In the four hundred years of the great division between the North and the South, even in the face of the threat of the Hu regime in the north, the rulers who lived in the south were still trying their best to deceive themselves and fight for power and profit, and did not care about the lives of the people in the north. At that time, the situation in the southern court was complicated, with both the Hao clan in the north and The Jiangzuo Shilin, and at the same time, the displaced people in the north also stirred up terrifying waves. In the turmoil of the situation, the emperor does not work at all, and the strongman who supports the army and respects himself is the destiny of heaven.
During this period, the "Northern Expedition" was nominally the main political and military goal of the Southern Dynasty, and the resources of the whole country were continuously invested. However, in fact, the Northern Expedition did not receive the attention it deserved, and successive generations of rulers tried to use the Northern Expedition as a springboard to gain the rule of the Southern Dynasty, rather than truly committing to restoring the rivers and mountains of the Central Plains. For example, the real Northern Expedition sect Zu Di was depressed, while Wang Dun, Huan Wen and other generals used the Northern Expedition again and again to accumulate personal fame and strength, with the intention of snatching the Mandate of Heaven from the Sima family.
Huan Wen was undoubtedly the first powerful minister to approach the usurpation of the throne. He quelled the civil unrest, recovered shu land, briefly entered Luoyang, once approached Chang'an, and had the potential to recover Guanhe, but unfortunately he failed and died, and his "ten thousand years of stink" can also be regarded as a request for benevolence. Huan Wen claimed that the emperor's failure was nothing more than two reasons: first, the gains of the three Northern Expeditions were not great, and Huan Wen could not establish enough prestige; second, although Huan Wen arbitrarily abolished the establishment and slaughtered the Yu clan, the strength of the Wang, Xie and other door valves in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was still strong.
"Whoever stopped the capital for four days was returned to his sister-in-law, and he could not sleep with illness. Ironically the imperial court added nine tins to himself, tired and urged. Xie An and Wang Tanzhi heard of his illness and kept things close. Xiwen did not reach the age of sixty-two. ”
After Huan Wen's death, his son Huan Xuan raised an army to enter the city of Jiankang, and after passing the emperor's addiction, established the Chu regime. It was only Huan Xuan who was absurd and corrupt, and did not create a solid ruling foundation for the Huan Chu regime, so the local powerful factions soon rose up to fight. In the process of the crusade against Huan Xuan, the general Liu Yu of the Northern Prefecture Army began to rise, and finally seized the country from the Sima clan, which can be described as "the father and son failed to succeed in their achievements, and finally made a wedding dress for others".
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Liu Yu: The first person in the Southern Dynasty!
Think of that year, Jinge iron horse, swallowed like a tiger.
Liu Yu was born in a family of inferior scholars in Nandu, a small and poor family, according to the path of the Nine Pins Zhongzheng system, this young man would not emerge in his lifetime, and the only way to have a future was to join the army- the most promising army at that time was the Beifu Army established by the famous general Xie Xuan. In the conquest of the Beifu Army, Liu Yu soon emerged as an important general. What really made Liu Yu rise was the crusade against Huan Xuan! Because the original Northern Fu army leader Liu Gaozhi defected before the battle against Huan Xuan at the behest of Sima Shi, which directly caused Huan Xuan to usurp the jin, Liu Gao's heart was lost, and the generals of the Northern Fu Army no longer obeyed his orders. When the time was ripe, the generals of the Northern Province Army united one after another and raised an army to defeat Huan Xuan. Among them, Liu Yu was outstanding and became the de facto ruler of the Beifu Army.
Under Liu Yu's Wenzhi martial arts, for the first time since the Yongjia Rebellion, the Han regime felt the glory of the past. Militarily, from 403 AD to 418 AD, Liu Yu destroyed the Southern Yan and other separatist regimes in ten years, basically recovered the Yellow River Valley, and quelled the internal rebellions of Lu Xun and Liu Yi; politically, he promoted the Yixi Tujue, suppressed the clan gate valves that could not be destroyed, appointed Han non-commissioned officers as officials, strengthened the centralization of power, stabilized the political and economic situation in the south, let the war-torn and turbulent Southern Dynasty enter a period of recuperation and development, ended the internal division of the Southern Dynasty for more than a hundred years, and became a unified country in essence.
