On October 12, at the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity held in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China announced to the world that the Giant Panda National Park was officially established. The establishment of the Giant Panda National Park also means that all living beings living here will receive a complete, continuous, and more expansive home.
Giant panda is a giant panda of the carnivorous bear family, the only mammal of the bear family, the giant panda subfamily and the giant panda genus, known as "living fossil" and "Chinese national treasure", belonging to China's national first-class protected animals. Giant pandas are endemic to China and inhabit the mountainous regions of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu. With the intensification of climate change and the impact of human activities, the final habitat fragmentation, the giant panda habitat is isolated into 33 plates, and the corresponding giant panda population is divided into 33 local populations, and some small populations have a very high risk of extinction.
Since 1963, nature reserves have been established in Wolong, Chengdu, Sichuan and other places. In 1983, the China Giant Panda Conservation and Research Center was officially completed and put into use in Sichuan, and is currently the world's largest giant panda scientific research and protection institution. In 1987, Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base was established. It is understood that "difficult to estrus, difficult to conceive, difficult to survive pups" is the "three difficulties" of artificial breeding of giant pandas, through the efforts of scientific researchers of Wolong China Conservation Giant Panda Research Center, Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base and other giant panda artificial breeding scientific research institutions, Sichuan has made major breakthroughs in the research on artificial breeding, breeding and child-rearing of giant pandas, and has overcome the three major problems of giant pandas "difficult to estrus, difficult to mating, and difficult to raise children", and the breeding technology of giant pandas has reached the world's leading level. In July 2003, the China Giant Panda Conservation and Research Center in Sichuan launched the "First Phase of Captive Giant Panda Rewilding Training Project", sending the sub-adult giant panda "Xiangxiang" to the rewilding training ground for survival training and releasing it into the wild, which is an important step for the return of artificially bred giant pandas to the wild.
However, the protection management agencies have many branches, scattered settings, overlapping planning scopes, multi-head management and other issues, which seriously restrict the improvement of the protection and management level of giant pandas. The problem of habitat fragmentation and islanding has not been fundamentally solved, and the health of giant panda populations is still facing great threats. In January 2017, the pilot work of the giant panda national park system was fully launched. This is a state-led, highest-level conservation of giant pandas and their habitats, with pilot areas spanning Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces.
After the end of the four-year pilot, the giant panda and its companion animals will not only get a home, but also a smooth administrative management system, an innovation in judicial management, and a harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
I. Straightening Out the Administrative Management System Breaking the situation of "water management in Kowloon."
After the listing of the Giant Panda National Park Administration on October 29, 2018, the Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Bureau added the "Sichuan Provincial Administration of Giant Panda National Park" in November of that year, implementing a management system under the dual leadership of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration and the provincial government, with the provincial government management as the mainstay.
In January 2019, seven branches of the Sichuan Provincial Administration of Giant Panda National Park were simultaneously listed in Chengdu, Mianyang, Ya'an, Guangyuan, Aba, Deyang and Meishan, as the dispatch agencies of the provincial bureau, implementing a management system under the dual leadership of the provincial management bureau and the municipal (state) government, with the municipal (state) government management as the mainstay. At the same time, the sub-bureau integrates various types of protection agencies to set up a management station. So far, Sichuan has initially formed a three-level management system of "Provincial Administration Bureau - Management Sub-bureau - Management Station" of the Giant Panda National Park. At the same time, the boundaries of the park should be reasonably demarcated to protect the places that should be most protected. After the management system is straightened out, even if it is scattered in many areas of the province, the Giant Panda National Park is like a whole, implementing the same set of strict access "thresholds" and management standards.
II. Innovation in Judicial Management Guarding the bottom line of Panda's homeland
In the pilot project, Sichuan set up an ecological court of giant panda national park, and set up a precinct court in Chengdu, Deyang, Mianyang, Guangyuan, Ya'an, Meishan and Wolong, and set up a team of ecological prosecutors for the protection of giant pandas to explore the "three-in-one" trial model for criminal, civil and administrative cases involving environmental resources in the giant panda national park.
The Sichuan area of the giant panda national park in the pilot plan covers an area of about 20,000 square kilometers, accounting for 74% of the total area of the national park, involving many cities and states and various nature reserves. Previously, overlapping protected area institutions and different powers and responsibilities became management difficulties.
Third, "umbrella protection" more than 8,000 species live together to build homes
Since the pilot, Sichuan has invested 80 million yuan to complete 36 background surveys and 210 special surveys of more than 15,000 square kilometers of the original 23 nature reserves, basically finding out the main protection objects and resource management status of the pilot areas.
At the same time, monitoring and patrolling of species in national parks will be strengthened. Sichuan has deployed 7,800 infrared camera monitoring sites in the pilot area, focusing on monitoring 3,336 square kilometers of giant panda habitat and 1,668 sample lines. With the giant panda as the core, Sichuan has carried out biodiversity conservation in the pilot area to maintain the authenticity and integrity of nature.
Fourth, comprehensively plan the harmonious coexistence between man and nature
In the construction of the Giant Panda National Park, Sichuan explores a sustainable community development mechanism, plans the spatial layout of the "dot line surface" of settlement, online tour and surface protection, and basically forms a new ecological pattern of "people retreating from the cat".
Specifically, on the one hand, we will make overall use of policies such as poverty alleviation, disaster avoidance and rural dangerous housing renovation, and give priority to promoting the relocation of indigenous residents to the surrounding communities for concentrated residence. Integrate and improve the construction of public facilities in settlements and reduce unnecessary space development and utilization.
On the other hand, it is planned to build a number of entrance communities and characteristic panda towns, support the development of eco-friendly industries such as eco-tourism, science popularization and recreation, ethnic culture, panda cultural creation, and characteristic agriculture and forestry along the road, rely on the ecological experience of national parks and nature education to carry out reception services, and explore co-construction and sharing mechanisms.
Xiang Kewen, director of the Giant Panda National Park Administration, said that the construction of the national park has protected the integrity and authenticity of the natural ecosystem, and has also left precious natural assets for future generations. In accordance with the requirements of the central government, China has established a system of nature reserves with the theme of national parks, which are the highest level of nature reserves, which are based on the integrity and authenticity of the ecosystem, so as to realize the ownership of the state, the sharing of the whole people, and the inheritance from generation to generation.