<h1>The Xianfeng Emperor's teacher, He Guizhen</h1>
<h1>He Guizhen's family lineage:</h1>
He Fulong (He Guizhen's father), born (1777 ~ 1846), the character Junzuo, the number Fu Yan, buried after his death in Shizong City West Machang Cuiyun Mountain, the cemetery is quite spectacular, guarded by stone lions, the inscription of Lin Zexu can be seen on the stele, it is written by the famous Shizong celebrity Dou Gong, the doorpost is supported by the stone lion, and the yin inscription on the pillar is his son-in-law Dou Gong Seal Book. He Fulong married his wife Zhang Shi, who had three sons and two daughters. Eldest son: He Weizhen (何渭珍), the prefect of Wuchang, Hubei Province; the second son: He Huaizhen (何淮珍廪) Gongsheng (何淮珍廪), who succeeded he Guizhen's uncle as a son; the younger son: He Guizhen Jia Wujuren (何桂珍甲) was a Wujue(吴武人), a Scholar of the Hanlin Academy, and a teacher of the Xianfeng Emperor; the eldest daughter married Dou Yuan; the younger daughter married Ton Xinzhi, a native of Kunming. There are four grandchildren: Song Ling, Mei Ling, Chun Ling, and Zhi Ling
He Fulong's tombstone
<h1>Biography of He Guizhen:</h1>
He Guizhen (September 5, 1817 – November 3, 1855), also known as Danxi, also known as Danxi, Zixiang, and Nanlin Jushi, was a native of Danfeng Town, Shizong County, who was intelligent and studious since childhood, and had excellent academics. He Guizhen was a 18-year-old middle-aged man, a 22-year-old middle-aged soldier, and a 33-year-old teacher of the Xianfeng Emperor, because He Guizhen and the Xianfeng Emperor had a relationship with the Protégé of Tianzi, so they were deeply respected in the imperial court. He was only 39 years old at the time of his death. Qing Daoguang was an eighteen-year scholar, extremely knowledgeable, and famous for the excellent teaching of literature and calligraphy in Hanlin Academy, in 1846 as the governor of Guizhou Xuezheng, in September 1853 as Fujian Xingquan Yongdao, in 1854 he was awarded Anhui Huiningchi Taiguang Military Preparation Daoist, in March 1855 conquered Pushui, in November was killed in Yingshan County, Hubei Province, was killed by the twister general Li Zhao.
After a lapse of 9 years, Zeng Guofan he Guizhen ping wronged Zhaoxue, and kingd: "The post of zhao shi is a knight lieutenant, to Yu Wenzhen, and to build a shrine To Yingshan County." At this point, He Guizhen's loyalty festival was finally revealed to the world. He Guizhen married his wife Chen Shi, childless, and had three daughters, and his brother gave him his son, Mei Ling, as his son. His major works include two volumes of "Supplementary Zhuzi University Lecture Notes", four volumes of "Continuation of Theory and Authentic Sect", four volumes of "Liusongshan Fang Zhiyi", six volumes of "He Wenzhen Gong Testament", three volumes of "He Wenzhen Gongwen Collection", "University Yanyi Jieyan", "Xunmeng Thousand Character Text", etc., and the more popular first "Xunmeng Thousand Character Text", which was written in 1844, and later entered the Xianfeng Emperor to read it, obtained grace, and was printed and circulated many times, and as a popular educational reading book in the country. During the Guangxu period, it was printed by the famous calligrapher Chen Rongchang in Yunnan and included in the "Yunnan Series".
He Guizhen's Collected Writings
"A Thousand Words of Training":
Definition: a thousand words, that is, a thousand different words, four words and one sentence, written into an essay, dual rhyme, word meaning through, smooth rhyme, as a children's book, easy to memorize. He Guizhen's "Xunmeng Thousand Character Text" is a children's book he wrote in the twenty-fourth year of Qing Daoguang (1844 AD) imitating the genre of "Primary School", which expounds in the form of an account of the Fuxi clan from ancient times to the social celebrities of the early Qing Dynasty, and has described the important ideas of Famous Figures such as Tang Yu, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Zhou Gong, Confucius and other famous figures and the historical events related to them, edutainment in history, and the whole book highlights zhu Xi and Cheng Hao's theory. It can be said that He Guizhen's "Thousand Characters of Training" not only reflects his profound theoretical skills and high cultural attainments, but also is a description and portrayal of other people's character.
