Later emperor Wu of Jin, completed the unification of China. From the perspective of people at that time, Xia Shang Zhou Hanjin. The Western Jin Dynasty would be a mighty unified dynasty that lasted for hundreds of years. At that time, Sima Yan's wenzhi martial arts in the western Jin Dynasty in the late period were quite good.
The story of Yang Hu Du Pre has been heard more. But again, it's because these stories are some of the big backdrops that are often overlooked.
Sima Yan claimed that the first era name of the empress was Taishi, and the first year of Taishi was 265. At this time, after the Yellow Turban Chaos and about seventy or eighty years there were three generations. A general backdrop for the eventual unification of the three kingdoms was the war and the long period of armament led to social decline. Taking the Shu state as an example, during the period of unification, the Shu state had a population of only 900,000. Of course modern estimates, if including the hidden population, the Shu state has nearly 2 million. Whether it was 900,000 or nearly 2 million, the Shu state supported nearly 100,000 troops. This number is not very familiar. At the time of the rise of the Mongol Yuan, the Mongol tribes united to a population of about 2 million. But it also supported 100,000 troops. This is rare in history, and the land of China explodes like a Mongolian nomad. Considering that our country is an agrarian society, this level of explosives is not sustainable. When Sima Yan first became emperor, on the books, the Jin Dynasty had a total population of 6 million Wei + Shu.
Since the turmoil, the major families have set up dock forts, (example: http://imgs.aixifan.com/o_1ctee55bpq4h1v85a5bpcu12om13.jpg). This article is not focused on social systems, not to mention that I have not studied. I won't dwell on it. Overall, this type of dock fort achieves good defensive and hidden population efficacy. In other eras, it was probably rare for the imperial vassals to revolt through non-institutional forces. We will later talk about the dispute between Situ Wang Hun and Sima Wei, the king of Sima Jia chu, that Wang Hun had more than a thousand soldiers. Especially when Wang Hun did not have any objections, this seemed very strange today, but it was probably not too difficult for the powerful warrior clan at that time.
Sima Yan did a lot of things in the early Tai Dynasty, first of all, the kings of the Sima family. These become hidden dangers in the future. At that time, it was a help to stabilize the Sima Yan dynasty. Most of these princes are soy sauce and not worth introducing. Some of the ones worth introducing will be described in Hachiko. Hachiko, which is unique to this period. Refers to Dazai (太師, to avoid Sima Shi and change), Taifu, Taibao, Grand Sima (大將軍), Situ (司图), Sikong (司空), taiwei (太尉). These positions were not original to the Jin Dynasty. The Gathering of the Eight Dukes was the first time. First of all, Let's talk about Lieutenant Situ Sikong. These three are practical at this stage. Means they all have work to do. And open the house. He is the highest-ranking official in charge of various functions of the Foreign Dynasty. There is no obvious distinction between the three divisions. The Great Sima General was a position used to command the imperial government during the Two Han Dynasties. Dazai Taifu Taibao is the third duke, and these 5 are slightly superior and inferior. For the most part, The Dazai > Taifu > Taibao > Grand Sima > Grand General > Sansi. Hachiko can open a house." Kaifu Yi with the three divisions, Han guan also. In the first year of Emperor Yanping's reign, Zheng Xiao was made a che riding general, Yi Tong Sansi, and the name of Yi Tong began from this point on. and Wei Huangquan with the chariot general Kaifu Yi tongsan division; the name of Kaifu, from this also. "In fact, they have their own staff, especially some local officials.
We say that the Three Kingdoms wei and jin were essentially a wartime regime. Some high-ranking people, open houses, false festivals. Its essence is to act cheaply. But in the end, those who act cheaply tend to become routine.
