lake began in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The Compilation of Fang Yu (vol. 298) records: "Dongting Lake is in the territory of present-day Huguang, the northeast belongs to Yuezhou Prefecture, the southwest belongs to Changde Province, swallowing red sand and lianqing grass stretches for seven or eight hundred miles, and Heyuan, Gradual, Yuan, Chen, Xu, Unitary, Li, Zi, Xiangjiu waters converge here, and if the sun and moon are haunted in it, they are vast and mighty, and the Great View of Zhenyu is also there." ”
The Minutes of Reading the History of Fang Public Opinion, Volume 80 Lake Guangliu: "... Leishi Mountain, in the northwest of the county (Xiangyin) hundred miles, next to the pillow Qingcao Lake, north of Baling, down to the Xiang River, mountains and stones saga overlapping, because of the name. The old name is Banzai Mountain, also known as Goki Mountain, with the top of the mountain such as Gokiya. ”
"Notes on the Water Classics": "Xiangshui is from the northwest of Mikou to the shishan mountain, and to the northeast is the mouth of Qingcao Lake. "Jingzhou Chronicle": "There is Qingcao Lake in the south of Baling, and there is Qingcao Mountain in the south of the lake (Dongting). "Notes on the Water Classics": "Xiangshui is the west of the stone, and the north is opposite the Qingcao Lake, or the Qingcao Mountain." "Record of South Migration": "There is Qingcao Island on the west bank of Dongting, the southern name is Qingcao, and the northern name is Dongting." "Yi Tong Zhi": "Qingcao Lake is a hundred miles north of the county (Xiangyin). "According to the north of Leishi Mountain.
These records indicate that Leishi Mountain is the central symbol of Dongting Lake in the north and south.
In fact, the ancient Dongting Lake is also known as the Heavy Lake, that is, the Dongting Lake includes the two lakes of Dongting and Qingcao, so it is called the Heavy Lake.
Most of the literati explain the story of the second concubine's residence in Dongting Mountain, which is based on the record of the Classic of Mountains and Seas: "One hundred and twenty miles southeast, the mountain of Dongting ,...... The second daughter of the emperor lived in Jiangyuan. The wind of Liyuan and the abyss of Jiaoxiaoxiang are between the Jiujiang River, and the entry and exit will be stormy with storms. ”
This record has made it clear that the geographical location of Dongting Mountain is "between the abyss of Xiaoxiang and the Jiujiang River". So how did the ancients clarify the concept of Xiaoxiang and Jiujiang?
Today's Xiaoxiang has three solutions: One is to refer to the Xiang River, called Xiangshui in ancient times, and Xiao has the meaning of describing the depth and clarity of the water. Li Daoyuan's "Water Sutra Notes on Xiangshui" has "the abyss of the Divine Journey to the Cave Garden, in and out of xiaoxiang's pool." Xiao Xiang, the water is clear and deep also. "Therefore, the ancients took Xiaoxiang as another name for the Xiang River. The second is the combined name of Xiaoshui and Xiangshui, Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Louji" has the sentence "North Through Wuxia, South Pole Xiaoxiang". It shows that Xiaoxiang is in the south and Junshan is in the north. The third is the name of the ancient town, placed in the five generations, in the northwest of present-day Yongzhou City, Hunan, because of the confluence of xiaoxiang and xiangshui at that time, also known as XiaoxiangGuan or Xiangguankou. It's even farther away from Junshan. Tang Li Bai wrote the poem "Far Away" at the Huangling Temple in Yingtian, Xiangyin: "In ancient times, there was the second daughter of Emperor Ying, who was in the south of the Dongting, the pu of Xiaoxiang." It also shows that the Xiang River is south of The Qingcao Lake in Leishi Mountain in the south of Dongting.
The "Xiangyin County Atlas" records Xiangshui: "From the northwest of Mikou To the northwest of Leishi Mountain, and north to Jiukou, and Xiangpuye; case, the county's Western Zi, Xiang'ershui, suddenly divided and merged, Zhijin Qi, the northern boundary of Shicheng Mountain, Mopanzhou, and the west of the fish mouth, the mouth of the lake, and the mouth of the West Shazhou, just in the northwest of Leishi Mountain, when it is the ancient trace of the nine mouths." This saying that the "nine mouths" is that the jiushui (river) is gathered in Dongting Lake from the northwest of Leishi Mountain, which is quite in line with the geographical environment of Dongting Mountain.
