Author: Wu Zhiqiang
Teng Daiyuan, a native of Tortoiseshell Po, Mayang County, Hunan Province, joined the Communist Party of China in December 1925, served as secretary of the CHANGSHA Suburban Committee of the COMMUNIST Party of China, chairman of the Hunan Provincial Peasants' Association, secretary of the Xiangdong Special Committee of the COMMUNIST Party of China, transferred to the secretary of the Xiang'e-Ganbian Special Committee of the CPC in 1928, led the Pingjiang Uprising with Peng Dehuai and others in July of the same year, served as a party representative of the Fifth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and after 1930, successively served as the political commissar of the Third Army, the deputy general political commissar of the Red Army, the director of the Armed Mobilization Department of the Revolutionary Military Committee of the CPC, and participated in the successive uprisings in the Central Soviet Region." In the summer of 1934, he went to the Soviet Union to attend the Seventh Congress of the Communist International, merged into the Lenin Academy, returned to Xinjiang in the spring of 1937 to receive the remnants of the Western Route Army into Dihua (present-day Urumqi), and after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, successively served as chief of staff of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, acting president of the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, chief of staff of the Headquarters of the Eighth Route Army, and member of the Northern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he served as deputy commander of the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Military Region, participated in the organization and command of the Shangdang Campaign and the Handan Campaign, went to Beiping in December 1945 to participate in the work of the Executive Department of the Military Investigation Office, was sent to Chongqing and Nanjing to assist Zhou Enlai in armistice negotiations with Kuomintang representatives, returned to the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Military Region in the autumn of 1946, was appointed deputy commander of the North China Military Region in May 1948, was appointed director of the Railway Department of the Central Military Commission in November, and later concurrently served as the commander of the Railway Corps.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as the minister of railways, the founder of China's railway industry, and the founder of the railway corps. He was elected as a member of the 7th to 10th CPC national committee and vice chairman of the 4th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He died in Beijing in December 1974. However, during the early agrarian revolution and horse career, Teng Daiyuan strategized the Prancing Horse and rode the battlefield repeatedly, but Teng Daiyuan encountered two life-threatening stories in Gannan and is little known.
On January 30, 1929, the Red Fifth Army led by Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan withdrew from Jinggangshan to break through, was chased by the enemy all the way, and on the night of February 9, Chinese New Year's Eve came to Zhouwu Village, Dayu New Town, where the landlord and gentry were feasting on a feast for Chinese New Year's Eve, and the sleepy and tired Red Army arrived. "Run! The bandits are coming! The panicked landlords and gentry all ran away, and in the face of the tables full of fish, meat, wine, and dishes in the landlord's gentry's home, the officers and men of the Red Army who were hungry and tired were elated, smiling happily, and eating and drinking.
Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan also happily ate the Chinese New Year's Eve meal prepared for the Red Army by the landlords and rich men together with the officers and men. Knowing that this place is thirty or forty miles away from the enemy's stronghold, and that there are telephones in nearby towns, it is estimated that the enemy army already knows that the Red Army has arrived in Zhouwu, has already dispatched to march toward the Red Army, and may be surrounded by the Red Army before 12 o'clock in the evening, so while eating, he said to the party representative Teng Daiyuan: "Eat quickly and leave quickly, even if you leave the village five miles after eating, it is better to leave the village for five miles to camp." Who knew that the officers and men were too tired, and everyone advocated staying in the village to rest for one night, saying that it was no problem to leave before dawn the next day, and even Teng Daiyuan, a representative of the military party who never interfered with peng Dehuai's military operations deployed on weekdays, did not agree with Peng Dehuai's opinion, and advocated that the troops stay in the village to camp, so angry that Peng Dehuai was violent and indescribable.
After the meal, the troops fell asleep in the Zhouwu Village, and even the guards who had sentry fell asleep; Peng Dehuai did not sleep, nor did he dare to fall asleep, and with his eyes open, he beat his spirits and walked around outside the village to guard against the enemy situation. Around midnight, sure enough, the sound of firecrackers was mixed with the sound of flying bullets, Peng Dehuai knew that the enemy army had sneaked in, hurried back to the village, woke up the trumpet soldiers to blow the emergency assembly number, the confused Red Army officers and men had just gathered outside the village, the surging enemy troops had already chased and rushed to arrive, the sound of popping bean-like gunshots sounded outside the village, bullets whizzed toward the village, and the troops began to panic. In the darkness, Peng Dehuai and Teng Dai were far from having time to count the number of troops, and quickly ordered the whole army to advance in the direction of Xinfeng County in Gannan Province. Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan led their troops to hurried to the zhangjiang river, but they were still frantically pursued and blocked by the enemy army, Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan commanded the troops to rush forward, using large knives and rifle butts to repel the enemy, cangqi crossed the Zhangjiang River, and walked for more than ten miles in the direction of the Xinfeng River. In addition, the two or three hundred Red Army troops who had withdrawn from the village went in the wrong direction in the confusion and went in the direction of Nanxiong, Guangdong, without a leader, and were scattered by the reactionary vigilante group in less than a month.
