History is mostly serious, but sometimes it's a joke. After Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty, history gathered enough momentum and made a big joke.
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Emperor Dezong's crown prince was called Li Shu (李宅), a "reciter", who was good at words and exports into chapters, and was very good at lip service; however, Li Shu suddenly suffered a stroke when he was about to ascend the throne as emperor, and although he left a life, he never even spoke a word.
Li Xuan stumbled and ascended to the throne of God with difficulty, his eyes were crooked and his mouth was crooked, and his mouth could not speak, so he could only hide behind the curtain to listen to the government. This is different from Wu Zetian's initiative to listen to the government in order to seize power, Li Shu had no choice but to close the curtain in order not to let the courtiers see his ugly state.
The eunuch Li Zhongyan and his favorite wife, Niu Zhaorong, became a bridge between Li Xuan and his ministers to communicate about political affairs. His temple name was Tang Shunzong, but he had been in power for less than a year, and he was not smooth, the government was not smooth, and everything was not smooth.
Everything came to him.
Tang Shunzong, who was ill and ill
However, the protagonist of today's story is not Tang Shunzong, who is unlucky, but another person named Wang Shuwen.
Shunzong was not smooth, but under the leadership of Wang Shuwen, he carried out a change of law with great fanfare, known as the "Yongzhen Innovation", and of course in the end it was not smooth, because Wang Shuwen itself was not smooth.
The ancients liked to rank in the "Bozhong Uncle Season", And Wang Shuwen was probably Wang Laosan, but although his name was "Wen", he probably did not have any culture. The Tang Dynasty's examination of scholars was usually like today's college entrance examination to select talents, but Wang Shuwen was not admitted to the jinshi.
The Old Book of Tang says that he was "a chess player, a rough reader, and a good reason." The so-called "waiting for the commandment" means that a person with a skill is ready to listen to the emperor's call. Chess is waiting for the commandment, that is, when the emperor wants to play chess, he will find you as a master to play.
Because Wang Shuwen played Go well, he could write a few good characters and was good at rhetoric; and because he came from the folk, most of what he said was fresh folk anecdotes, which made Li Shu, the prince who lived in the Eastern Palace, often refreshing.
Wang Shuwen, who is full of ambition
When Li Shu was the crown prince, Wang Shuwen was a "chess player waiting for the commandment", and when he wanted to play chess, he asked Mr. Wang to come over and chat; when he became emperor, he appointed him to be a Hanlin scholar, and when he encountered state affairs and family affairs, he was asked to be a staff officer and make suggestions.
Wang Shuwen was called Shunzong's confidant.
Because of this origin, Emperor Shunzong had great, very trust in Wang Shuwen; and because there were no various powerful prime ministers before the Tang Dynasty, Wang Shuwen was particularly powerful. It was also because by the time of the Tang Dynasty to Shunzong, the government was already rotten beyond control, and Wang Shuwen, who had become a Hanlin scholar, could not see it, so he was determined to engage in a vigorous reform movement.
He wanted to play a big game, but he played a dead game.
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Wang Shuwen's Yongzhen Innovation was complex, and he led the drafting of 33 measures and more than 300 drafts. In summary, it includes abolishing the palace city, releasing the palace women, expelling corrupt officials, collecting eunuchs and military powers, reducing taxes, and exempting all kinds of roads from entering the country.
It basically meant letting the extra palace ladies in the palace go home, sending away corrupt officials, taking back the military power held by eunuchs, reducing the heavy taxes that weighed on the heads of the common people, and blocking the property that paid tribute everywhere.
As for the so-called palace market, it is that the eunuchs, under the banner of the emperor and the lady, snatched goods from merchants at low prices or even free of charge, called buying, which was actually robbery.
Bai Juyi has a poem called "Selling Charcoal", which describes the tyranny of the eunuch Gongshi. The "yellow-robed messenger in white shirts" was the eunuch who acted as the agent of "Miyaichi", who sold charcoal "a cart of charcoal, more than a thousand catties"; they did not give money, took out "half a horse of red yarn and a piece of silk", "tied to the bull's head to fill the charcoal straight", and forcibly snatched it away. This is the government, similar to the robbers.