The xianchi and jiushao are the stories of the Yellow Emperor's southern tour to Xiongxiang, and the earliest written record of the Yellow Emperor's inspection and conquest of the world is Sima Qian's "Records of History" of the Western Han Dynasty, according to the Five Emperors Benji: "Xuanyuan ... South as for the river, Dengxiong Xiang. According to the Qing Dynasty's "Compendium of Guangyu", "The history of the Yellow Emperor DengXiong Xiang, as a salty pond, Zhang Le in the field of Dongting." "This historical material clarifies the surrounding environment of Xiongxiang Mountain, that is, Xiong and Xiangshan are in Dongting Lake. This XiongXiang Mountain was the last stop of the Yellow Emperor's tour, where he completed a series of great measures such as music weaving, sealing Zen, and forming alliances, and realized the unity of the whole nation. However, "Xiong Xiang" has been examined by posterity beyond recognition.
In fact, as long as you carefully study it, it is not difficult to find the real address of Xiong Xiang.
According to the research of many experts, the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" was collected and sorted by the Chu people, and Xiong was the surname of the Chu country, so Xiong Xiang was not difficult to understand. The Chu people used the bear to name Xiangshan to look at the Xiangshan Mountain of Chu, and this Xiangshan mountain must have the iconic temple or mausoleum of the ancestors of the Chu State and also have Xiangshui, which will be so concluded, the old Xiangyin Yingtian Huangling has this condition; if you look at it from the image, this mountain must be like the form of a bear, and the triangular Junshan Mountain does not have Huangling, is not close to Xiangshui, and does not fit the form.
The Yongle Canon records that "Xiangyin is the ancient Yellow Tomb", indicating that the name of "Xiang" of Xiangyin comes from xiangshan of Huangling Mountain, and the "Xiang" of Xiangshan comes from Xiangshui. In ancient times, the rule of "the south of the mountain is named Yang, the south of the water is named Yin", and If Xiangyin is named according to the north of Xiangshui, it should be called Xiangyang; if the name of Xiangshan is also Xiangyang according to Junshan, so the reason for Junshan's name Xiangshan is not sufficient. Because Xiangyin was divided from Luo County to Xiangyin County, the history records that in the second year of the Song Yuanhui of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (474), the head of the county was in Qinqiwang (where lizhi was established for 28 years), located between Huangling Mountain and Leishi Mountain, quyuan District set up Qinqi Township, the place is located in the north of Huangling Mountain (Xiangshan), so it has the name of Xiangyin.
"History of the First Emperor of Qin": The Twenty-eighth Year of the First Emperor (219 BC), "Floating River, to the Xiangshan Ancestral Hall." When there is a strong wind, it is almost impossible to cross. The doctor asked, 'Xiangjun He God?' The Doctor said to him, "Smell it, Yao's daughter, Shun's wife, and bury here." So the First Emperor was furious and ordered the three thousand prisoners to cut down the Xiangshan tree and ochre the mountain." This evidence can not be explained that it is the Xiangshan Ancestral Hall of Junshan, Junshan can have this Xiangshan name appendage, legend has embroidered shoes Erfei tomb, but the earliest Erfei tomb in Xiangshui. Moreover, the soil of Junshan Mountain is not red, but the soil of Huangling Mountain, Leishi Mountain and Phoenix Mountain is red.
The tomb of the Second Concubine of Huangling is in Yingtian Huangling Mountain (present-day Xiangyin Shantang), and Han Yu personally wrote the "Record of the Huangling Temple" to correct the history of its "pre-ancient establishment", and explained that the tomb of the second concubine of the doctor is the second concubine of Huangling Mountain. Yuanfeng Jiuyu Zhi Vol. 6: Xiangyin County has "Xiangshan Mountain". "Qing Yi Tongzhi Changsha Fu I": Huangling Mountain "A Xiang Mountain". Tang Li Tai et al. "Compilation of The Chronicle of The Land": The Tomb of the Second Concubine is on the Qingcao Mountain one hundred and sixty miles north of Xiangyin County. "The Biography of the Daughters of Lie" Yun Shun Zhi Fang, died in Cangwu. The second concubine died between Jiang and Xiang and was buried. Qing Wang Shichen's "Essence of the YuyangShan People" "Surrendered to Miluo'an, hanging the ancient Xiangfei Ancestral Hall." "So Xiangshan is Huangling Mountain."
If xiong and xiang are regarded as two mountains, then xiongshan is Chu mountain, which must be taken by the supreme ruler himself or named; or its form is like a bear, of course, both of which are the most ideal.