The Red Army, led by Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan, crossed the Tao River at the Xinfeng River and continued to advance in the direction of Anyuan, Huichang, Ruijin, and Yandu in Gannan Province.
In early March, Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan led the Red Army to the area around Chaling and Yandu in Xingguo County for short rest. During the recuperation period, Teng Daiyuan sent personnel to contact Zhang Wenhuan of the CPC Yanbei Special Administrative Region and the CPC Yandu County CPC Committee. Subsequently, Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan presided over a military meeting attended by Zhang Wenhuan, responsible person of the Yanbei Special Administrative Region of the CPC, and ZhongShenglou of the 15th Column of the Gannan Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army (The Red Guards at Qiaotou), at Qiaotou, and decided: "We ask the soldiers of the Red Army not to be discouraged or discouraged when they are frustrated, to redouble their efforts, to regroup their strength, to boost their fighting spirit, and to strive to fight several wars of annihilation." Soldiers are fast! Bypass the main force of the Kuomintang Liu Shiyi and rush to attack the county seat of Yandu in Gannan Province! After the meeting, Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan sent Zhang Wenhuan, dressed in disguise, and some of the Red Guards of qiaotou to the county seat of Yandu first, to further clarify the enemy's situation, choose a breakthrough site, and prepare siege equipment.
On the 6th, Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan led the Fifth Red Army and the Red Guards of Qiaotou to five or six hundred men, marching in the starry night, and set off from the garrison without stopping, bypassing the Jingwei Regiment in the north to protect the Jingwei regiment, preventing the pursuit of the Kuomintang troops from Ma'anxu, arriving near the latent county town at 12 o'clock in the evening, and sending people to detour to Dongmen Yaojiao and the mayou pit in the western suburbs to cut the telephone line. The night is late, the spring is cold, the moonlight is like water, and the stars are twinkling. The tribute water flowed quietly and non-stop, and the ancient city wall was like a black python, still lying tired and cowering there. At 3:00 a.m. on the 7th, the Red Fifth Army issued a siege signal bomb at the north gate; with the cooperation of the personnel inside and outside the city, Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan took the lead in sending a detachment to cross the city wall in four ways, open the city gate, and the Red Fifth Army immediately rushed into the city to fight with the Kuomintang defending the city. The county yamen, public security bureaus, and judicial offices burned down thick smoke and flames soared into the air; the beams and pillars of the county yamen were bent and the walls were broken, and the county magistrates who were frightened and frightened absconded from their crimes, killing more than 20 officers and men below the director of the public security bureau, the inspector general, and the inspectors and officials. "Peng Dehuai's Self-Description" recalled: "After this battle, the masses around Yandu called this Red Army a heavenly soldier."
Between battles, Teng Daiyuan was anxious to find the whereabouts of the main force of the Red Fourth Army, and after breakfast, he led the guards into the post office of Yandu County, which was messy and messy, and envelopes and newspapers were scattered on the ground. Teng Daiyuan casually picked up a newspaper and looked at it, the guards put the newspapers together, and then cleaned up and cleaned the room, Teng Daiyuan felt that the shell gun in his waist was in the way, he took it out and put it on the counter of the post office, when he read a newspaper and picked up another one to read, suddenly his eyes widened, and he hurriedly whispered: "Jiang Gui broke out of war, Chiang Kai-shek's three-way army besieged Wuhan, and Zhu Peide's troops who attacked Jinggangshan immediately gathered troops and marched westward." Teng Daiyuan slapped his right hand on the counter with pleasure, Le Ji was sad, unfortunate things happened, a shot of "Ding", Teng Daiyuan's shell gun went off, and he was shot in the chest.
The guards heard the gunshots and thought there was a situation, and all of them drew their guns in their hands, only to see Teng Daiyuan's eyebrows furrowed, covering his chest with his hands, blood flowing out, and rushing forward to support him.