Bai Juyi's poem "Selling Charcoal"
Therefore, Wang Shuwen's change of law is at the right time, and it has also won the hearts of the people, and the history books say that the innovative measures of Wang Shuwen were "cheered in the city" and "people are very happy", and the people were very happy and greatly supported.
Of course, Wang Shuwen, a Hanlin scholar, could not accomplish anything, let alone change the law, but he had a way and also formed his own power network.
In general, he is the shadow prime minister, and there is another Hanlin scholar Wang Ling in the class, "伾" means great strength, Wang Ling is a Hercules surnamed Wang, he is not a jinshi, and like Wang Shuwen, in his early years, he served as a "book to be commanded" around the prince Li Shu, because the writing was good.
Wang Shuwen's direct access to Shunzong included the eunuchs Li Zhongyan and his favorite concubine Niu Zhaorong, which ensured that his opinions were justified from Shunzong; the righteous chancellor had Wei Zhiyi, who was able to implement Wang Shuwen's decisions; and those who drummed and shouted for him were even more masters of the world, the most famous of which were Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi, liu Zongyuan was one of the eight masters of the Tang and Song dynasties, "The Snake Catcher Says" is still in the middle school language textbook, and Liu Yuxi's article "The Buried Room" is a well-known passage throughout the ages.
It is said that Wang Shuwen's change of law from top to bottom, from the inside to the outside, with the help of so many people and the support of so many people, it is bound to go smoothly and successfully, right?
However, it was not, and his vigorous Yongzhen Reform was only carried out for 146 days, which was almost the same as the Penghu Reform Law in the last years of the Qing Dynasty.
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Reviewing Wang Shuwen's changes, it can be found that his failure is inevitable, which includes subjective and objective factors.
Subjectively, his hard-hitting temper drove his teammates, and possibly teammates, into enemies.
Prime Minister Wei Zhiyi, Wang Shuwen's colleague and ally, and the actual executor of Yongzhen's reform. Wang Shuwen stood behind, Wei Zhiyi stood in the foreground, without Wei Zhiyi, Wang Shuwen's innovation was basically difficult to move forward.
According to the history books, Wang Shuwen was "cut and rigid", which means that he is anxious, admits to death, loves to raise the bar, and cannot hear different opinions, especially the opposition to his Yongzhen innovation.
A local official named Yang Shichen went on a business trip to the capital Chang'an, drank small wine in the tavern and complained, criticized Yongzhen's innovation, and scolded Wang Shuwen with a big scolding.
Ancient street markets
Wang Shuwen did not do it, he found the prime minister Wei Zhiyi and said, You give me a beating of the sheep shichen stick!
This is not a negotiation, but an order. Wei Zhiyi was unwilling or disagreed: Yang Shichen just said a few strange words, where can he commit the crime of asking for people's lives?
Wang Shuwen did not give up: he slandered me and the court's major events, and his sins could not be cursed, and his sins were unforgivable!
Wei Zhiyi simply did not know Wang Shuwen: the previous Emperor Taizong could oppose it, and he did not see Wei Zheng being beaten to death with a stick. What kind of person are you Wang Shuwen, you are doing things so perfectly, you can't tolerate others saying a few unpleasant words?
Wang Shuwen was choked and rolled his eyes: Then behead and show the public!
Wei Zhiyi felt that Wang Shuwen was incomprehensible: the country has laws, and you can't arbitrarily promote a person or kill a person because of your likes and dislikes. I wei someone who can never be your accomplice.
After Yang Shichen got the news, he was so frightened that he left Chang'an and fled for his life.
If Wang Shuwen only had such a little awkwardness with Wei Zhiyi, it would not be a big deal, and he would still be more unhappy with others and himself.
Wang Shuwen was unaware of his problem.