The purpose of writing the "Thousand Character Text of Training" was: The formation of social ills such as the unstable people's hearts, the lax rule of officials, and the lack of contribution of military subjects to the country during the Xianfeng Emperor were all caused by the lack of enlightenment and enlightenment, and the failure to break stereotypes and bad habits. To change this kind of malpractice, it is impossible to rely solely on the law, and only by relying on the daily enlightenment, enlightening the people, and discovering their respective consciences can we strictly implement the laws. Here, He Guizhen profoundly realized that social stability is related to the integrity of political style. Only by improving the quality of people through ordinary education can we achieve the goal of enriching the country and strengthening the people, and then put forward the idea of preventive education, preventing microaggressions, and eliminating all kinds of vices at the beginning of germination.
From the text of "Xunmeng Thousand Character Text", he Guizhen's educational thought: his view of scholarship is that "a thousand miles are long, the difference is in the millimeter", that is, the difference between scholarship begins in the millimeter, and the final result is a thousand miles, he Guizhen advocates that the principle of gradual management must follow the principle of step by step. He pointed out in the "Thousand Character Text of Training" that the moral education of children must follow the teachings of the ancient sages, and use the methods handed down by the ancient sages to tame the children, so that their words and deeds conform to the provisions of the ancient precepts. How can we follow the ancient teachings of the sages? He believes that first of all, it is necessary to carry forward the great deeds of the predecessors, help inspire future generations, and set an example for the predecessors to learn and inherit their virtues. Secondly, He Guizhen also proposed that the education of children should be based on etiquette, and advocated that the "Jing Li" and "Qu Li" should be used as one of the teaching contents. Third, those who demand that they be children must be loyal and filial and unify their loyalty and filial piety, which shows that He Guizhen has the idea of worrying about the country and the people.
He Guizhen's fan
He Guizhen's Thoughts on Worrying about the Country and the People:
He Guizhen received education in feudal orthodoxy ideology since childhood, and since childhood he has cultivated the character of worrying about the country and the people, and He Guizhen has scrupulously abided by the principle of always thinking about the people and worrying about the country at all times. He Guizhen grew up in a small town in the corner of the border, relatively close to the lower class of the people, therefore, for the people's livelihood and suffering, very concerned, he advocated vigorously building water conservancy, increasing agricultural production, enough food to reassure the people. When he was in his hometown, every street day, he had to bring some copper money to the street, never buying anything, but specifically looking for those whose clothes were torn and selling grain to "ask" the price, he secretly put the money higher than the grain price in the pocket of the grain seller, and then said: "Go back!" Grain is a treasure and cannot be sold." But those people did not understand what he meant, or still sell, until the seller poured grain only to find the copper money inside, understand what the man just said, after inquiring, people know that he is the famous He Hanlin. Because He Guizhen has a sister who marries Qian Xinzhi, the son of Daotai in Yunnan, as his wife, so if he has time, he will also go to Kunming to live for a few days, even in Kunming, he often helps those poor people, so many Kunming people know that Shizong Danfeng has a He Hanlin, not only good writing, better character!
Danfeng College
In October 1846, when his father died of illness, He Guizhen rushed to Jiangxia, and in the spring of 1847, he returned to Shizong and kept filial piety at home for three years. During this period, he personally prepared for the construction of the examination booth of Shizong Danfeng Academy, which played a positive role in promoting the development of local education in Shizong. In May 1849, the examination shed of the hometown academy was completed, and at the request of Li Dongguo of the county's main hall, he wrote the "Record of the Kao Peng Monument of the New Academy of Shizong", and wrote for the academy "On Xiu Chongsheng Township, Wanli Danshan, Young Fengsheng Yiqing Laofeng; Yucai Period To Serve the Country, Ten Years of Yellow Scrolls, Ancient Humanity Is Not Thin today's People." "Joint intention: The discussion show only returned to the hometown, ten thousand miles of Danfeng Mountain, the voice of new talents should be crisper than that of old talents; expect to cultivate talents to serve the country, many years of study, the ancients said not to despise the current people. This couplet reflects He Guizhen's eagerness to strengthen education in his hometown, cultivate more talents, and form a virtuous circle trend in which talents emerge from the blue and are better than blue, and also emphasizes the idea that education must serve the development of the country.
Danfeng Academy Kao Peng Monument:
Yunnan Danfeng Academy, located in Shizong, was founded in the Qing Dynasty Danfeng Academy Examination Tent Monument, and the danfeng Academy Examination Tent Monument in the existing Shizong No. 1 Middle School is one of the first batch of key cultural relics protection units announced by Shizong County in 1988. The monument was found in August 1984 when Shizong No. 1 Middle School built a new school building, the monument is horizontal rectangular, without a stele and a stele, bluestone texture, 0.93 meters high, 1.18 meters long, and 0.12 meters thick. The inscription has 16 lines of preface, 25 words per line, inscribed, and the left line of the main book. The preface mainly describes the history of the school in the early Qing Dynasty and the beginning and end of the preparation of the Danfeng Academy examination shed, and the names and time of the monument are engraved behind the stele such as the local officials, squires, and writers who prepared for the examination shed of the academy. Danfeng Academy and Kao Shed are the highest-level reading and lecturing places of Shizong in the light years of the Qing Dynasty, which are precious physical materials in the history of Shizong education and have important reference value for the study of the cultural development of Shizong in the Qing Dynasty.