Teng Daiyuan was quickly sent to The Yandu Local Hospital, and Peng Dehuai, who had received the news, hurried to visit the hospital and was ushered into the operating room by Teng Daiyuan's guards, who were scrubbing the exposed wounds. The pale Teng Daiyuan clenched his teeth and lay on the hospital bed, the beads of sweat flowed straight down, he did not hum, his eyes were still so bright, the wound had been treated and bandaged, Peng Dehuai frowned and was reprimanding the guards, turned to Teng Daiyuan's bed and asked anxiously: "Do you think it is better?" Teng Daiyuan said apologetically, "Don't blame the guards, they all blame me for being too careless." Peng Dehuai comforted him: "Things have come out, don't be sad!" Teng Daiyuan licked his dry lips with his tongue and instructed, "Now the burden is all on you alone..." I read in the newspapers that Chiang Kai-shek and Li Zongren fought the Chiang-Gui War, and that the enemy who attacked Jinggangshan also withdrew to Jiujiang. ”
Although Teng Daiyuan was wounded in search of news of the main force of the Red Army, he also received an important piece of news: the enemy who besieged Jinggangshan had retreated. Peng Dehuai held a meeting of cadres and fighters to discuss the next move, and the Red Army, which was gathered together, expressed their views and talked about it, and their morale was extremely high. The Red Army from Jinggangshan said, "Taking advantage of the enemy's retreat, we can fight back to Jinggangshan." The Hunan Red Army rolled up his sleeves and stretched out his arms and said, "Yes! Jinggangshan was lost by us, and we will take it back. Zhang Wenhuan of the Yanbei Special Committee said with some trepidation: "Let's have so many people, go back to Jinggangshan?" The Hunan Red Army shouted with its arms around it: "We lost Jinggangshan, and if we don't take it back, what will the villagers think of us, not to mention that the party representatives are still injured!" Peng Dehuai has been listening carefully, "The weather is slowly getting hot, we are still wearing winter clothes, can we do a little single dress." "I heard that there is a Kuomintang quilt factory in Anyuan." "Yes! Fight Anyuan! "Peng Dehuai considered this question in a cacophony of chatter." Good! Take down Anyuan! "The meeting reached a consensus through joint consultation: Fight Anyuan!
The Kuomintang Liu Shiyi, who was eager to move, dispatched troops and prepared to wait for an opportunity to counterattack the county seat of Yandu, and Peng Dehuai immediately made a decision, and at 3 p.m. on the same day, he carried the dazed party representative Teng Daiyuan and led his troops to evacuate the county seat. The Nandu River flows rapidly, with heavy rain, muddy roads, long streams, and overflowing fields. In the evening, we entered the village of Liren Shuijing surrounded by mountains and stretching mountains. Hungry Red Army soldiers built pots, made fires to keep warm, and baked wet and dry clothes. On March 8, Peng Dehuai presided over the meeting of poor peasants in Liren Shuijing, and passionately called for: Poor workers and peasants organized to fight local tycoons, divide up the land, establish a red regime, and distribute the seized property to the poor peasants, and also gave 2 silver dollars to everyone at the meeting on the spot, and gave more than 100 guns and ammunition to the Red Guards at Qiaotou in The Yanbei Special Zone, the Liren guerrillas, the Buqian Party branch organization, and the small Water Mirror Village suddenly became noisy, with the assistance of the Liren Local Party Organization and Zhang Wenhuan (Liren Water Mirror People). Peng Dehuai arranged for Teng Daiyuan, who was seriously injured, and other seriously injured people to be evacuated to the Shuijing area to recuperate, and party representative Teng Daiyuan was transported to the home of Lin Liexian, a traffic officer of the rake mud pit guerrilla in Lirenxia Village, to recuperate.
On March 9, Peng Dehuai led Teng Daiyuan, a party representative of the Fifth Red Army, who was attached to the United States, and instructed Zhang Wenhuan to take good care of the party deputies, the thick clouds were low, the drizzle was drizzling, and the gongqiao post road at the mouth of the red army station was boiling up, and in the cold wind, the soldiers were dressed in roasted and dry military uniforms, their spirits were vibrant, their spirits were full of spirit, the red flag was flying in front of the team, the war horses were shouting, the villagers set off firecrackers, blew their heads, beat gongs and drums, and sent the Red Army to embark on a new battle journey. The cousins of the eldest mother took out freshly boiled eggs and sweet potato chips and stuffed them into the hands of the soldiers, and fought with affection to win the battle, and the team trekked along the winding Qilu Mountains in Southern Yan, through Hefeng, Chaoshi, and Maling to the county seat of Anyuan County, and the Red Fifth Army occupied the Anyuan Quilt Factory with lightning speed, and the officers and men of the Red Army changed into new costumes.