Back to the topic of Hachiko. At that time, Sima Yan "made Wang Fu of Anping the Dazai and Zheng Chong the Taifu." Wang Xiang was taibao, Wang Wang of Yiyang was taiwei, He Zeng was Situ, Xun Yan was Sikong, Shi Bao was the Grand Sima and Chen Qian was the great general, and the eight dukes were juxtaposed at the same time, but there was no xiangxiang. "Sima Fu was Sima Yi's younger brother. Zheng Chong was a Confucian scholar from a poor background, and was commissioned to collect commentaries on the Analects with He Yan and others, and compiled < analects>. Later, during the period when Jia Chong Yanghu and others formulated the law, they needed to ask Zheng Chong. The Tai Shi Law, also known as the Jin Law, moved closer to Confucianism and incorporated rituals into the Law. Here's the beginning. Wang Xiang,Langya Wang,The Third Duke of Wei. Sima Wang, Sima Fu's second son, passed on to Sima Lang, an important military figure, who resisted both the Shu state and the Eastern Wu attack on the western front, but at this time it was already his last year, so it was not introduced. He Zeng, a Cao Wei official who defected to sima after Gao Pingling. He himself was the son of the servant He Kui and was born in Cao Rui literature. Xun Yu, the sixth son of Xun Yu. Shi Bao, of the Sima family's concubine lineage, worked as a low-level official in his early years, and was later discovered by Sima Yi, promoted to Shang ShuLang ,served as a general in the middle of the canon, and was a concubine of Cao Shuang. After that, he served as the Taishou of Donglai and the Taishou of Lang evil, and the Assassin of Xuzhou. Good performance. He then accompanied Sima Zhao to wu, saved his own troops when he failed, and was promoted again. Participated in the pacification of zhuge birthday rebellion, etc., the capital governor Yangzhou, in charge of the Eastern Wu first line. And Chen Qian took the initiative to persuade Sima Yan. CHEN Qian, son of Wei Situ Chen Jiao. Participated in the evaluation of the Rebellion of Zhuge Birthday.
Overall, looking at the eight dukes of the founding of the Western Jin Dynasty, two are wang ye, Zheng Chong Shi Bao is from the Han clan, Wang Xiang, He Zeng, Xun Yan, Chen Qian, Wei and Jin dynasty are all "high-level scholars" of the level of the three dukes and nine secretaries. Others belong to the state of necessity. But also leaning towards the Sima family. In general, these eight have clans, mascots, clan forces, and concubines who can work. Is a nice configuration.
The Political System Of the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Shang Shutai had already deprived most of the foreign dynasties of their rights. For example, Shi Bao once served as the general of the (Yecheng) pawn farmer Zhonglang. He is the military attaché in charge of agricultural production, civil affairs and land rent. But he was the outer dynasty, the executor, and the core of government affairs was shang shulang who depended on the tun tian cao of Shang Shutai. During the Wei and Jin dynasties, the power struggle between Shang Shutai and the Outer Dynasty Jiuqing had slowly ended. The basic decree is from Shang Shutai. The original Nine Secretaries did some assistance at most. In addition, in the same period, in order to decentralize power, Zhongshu and Menxia provinces also gradually appeared. The leader of the imperial court was generally the Eight Dukes. If the emperor did not handle most of the political affairs himself, then generally one of the eight dukes would "record Shang Shu Shi". Yang Hu is a Chinese general + scattered horseman. General of the Chinese Army is the name of Sima Yan changing the leader of the Central Army. Scattered riders are added officers. But it shows that Sima Yan would often summon Yang Hu to ask right. Jia Chong as a general on the chariot. From the public level. Du pre served as Henan Yin. And with Jia Chong and others to cultivate the Law of Jin. Jin Law is also known as Zhang Dulu, strictly speaking, the most important editor should be Zhang Fei + Du Pre. Jia Chong has always been a nominal leader.
Later, there were two more famous clansmen, Sima Jun, who was at this time the general of Andong and the military governor of Yuzhou. Sima Ling,Right General,Supervisor Yanzhou. In fact, looking at the Wei and Jin dynasties, the miscellaneous numbers of various generals do not need to be looked at. That's like a Song Dynasty official position. What really matters is the dispatch of the later Wei and Jin versions, the Governor X State Military.X State Assassination History.But it is much better than the redundant officials of the Iron-Blooded Great Song Dynasty. At that time, the national administrative system, county magistrate / order - > county Taishou - > prefecture thorn history - > governor. Metropolitan governors can be both one state or several states. But there is also inevitable conflict with the state assassin and the governor. There will be a lot of such conflicts in the future. Sima Ling and Sima Wang, when Sima Yan suspected that Shi Bao had a rebellious intention, was sent to lead a large army to recall Shi Bao. Shi Bao was relieved of his official duties after returning to Beijing and was later appointed Situ.
One of the things Sima Yan also did was to pardon Deng Ai's entire family. Pardon, not rehabilitation.