He Guizhen's career and destiny:
【Reasons for the defeat of He Guizhen's army】
In February 1854, Gui Zhen was awarded the title of Taiguang Daoist of Huiningchi in Anhui, and in March he conquered Pushui, then conquered Yingshan, and beheaded the rebel general Tian Jinjue. Inspector Fu Ji ordered him to garrison Yingshan, but He Guizhen was in a very difficult situation. He led the army for 8 months, moved to Hubei and Anhui, and withdrew only three hundred taels of silver, which was not enough to provide a day's diet for the troops, at first, each person was given one pound of flour per day, then reduced to four people and one pound, and then one pound per ten people, then cut by half, and then halved. More and more militiamen joined the army, and with the crowd of Li Zhaofu's troops, so many people wanted to eat, but there was nowhere to find military food. He Guizhen's troops did not have food and clothing, but the Twister army was increasing, and the battles were more frequent. A general who has neither military assets nor the right to reward and punish. Accompanied by a capricious general, Li Zhaoshou. On June 25, 1855, this starving force was defeated.
[He Guizhen planted a "bomb" for himself]
Li Zhaofu was a general of the Twist Army, and at first he was very grateful to He Guizhen, but with the lack of food, he complained that He Guizhen could not feed them, and his heart was angry. Just at this time, his good brother Ma Chaojiang was killed by the Twist army, and Li Zhaofu was very angry, blaming the government for not being able to arrest the murderer and behead him to avenge Ma Chaojiang. He decided to do it himself, set up a spiritual seat for Ma Chaojiang, and summoned the old department of the Twist army to pay homage. As a result, the Commanders of the Qing Army in Anhui and Henan all complained to the Qing court, saying that Li Zhaofu had betrayed the imperial court again, and he was still wanted in the street market. Huo Shan County ordered a reward of 1,000 taels of silver to buy Li Zhao's head. Li Zhaofu felt that his life was not guaranteed, so he knelt down in front of He Guizhen and said that he had no objection. He Guizhen soothed it and only then settled down slightly. It just so happened that Fu Ji, the inspector of Anhui Province, wrote a secret letter to He Guizhen, instructing him to be careful to cut out the traitors, to preemptively attack people, and not to be controlled, but this secret letter fell into the hands of Li Zhaoshou. Obviously, the sinister purpose of this group of corrupt officials and corrupt officials to "reveal their books" is to use Li Zhao's hand to remove the nail in their eye, He Guizhen, so He Guizhen planted a bomb for himself.
Death of He Guizhen:
When Li Zhaofu saw Fu Ji's secret letter to He Guizhen, he mistakenly thought that He Guizhen had betrayed him, so on November 3, 1855, he pretended to set up a banquet, entertained friends, secretly set up an ambush, killed He Guizhen at the small south gate of Yingshan Mountain, burned the body, and discarded the ashes. Li Zhaofu simultaneously killed forty-seven of He Guizhen's retinue. He Guizhen was only 39 years old when he died, the best years of a man, and legend has it that when he was killed, a white gas overflowed from between the tiles on the roof like a white exercise, and disappeared after an hour. Shortly after He Guizhen's death, a Hui uprising broke out in Yunnan, and his coffin could not return to his hometown, so his heir Mei Ling moved Guizhen's coffin from Anhui to Henan and buried it in a farm outside the north gate of Yuzhou, Henan.
【Character determines destiny】
He Guizhen was upright in nature, not afraid of the powerful, repeatedly impeached the powerful in the official arena, accused bribery, every time he saw something, regardless of his own safety, dared to give direct advice, repeatedly impeached Qi Shan, Xiang Rong and other feudal officials, was dissatisfied with the high-ranking officials of the Qing court, and even more intolerable to the high-ranking officials, he did not take it as a warning, when he first met Inspector Fu ji, he talked about military issues, and it seemed that he was going to be a teacher of the grand marshal, which caused a strong dislike from his superiors. In the dark and decaying late Qing Dynasty, this personality also determined the tragic end of his life, and his tragedy was caused by the typical officialdom.