Leishi Mountain was formerly known as Banzai Mountain according to historical records. Why it is called Banzai Mountain can be imagined. "Minutes of Reading the History of Fang Public Opinion" volume 80 Lake Guangliu: "Leishi Mountain, in the northwest of the county for a hundred miles, next to the Pillow Qingcao Lake, north of Baling, down to the Xiang River, the mountains and stones are stacked on top of each other, because of the name." The old name Viva Mountain.... "Yongle Canon": "Xi Xuanyuan clan, playing music on the heavy lake." Shi Zi used his ruins to erect a small gesture. It was named Longshoushan Banzai Temple, so there is the Ancestral Hall of the Dragon King. "On the east side of this mountain, Phoenix Mountain (formerly known as Miluo Mountain and Yuding Mountain) has a Phoenix Terrace facing Leishi Mountain, and the Xiangyin County Atlas records: "Phoenix Terrace. Old Zhi: Xuanyuan Southern Tour, Zhang Le Dongting's Wild, there is a phoenix under it, hence the name. "It shows that this Long Live Mountain is named after the ancestor of the Chu people, Xuanyuan Clan." The "Lei Shi Shan Zhi" clearly records the construction history of the Dragon King Temple, also known as the Dongting Jun Temple, which was preserved until the time of reclamation. According to the shape of Leishi Mountain, it also looks like a sleeping bear. This mountain is both a god and a god, so why not call it a bear mountain? Quan Tang Wen: "Dongting Nanhui, Xiong Xiang Jingjie." Explaining that Xiong Xiang is in the south, Lin Cai of Xiangyin Zhi County in the Song Dynasty wrote Lei Shiyun: "The ground meets Xiong Xiangwei, and the sky opens longshou mountain." However, he said that Xiong Xiang was the Phoenix Mountain, because leishi mountain was indeed at the tail of the phoenix mountain. Therefore, The "Joy of Xiaoxiang Dongting" of King Huai of Chu can be compared with "Xianchi" and "Jiushao" on this Dongting Mountain.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="27">2</h1>
After the King of Huai, he was close to the adulterous male, and the Qunxian fled. Qu Yuan rebuked him with loyalty, hid in Yuanxiang, covered with grass, mixed with animals and beasts, did not pay for the affairs of the world, and collected baishi with the ointment of gui, with the nourishing of the heart, he was forced by the king to drive out, but to the water of Qingling. Chu people think of it, called narcissus. Its gods swim in the Tianhe River, and the spirit descends to Xiangpu. The Chu people erected a shrine for it, and the end of the Han Dynasty is still there.
--- the second excerpt of "Qu Yuan Hidden in Dongting Mountain"
This section shows that Qu Yuan arrived at Dongting Mountain. Qu Yuan had two former residences in the Miluo River area of Leishi Mountain that appeared in the annals of history. One is the Nanyang Temple in Wengjiagang, Heshi Town, Quyuan District; the other is located in Zuo Yu Shan (present-day Phoenix Mountain, Quyuan District) in Qutan (Hebotan) in Shenjiang District. The "Xiangyin County Tuzhi" records: "Qu Yuan's "Qu YuanWai Biography" by Shen Yazhi: 'Yuanqi Yuyi Mountain, composed the 'Nine Songs'. Luo Han's "Xiangzhong Chronicle": "Qu Tan's Zuo Yu Zhen Mountain, Qu Ping's perch here." 'There is Qu Yuan's house on Mount Yudi now, and Qu Yuan's ancestral hall was built in the old days of Dazhou. Zhen Dexiu's "Hanging Qu Yuanfu" is also known as 'Nanyang Li', also known as Qu Yuan House. ”
Experts have argued that Qu Yuan's settlement in miluojiang lasted for nine years, and that Leishi Mountain was less than four kilometers away from Qu Yuantan (present-day Hebotan), so Qu Yuan's seclusion in LeishiShan is also certain, and Junshan has no historical record of Qu Yuan's settlement.
Qu Yuan sank from the abyss of Leishi Mountain to Hebotan, which is the Land of the Shen River, which has been known in history, and it is also the Miluo Land named by Sima Qian, which is consistent with the facts recorded by it. "Minutes of Reading the History of Fang Public Opinion" volume 80 Lake Guangliu: Yujing Mountain, in the northern seventy miles of the county, the water flows west through it, there is Qu Tan, also known as Luo Yuan. Qu Yuan exiled himself here. ...... And Lei Shi Shan..."