In the fourth year of the Tai Dynasty (268), Eastern Wu launched a wave of attacks on the Western Jin Dynasty. This was the first large-scale war after the fall of the Shu kingdom. Eastern Wu was slowed down because Sun Hao had just taken the throne. Otherwise it could be a little faster. Stick with each other for a few more years. Basically There was no hope for Eastern Wu. The result, of course, is failure." Jingzhou assassin Shi Hu lie defeated Wan Yu. Wu's general Gu Rong Kou Yulin (顾容寇郁林), Taishou Mao Jiong (太守毛炅) was greatly destroyed, and he beheaded Liu Jun (劉俊) and the general Xiu Ze (修則). In November, Wu sent Ding Feng and others out of Qianpi, and Sima Jun and Sima Wang shot them away. "It can be said that all the Western Jin Dynasty have won victories. Six years of Ding Feng into the vortex mouth. Defeated by the Yangzhou Assassin Shi Xianghong.
At this time, there was a problem with the western side of the Western Jin Dynasty. The humble bald tree function rebelled. Baldness, most of which is known to be another transliteration of Tuoba, is also the ancestor of the later Southern Liang Dynasty. At this time, the bald part has been separated from the toppled part for a long time. Baldness is mainly in the three states of Yongqin Liang. Tuoba is mainly and north of the state. (Pictured: https://pic.baike.soso.com/ugc/baikepic2/4656/20160729202053-1244608574.jpg/0) The root cause of the rebellion of the bald tribe is the struggle for land between the west and the Han people since the Eastern Han Dynasty. The trigger is that the bald ministry may have been promised benefits when Deng Ai entered Shu, and the latecomers, not only did not recognize, but may also try to invade them. We have previously talked about the history of the two important states of the Eastern Wu Northern Expedition, Hu Lie and Qian Hong. Qin Prefecture assassin Shi Hu Lie attacked the rebels at Wan Hu Dui, fought hard, and died. That is, to die in battle.
I have to explain a few things, 1, Hu Lie, was the son of Hu Zun, the general of Wei Che. Together with Wei Wan, his son killed Zhong Hui. Anding Hu. It is a bit of a level of warrior clan, such a person died in battle, the problem is a bit big, have to pay attention to it.2, Qinzhou Thorn History was formed the year before. The demolition of Yongzhou Liangzhou plus a small piece of Liangzhou should be to prevent bald tree function and so on.3, Chen Qian is Hu Lie/Xianghong's superior, and the advice given to Sima Yan is that the two are "brave and unscrupulous, stronger than self-use, not Suibian talents, will be a national disgrace". And Chen Qian knew but did not persuade again. As a result, both were ultimately defeated.4, because this time Hu Lie's death, another consequence was that Sima Liang was dismissed from his post. He sent his general Liu Xu to rescue him, but Liu Xu did not go. Originally sentenced to death, Sima Liang took the initiative to take the guilt. Shortly after Sima Liang was appointed as a general of the Fu Army, he accepted Wu's surrender. Sima Liang was the elder brother of Sima Jun and the beginning of the Rebellion of the Eight Kings. From here you can see his characteristics, not knowing the military aircraft, Kuan Ren.
Shortly thereafter, (seven years later) Keihiro was also killed in battle during the Liangzhou Assassination History. We have to come back and say Du Pre. At that time (six years) Du Pregang served as a lieutenant of qinzhou assassin history + eastern Qiang. However, Shi Jian, who had a disagreement with Du Qian, served as the general of Anxi to oversee the military forces of Qin Prefecture. Shi Jian forced Du Pre to fight, but Du Pre understood that he could not fight at this time. Thus Du pre-dismissed the official. The evaluation given in the history books of Shi Jian seems to be good, but the previous lies are reported for battle achievements. It's embarrassing. After returning to Beijing, Du Pre was enabled to be the Du Zhi Shangshu. As mentioned before, Shang Shutai has seized various powers such as the former Great Sinong and Shaofu, the core of which is finance. Du Zhi Shangshu manages this. Later, Shi Jian and Du Pre fought again, and both sides were dismissed. Du Pre received the Zhishang Shu as the "Marquis of San". This was a situation that often occurred during Sima Yan's reign, and the court was constantly fighting for various reasons, and Sima Yan would often dismiss officials as a result. But it does not affect the re-enabling. Later will be mentioned another degree branch Shangshu Zhang Hua. The same is true.
What also happened in the seven years was that the Xiongnu marshal Liu Meng rebelled out of the plug. This is going to touch on a larger topic, the merger state and Xiongnu policy since the Western Jin Dynasty.