In 417, Liu Yu's confidant Liu Muzhi (劉穆之), who had just retaken Chang'an, heard about this and feared a change in the middle of the dynasty, so he left Liu Yizhen and several generals to guard Chang'an and hurried back to the Jin state himself. However, the Northern Expedition relied heavily on Liu Yu's leadership, and when he left, Chang'an immediately fell into chaos, and the generals attacked each other, and were eventually defeated by the Xia Kingdom, and the Southern Dynasty army was seriously depleted. This is also the closest to the recovery of the Central Plains in the four hundred years of the History of the Southern Dynasty.
Although he did not recover Chang'an and the northern Yan Zhao lands, Liu Yu was still crowned king of song by Jin, jia jiuxi, and in 420 AD, he completed the Zen and established the Song Dynasty, completing the "formal process" of changing dynasties. After being proclaimed emperor, Liu Yu was also actively preparing for the Northern Expedition, but just when he was preparing for the Northern Expedition to Northern Wei and unify the world, he died of illness and the great cause of the Northern Expedition was defeated, which can be said to be a major turning point in history.
Even if he was saddled with "plotting to usurp the throne", Liu Yu's reputation in history was very good. Before Liu Yu, the clan gate valves came to power one after another, the imperial court became a puppet, and Sima Dewen, the last emperor of the Jin Dynasty, also sighed: "At the time of Huan Xuan, the Jin clan had no world, and it would be re-extended by Liu Gong for twenty years; today's events, this institute is willing." Especially at the end of the Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties, when the Han dynasty was invaded by barbarians, Liu Yu once again became a benchmark figure, and the late Ming Dynasty Confucian Wang Fuzhi said of him: "Zu Di, Yu Yi, Huan Wen, Xie An operated for a hundred years and were incompetent... After the Han Dynasty, before the Tang Dynasty, only the Song clan could be the lord of China. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Xia Zengyou said: "In the twenty-four histories, the lord of man won the righteousness of the country, the merit was high, and the Han was high, and when he pushed Song Wu, he must not be different from the one, but also have a Xuanxuan. "It was Liu Yu who made the Han people see the dawn again in that era of China's land sinking." In modern times, many historians, when studying the history of the Southern and Northern Dynasties of Wei and Jin, regard Liu Yu as the first person to solve the problem of door valve politics - unfortunately, Liu Yu did not formulate an effective system to curb door valves, until the establishment and popularization of the imperial examination system in the Sui and Tang dynasties, and the door valve politics really declined.
Earlier, after Liu Xiechan gave way, Cao Pi also said that he shared the world with Liu Xie, and when Liu Xie died, Cao Rui personally wept and sacrificed, and Cao Jiazhai did enough on the face; although the Sima family was unjust in the world, during which Sima Zhao killed Cao Xian, he could also do superficial kung fu to Cao Huan, so that Cao Huan could die well in Yicheng. When he reached Liu Yu's hands, he broke the rules, and after he succeeded to the throne, he first exiled Sima Dewen, the last emperor of the Jin Dynasty, and immediately sent people to suffocate, "Since then, the king of Zen has rarely gained everything." (Hu San Province) and the cause and effect were also fulfilled on Liu Yu's descendants--Wang Jingze at the end of the Song Dynasty led an army into the palace to force Liu Zhun to take the throne, and Liu Zhun asked: "Want to see and kill?" Wang Jing sneered, "Leave the palace." The same is true of the Sima family when the officials take the first place. Liu Zhun listened, knew that it was difficult to escape death, and said the famous words that were enjoyed by future generations: "May the future generations not be reborn in the Heavenly King's family!" (Oh, only a fallen monarch would say such a thing.) ）
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Xiao Daocheng: The Declining Southern Dynasty
After Liu Yu's death, Liu Yu's descendants began the battle royale mode, although Emperor Wen of Song stabilized for a period of time and raised troops in the Northern Expedition, but during this time Northern Wei was also rising, and finally "Yuan Jia Caocao, won the Canghuang Northern Gu". Many times the Northern Expedition was fruitless, but Xiao Daocheng came to prominence. Xiao Daocheng not only performed well in the attack of the Northern Expedition, but also repeatedly relieved the siege of the army that lost the Northern Expedition and defeated the generals who defected to the Northern Dynasty.