"The Chu people built a shrine for it, and the end of the Han Dynasty is still there." It shows that there was a Quyuan Temple built on Leishi Mountain. Wang Jia was a native of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the Chu people he said were after Qu Yuan's Shenjiang. The "History of the Old Five Dynasties" JinShu Ergao Zu Ji II records the side of Xiangshui "Hunan Qingcao Temple (Qingshan) Old Feng An Liu Hou, Into Feng Guangli Gong; Dongting Temple (Lei Shi) into Feng Lingji Gong; Lei Shi Temple Old Feng Zhao Ling Hou, Into Feng Wei Xiangong; Huangling Erfei Temple (Yingtian) Old Feng Yi Festival Temple, renamed Zhaolie Temple, from Ma XiFan's request also." "Marquis of Zhaoling is Qu Yuan's title, and Leishi Temple is the earliest historical document record of Qu Yuan Temple that can be found in today's academic circles." The Ming San Lu Xing Ancestral Hall records that "Qu Zi Xing Ancestral Hall three: one in Leishi, one in Linzhi City, and one in Yizhi Guangzhao Temple." Between the Song and Yuan dynasties, the relocation of Jing Chang. If Lei Shi Shan had nothing to do with Qu Yuan, the Chu people would not have erected a temple on the mountain to commemorate him, further deducing that Lei Shi Shan is Dongting Mountain.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="34">3</h1>
The mountain also has a spiritual cave, and it is often like a candle in front of it. There is a strange fragrance and fragrance, and the spring stone is clear. ...... It is to see the women, the neon clothes and the ice face, the beauty and the world's special. ...... Although he is nostalgic and loves, and thinks of his son,...... And da old town. I have seen the people of Yili, each of them is not a hometown neighbor, but the ninth generation of grandchildren has been found. Asked, Yun: "The distant ancestors went into the Dongting Mountains to collect medicine and did not return it, and now it has been three hundred years." "His people speak of the neighbors, and they are lost.
--- three excerpts from Qu Yuan's Hidden in Dongting Mountain
This story of collecting medicines is recorded in the Xiangyin County Atlas: "Hongwu Book: Baitang Lake, north to Kuisitan. There is a silk pond under the present Leishi Mountain, commonly known as the Medicine Man Pond. This is explained that there is a historical story of the medicine man becoming an immortal here, and later generations have turned this story into the chessboard mountain where Lü Dongbin played chess, and the story of the bad ditch that the rower watched the chess game for a hundred years and forgot the story of the medicine man pond.
Leishi Mountain has also been a place where Taoist monks have cultivated into immortals since ancient times, and the bronze bell of Minglei Stone Mountain is inscribed with the inscription "Jiujiang Kong Yin, Hydration Cave Garden." Bei Que Is Passing, Driving Pearls into the Night. The buckle should be sounded, the sound of its sonorous, the fierce wind stopped, and the waves were not alarmed. "Xiangyin County Tuzhi" records: Yi Zhongjie public gift Lei Shi Zhan Zhenren "Zhaojun Grievance": "Looking at the lone peak protruding from afar, standing in dongting lake." Although it is a lone peak, there is a fairy. Legend has it that the real person is strange, the long roar phoenix is on the stage, and the end will be a real person, like a god. ”
The spirit cave mentioned in the text refers to the entrance of the Dongting Dragon King Temple, according to the old man who witnessed the Dongting Dragon King Temple, the Dongting Dragon King Temple was built in the Dragon's Nest, the Dragon's Nest is a big hole, it is the "Dragon God's Cave House", the legend is the entrance to the Dragon Palace, after the reclamation of the farm, the use of this cave to build a Leishi electric row here. Therefore, the "Chronicle of Lei Shi Shan" records that "the situation of Lei Shi Bin near the cave court, the words of the cave court are many and Lei Shi." Dongting was originally under the care of the Dragon God. Lei Shi is the cave house of the Dragon God, the ceremony of the Long Zen, which has been revered over the past, and the plaque of China's first honor. It seems that it is not possible to speak with the mountains in the territory on the same day. ”
We also look at the records of the "Biography of Liu Yi" to show that Liu Yi entered the Dragon Palace from this cave entrance, not from the Liu Yi Well in Junshan. "Among the Yi Feng, those who have Confucian Liu Yi should be raised to the first, and will return to Xiangbin." The illustrative biography is the story that happened when Liu Yi returned to the shores of the Xiangshui River. Leishi Mountain is on the side of Xiangshui; Liu Yi asked the Dragon Girl how to enter the Dragon Palace, and the Dragon Girl said: "In the yin of the cave garden, there are big orange trees, and the townspeople call it 'she orange'." Jundang untied the belt and tied it up in something else. Then knock on the tree three times, when there is a responder. So there is no obstacle. "The Yin of Dongting is about the south of Dongting, but it was interpreted as north by some literati who had no geographical common sense, so it was falsely transmitted to Junshan, so the story of Liu Yi's Dragon Palace also occurred in the Lingdong Dragon's Nest on Leishi Mountain.
At this point, the secret of Li Bai's "Lei Shi Yu was sipped by Junshan" was all revealed.