Peng Dehuai also learned Teng Daiyuan's method, obtained information from the enemy, came to the Anyuan County Government compound, the courtyard was cold and deserted, it turned out that the Kuomintang officers and soldiers had already heard the wind and fled, Peng Dehuai looked at the county government compound, probably hot, he opened his clothes and fanned the wind with a hat, and suddenly a Red Army held a circular in his hand, and shouted happily while running: "Commander! Commissar Mao, they have their whereabouts. Peng Dehuai was pleasantly surprised, and after taking a quick glance at the briefing, he said happily: "Committee member Mao wiped out more than 2,000 people of Guo Fengming in Changling Village, captured a large number of weapons and ammunition, and killed Guo Fengming on the spot, and the Red Army stationed in Changting, good news!" "Commander, are we still going back to Jinggangshan?" Peng Dehuai's face glowed red, his eyebrows fluttered with excitement that could not be concealed, and he simply said: "We will go east to meet the main force of the Red Army, and then send people to contact the party representative Teng Daiyuan." ”
However, the Red Army carrying the stretcher was one foot deep and one foot shallow, and placed the dizzy party representative Teng Daiyuan safely in Lin Liexian's house, which was a low and simple stilt building, stepping into the threshold, the building was simply furnished, two wooden chairs and several broken wooden boxes, a wooden bed, laid some straw, cushioned with broken cotton wool, and dug a hole in the wall. Be careful what you say.
The reactionary officials and local tycoons who escaped from the county town gathered the Kuomintang troops, cobbled together local vigilante groups, and together with the reactionary armed forces of the local tycoons and inferior gentry, they threw themselves at the county town with great momentum and sent armed vigilante groups to rush around like mad dogs. At the checkpoints inside and outside the county town to hunt down the Red Army, the adjacent Xianling Ancient Temple heard the sound of the pan drum cymbals from afar, the cigarettes were hanging out, like clouds steaming and fog, and the walls of the ancient temple gate were covered with creepy bones, and the bounty and wanted to arrest the wounded and sick scattered in the Red Army were not chilling. A line of sober black characters reads: "Nest bandits kill without forgiveness, bandits kill without forgiveness, and bandits kill without forgiveness..." "The temple master rises every day at dawn to clean the shrine and recite the scriptures, and to receive pilgrims from afar, merchants of the ancient stagecoaches, and porters who shoulder the burden of the upper and lower Fujian and Cantonese. Endless streams, listening carefully, occasionally mixed with a few shouts of footmen crossing the ancient arch bridge, Lin Liexian, who was walking from village to village, took down the cargo lang, lonely in the cold wind, clusters of shivers set up miscellaneous dried fruit and tobacco stalls outside the gate of the Xianling Ancient Temple, soldiers were in chaos, business was depressed, the income was very meager, and he barely made ends meet, and his real purpose was to carefully observe the passers-by, looking at Zhang Wenhuan, who was crouching on the top of the hill and letting go of the lookout, and there were people supporting the Communist Red Army everywhere in Shuijing Village. Cover Teng Daiyuan to heal his injuries and survive the difficulties.
Lin Liexian, alias Lin Rucheng, although twenty-six or seventeen years old, but has three or four years of experience as a traffic officer, in 1926 he was only twenty-three years old, a water mirror village peasant, became the county town and the Yanbei underground party secret contact point traffic, loyalty to the party is strictly tested, in the days of the enemy's crazy encirclement and suppression, the traffic officer is the most dangerous, but with his wit and bravery, again and again to overcome dangers into destruction, this time Teng Daiyuan hidden wounds, the party organization selected to arrange in Lin Liexian's family.