It is said that the Northern Expedition was an opportunity for careerists, and Xiao Daocheng also seized the opportunity and won the first bucket of gold for entrepreneurship.
After Liu Yilong was killed by his son, the Liu Song clans everywhere rebelled and turned themselves into fish, and the entire country was torn apart. Xiao Daocheng, who had good military skills, was ordered to fight the rebellion, and soon became the fire brigade leader relied on by the imperial court, and was promoted to duke. Stepping on the flesh and blood of Liu Song's imperial family, Xiao Daocheng, who was increasingly powerful, also clearly understood the danger of accompanying the king as a companion of the tiger, especially the later deposed emperor Liu Yu was murderous and murderous, so he attacked first, killing Liu Yu and supporting Liu Zhun as emperor. Then Xiao Daocheng eliminated the political enemies one by one, forced Liu Zhun to add nine tin to himself, and soon after he was proclaimed emperor by Zen, completing the entire process of being called emperor.
Unlike Huan Wen and Liu Yu, Xiao Daocheng did not have the same northern expedition feats as them, but more relied on the suppression of rebellion for the Song Dynasty, and under the bloody road was a gradually expanding ambition. Judging from his performance in fighting fires for the imperial court in the early days, how could he not be a model of loyalty and patriotism? And Xiao Daocheng's title of emperor also foreshadowed the deteriorating bad situation of the Southern Dynasty.
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Xiao Yan: Sometimes, I really think that Xiao Yan is a wonderful flower.
Although Southern Qi only had a short period of more than twenty years, the drama of cannibalism in the clan room refused to fall at all, and could write several big books -- the history of the Southern Dynasty was really crooked, and the clan room was accompanied by cannibalism, and even surrendered to the Northern Dynasty, which made people lament and sigh, if there is less cannibalism and more concerted aggressiveness toward the outside world, how can the country be short-lived? Unlike other figures, Xiao Yan was not born as a military general, but by advising the rebellion and helping the imperial court to quell the rebellion, he gradually took sole power and naturally embarked on the road of becoming emperor. Although everyone is the Lanling Xiao clan, but the throne is not a shared bicycle, and the change of people will naturally change the dynasty.
Why is Xiao Yan a strange thing?
First of all, Xiao Yan, who was called emperor at the beginning of the reign, still had some achievements, gained and lost in the war with the Northern Wei, and maintained the stability of the border. After that, even at one point, when the Northern Wei Civil Unrest was in place, the military force was pushed to Luoyang, the Yellow River. Unfortunately, when Yuwen Tai and Gao Huan were killing each other, he did not take further measures, wasting the great opportunity of the Northern Expedition.
Secondly, during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Buddhism developed rapidly in China, and Xiao Yan was extremely addicted to Buddhism, became a monk several times, completely abandoned the emperor's duties, and even let the imperial court pay for him to redeem him from the temple, which was really absurd. It was also under his rule that the landscape of the "Four Hundred and Eighty Temples of the Southern Dynasty" appeared, which was completely two extremes from the suppression of Buddhism by the Northern Wei Tuoba Tao and the Northern Zhou Yuwen Yong at that time. And judging from the situation at that time, if you don't suppress the spread of Buddhism, you will have a problem, and you should even become a monk yourself, which is absurd.
Again, in the face of the northern regime, it is somewhat of a head rat. When he accepted the traitor Hou Jing, he was really overjoyed, did not listen to people's advice, and was extremely gracious to Hou Jing. However, in the blink of an eye to negotiate peace with Eastern Wei, Gao Cheng asked him to hand over Hou Jinglai, and he hesitated, causing Hou Jing to launch a rebellion, and the life in Jiangnan was ruined, and Xiao Yan himself died of hunger and cold.