Tomb of He Guizhen: There are two Qing Dynasty tombs in the mountain recesses to the west of Cuiyun Mountain in Shizong County, and the ancient tombs are located in the recesses of the mountainside of the western foothills of Cuiyun Mountain, which are the tombs of He Father and Son, The Tomb of Father He Fulong, and the Tomb of Son He Guizhen. Their tombs are hidden deep in the pristine dense forest. Just like Liu Yuxi said: "The mountain is not high, but the immortal is named." "The charm of Cuiyun Mountain is not only in the beautiful landscape and forest springs, but also in the two ancient tombs of the He father and son in the depths of the dense forest, walking to the tomb, hanging the ancients, searching for history makes people linger, Cuiyun Mountain is famous inside and outside the province because of the ancient tombs."
【In memory of He Guizhen】
In order to commemorate He Guizhen, posterity named the North Gate Street of Danfeng Town where he lived after his nickname "Wenzhen Street". There is a road in Shizong County called "Danxi" Road, which is named by the people of Shizong in honor of him with the character He Guizhen.
Anecdotes of the He family:
He Guizhen's name comes from
It is said that when He Guizhen was about to be born, the silver light in the hall of He Mansion flashed and dazzling, and a refreshing fragrance of osmanthus flowers gradually spread from the hall. Everyone is wondering where the fragrance of osmanthus flowers comes from? After a while, the cry of a baby came from the room. Suddenly, the silver light disappeared, and the fragrance of osmanthus flowers disappeared. Guizhen's father said that this precious osmanthus fragrance could be used as his son's name, so let's call him Guizhen. He Guizhen was smart and studious since she was a child, going to school at the age of six, and going to the academy every morning when it was just dawn, passing through the City God Temple. One night, Chenghuang Ye Tuomeng gave a dream to He Guizhen's father, saying that your family Guizhen is the nether realm of Wenqu Star, the position is too high, I have to get up every morning to greet him, and the waist bar is cracked. After waking up, I went to see a finger-wide crack in the waist of the statue of Chenghuangye, and after dawn, I hurriedly found a craftsman to build a wall outside the temple, so that Chenghuangye could not see He Guizhen going to school. After a while, The City God Master said again: His waist is already good. When I looked again, the crack was gone.
The claim about the "Turtle Monument"
The eldest lord sent He Guizhen to Kunming to participate in the township test, the day was not yet light, the father and son duo and two family members, just walked to the back of the Xihua Temple, only to see a big turtle on the road to prevent traffic, the mount screamed and refused to go. Seeing this scene, He Guizhen's father turned over and got off his horse and knelt down to plead: "The divine turtle please give way, if Guizhen is selected in this township test, I will definitely erect a monument for the divine turtle and burn incense for you to kowtow." The turtle disappeared immediately, but a rooting stone soon grew on the left side of the road. After the group finished prostrating, they went on the road, He Guizhen really won the lift, and three years later, he won the jinshi, entered the Hanlin editing, and became the famous He Hanlin of Shizong. After the death of He Guizhen's father, He Guizhen and his brother He Weizhen jointly asked Lin Zexu to write a Shinto monument for his father. After Lin Zexu wrote it, he Hanlin brothers brought it back to Shizong, and in the place where the turtle appeared behind the Xihua Temple, the root stone was made into a turtle shape, and the stele was installed on the back of the turtle, and the inscription was carved by skilled craftsmen, which was very exquisite. This is the famous "Turtle Monument". During the Cultural Revolution, it was smashed by the Red Guards.
Xihua Temple
Bird towards Ho Han Lam Province
One winter, when the snow was in the fiefdom, the birds could not find food and were hungry and chirping, and they happened to meet He Hanlin returning home to visit his relatives. Seeing this, he instructed the three families to carry the wheat to find a place with many birds to scatter the wheat to feed the birds, sprinkle one bucket and two liters a day, scatter three buckets of six liters of wheat in three days, and on the fourth day the snow melted the sky, at this time thousands of birds and finches gathered above the Hanlin Province, chirping and chirping, circling over the He Mansion for almost an hour before slowly flying away, which is the origin of the birds towards the He Hanlin Mansion.
Son of Ho Han Lin
The He family can be regarded as a Wang family in Shizong, and by The generation of He Hanlin, it has been a family of officials for several generations, so it has left many relics, mainly books, filled with more than a dozen leather boxes, burned some during the land reform, and burned more during the "Cultural Revolution", afraid of being burned overnight, all burned. Due to the "Cultural Revolution", He Hanlin's direct blood relatives were all modified mei, did not dare to take the surname He, and did not live in Shizong, but lived in Mei County, Guangdong, which is now Meizhou City.
(This picture and text is based on the speech of teacher Zhang Jufen of Danfeng Middle School, and some pictures are provided by teacher Zhang!) If your rights are violated, please contact to remove! ）