Every day, when eating, Lin Liexian will use a can of rice paste and spoon some mouthfuls with a spoon to feed Teng Daiyuan. Coinciding with the Year of Apology, Mi Zhu paid Gui, and Lin Liexian's own life was not rich, so he had to chew sweet potato shreds, carrots, and green vegetables to fill his hunger. In addition, I asked around about the remedies for healing injuries, and I also climbed sideways on the cliffs, the thorns of the old vines, stepping on the slippery wet moss, digging herbs, mashing wounds, and wiping my body! Serving, lifting urine, washing and cooking. One day, when Lin Liexian, who was lighting a vegetable oil lamp, boiled the medicine and fed Teng Daiyuan, saw his sweat-soaked patch gown, scraped by thorns, full of traces of broken skin and blood, his already thin face, even more sunken in, his eyes were covered with blood, Teng Daiyuan's heart gushed with a burst of acid, his eye circles were a little red, and he held Lin Liexian's wrinkled and rough hands and said gratefully: "After the victory of the revolution, the mountains and treasures of the north and south of the great river, the imitation meals in Beijing, and the feast of famous chefs, I invite you to eat it all over again!" It's true! On September 17, 1951, Chairman Mao Zedong and Minister Xie Jueya sent an invitation to Lin Liexian. At that time, Lin Liexian's wife Huang Yucai and 22 other people went to Beijing on behalf of the people of Gannan Revolutionary Laogendi to attend the National Day ceremony, and along the way they were greeted by the Jiangxi Provincial People's Government, the Wuhan Military and Political Committee, the North China Military Region of the CPC Central Committee, the Nanjing Municipal Cpc Committee, the Nanjing People's Government, the East China Military Region Headquarters, and the Political Department of the Third Field Army. Warm welcome and hospitality.
Under the cover of the people of Liren Shuijing Village and the careful care of Lin Liexian, Teng Daiyuan's chest scars gradually recovered and scabs, and he dressed up completely like a trader from Ganzhou, a pair of blue cloth long cedar, a pair of black cotton pants, in Lin Liexian's house for more than a month has learned some simple Hakka words, that is, when encountering people who visit the door to chat, Teng Daiyuan can also cope with a few words. At night, Teng Daiyuan gathered the poor people, followed the inducements, urged the knees to talk, and publicized the policies of the Communist Red Army, for whom the Red Army revolutionized! The local tycoons and inferior gentry oppressed the common people, and a series of vivid metaphors made the poor people suddenly open up, and everyone preferred this amiable and polite foreigner. Since then, every household has talked about anti-rent, the village house has rioted, and when Teng Daiyuan returned to Liren Shuijing Village again, it was not uncommon for his father to send his son, his wife to send his husband, his uncle and nephew to join the army, father and son to join the army, and three generations of grandchildren to carry guns.
On 1 April, when the Red Fifth Army and the Red Fourth Army met in Ruijin, the red army soldiers of the two armies were boiling with enthusiasm and their spirits were multiplied; when Zhu De and Mao Zedong learned that Teng Daiyuan was wounded and stranded in Yandu, they decided to return to Tantou, the capital of Yandu, to conquer the county seat again, the Red Fourth Army headquarters was stationed in songwu, the county seat, and the military political department was stationed in Guanwu, on the same day, Mao Zedong presided over an enlarged meeting of the former committee, and the meeting decided that the Red Fourth Army would stay in Gannan and the Red Fifth Army would return to Jinggangshan, and immediately send medical personnel to Liren Shuijing Village to examine and heal Teng Daiyuan's wounds. On 9 April, Zhu De and Mao Zedong met with Xiao Shao of the Gannan Special Committee of the CPC and Yin Shaolun, secretary of the Cpc Yandu County CPC Committee, at Guanwu, instructing them to quickly mobilize the masses of workers and peasants and establish an armed regime.
On April 10, Mao Zedong and Zhu De issued an order at the Headquarters of the Red Fourth Army to appoint party representatives of the Red Guards in Changting, Fujian. Immediately afterward, a meeting of activists of the Yandu Party members was held at the County Changcun Middle School, and the meeting decided to establish the Yandu Workers' and Peasants' And Soldiers' Revolutionary Committee and the County Red Guards, and appointed Zhang Wenhuan as the chairman and representative of the county Red Guards Party.
On 11 April, Mao Zedong and Zhu De presided over an enlarged meeting of the former committee at the Zhou Clan Ancestral Hall in the county seat, attended by Xiao Shao, member of the former Committee of the Fourth Red Army and representative of the Gannan Special Committee, Luo Shounan, director of the Central Military Department, Peng Dehuai, commander of the Fifth Red Army, and Teng Daiyuan, a party representative who had returned from his recovery. The action plan of the Red Army to carry out a close division of troops in Gannan was studied.
On April 12, the sky was high and the clouds were low, and the breeze was accustomed, the former committee of the Red Fourth Army and the Yandu County Cpc Committee temporarily set up a rostrum in Shaba, the east gate of the county seat, and held-------- a meeting of 10,000 people, and two brightly colored sickle and axe red flags were hung on the rostrum. Mao Zedong spoke at the meeting, and after the meeting, Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan left the county seat, crossed the Gongshui River in the south, and led the Fifth Red Army to advance in the direction of Maling and Niuling Xinfeng, and returned to Jinggangshan to restore the base area.
(Contributed by: Yudu County Historical Research Office)