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Chen Baxian: The End of the Southern Dynasty.
As the last figure of the Southern Dynasty, Chen Baxian has always followed Xiao Ying's side, and the first half of his life has been in Lingnan, and he has established a meritorious career when he quelled the rebellion of Li Ben in Jiaozhou, and was appreciated by the imperial court. In 548, Hou Jing rebelled, and the hao clans in various places also raised troops, including rebellions and Qin kings. At this time, Chen Baxian had already organized an army, and Xiao Xuan, the clan who supported Jiangling, went down the river to attack Jiankang and eliminate Hou Jing. In the process of counterinsurgency, Chen Baxian and Wang Shengjie were the most credited, and the two continued to fight in the east and the west to maintain the Southern Liang court.
By 554, Western Wei had taken advantage of the chaos to invade Jiangling and kill the Liang emperor Xiao Xuan, and Chen Baxian had established a new monarch with Wang Sheng, but at this time, the two had differences. Originally, the two of them unanimously decided to support Xiao Fangzhi, the son of Xiao Xuan, but after wang sheng was afraid of Northern Qi, he planned to support Xiao Yuanming, Xiao Yan's nephew who was supported by Northern Qi. Wang Sheng's behavior of subjugating Northern Qi and Being a puppet caused Chen Baxian's dissatisfaction, and as early as two years earlier, Wang Shengquan had ceded Guangling to Northern Qi, exposing the Jiangdong region of Southern Liang to the threat of Northern Qi. Therefore, Chen Baxian attacked and killed Wang Monk and established Xiao Fangzhi to monopolize the government.
This also caused a rebellion by the generals of the Wang Monk's Defense Department, who rose up one after another to fight and even surrendered to Northern Qi, luring wolves into the house, and the Southern Dynasty fell into an unprecedented moment of crisis. When the Northern Qi army was approaching the city, Chen Baxian commanded the armies to fight a battle, repelled the Northern Qi army, and saved half of the Liang state. Perhaps it was at this time that Chen Baxian had the decision to become emperor.
Beginning in 557, Chen Baxian was given the title of Duke of Chen on the fifth day of the first month of September, with the title of Duke of Chen, with the title of Duke of Chen and the Title of Emperor of Chen as a Hundred Officials; on the third day of October, the Liang Dynasty gave Chen Baxian the title of King; in October of the following year, Chen Baxian was given the title of Emperor of Zen and the state name of Chen. At this time, after hou Jing's rebellion, the Southern Dynasty had lost a large area of territory in Huainan, Sichuan, hubei, and its national strength was greatly weakened, and the rulers were no longer able to carry out the Northern Expedition. In the Northern Dynasty, the Northern Zhou gradually became stronger, and after eliminating the Northern Qi, the Northern Qi unified the North, and the Southern Dynasty ushered in its final moment.
In the past four hundred years, the Qin and Han Empires have been in this hypocritical Zen concession, and the warlords of the Shi Clan Gate Valve and the Warlords have sung and appeared on the stage, and finally reached the final end. History is the most ruthless, and no one can laugh to the end. For the people of the time, the war is full of hell, they are not heroes, but because of the zen game of the big people, they are confused.
Zen rang is nothing more than selling fame and reputation, saying that it is ugly, that is, "when you become a bitch, you still have to build a torii". When he became a tyrant, he went to Zen and was defeated, and he could only be a thief who "plotted to usurp the throne of the dynasty". In the Book of Jin, Wang Dun and Huan Xuan lie at the end, while Cao Pi, Sima Yan, Liu Yu, Xiao Daocheng, Xiao Yan, and Chen Baxian are endlessly praised and praised in this era. Zhuangzi said, "He who steals the hook is cursed, and the one who steals the country is the prince; the gate of the princes is benevolent and righteous!" "That's right.
If you ask the reason, is there really a destiny?