Hello everyone, I am a clinician who has been practicing for many years. Breast cancer, I think many people are very familiar, a few years ago there was a young singer Yao Beina died in Shenzhen because of the disease, donated his cornea, left the light in the human world, touched countless people. In the era of talking about cancer, cancer has caused countless families to fall apart, and white-haired people have sent black-haired people. Then the incidence is second only to breast cancer, another major female malignant tumor cervical cancer, many people still do not know, in some developing countries or regions, cervical cancer has surpassed breast cancer in the first female malignancy. Cervical cancer in the cause, staging, treatment, prevention and other aspects of the content is very much, due to the limited space, today I will focus on men and cervical cancer risk factors to briefly popularize science.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > a brief introduction to cervical cancer</h1>
According to the World Health Organization, there are about 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer worldwide each year. Among them, 80% of the cases occur in developing countries, and There are 140,000 new cases in China every year, accounting for about 28.8% of the new cases of cervical cancer in the world, ranking first in the malignant tumors of the reproductive tract in women in China. In the past 50 years, Pap smear and cervical cancer screening and general treatment have been widely carried out at home and abroad, which has significantly reduced the incidence and case fatality rate of cervical cancer. However, in recent years, with the increase in the incidence of HPV infection and changes in social life in some areas, the incidence of cervical cancer has increased significantly. And the incidence of the disease in the past 20 years has shown a clear trend of rejuvenation.
● As everyone knows, a lot of work has been done in the etiology of cervical cancer at home and abroad. There are many studies that show that the male factor significantly increases the risk of cervical cancer. Specifically, such as male unhealthy sexual behavior, contraceptive methods, male genital hpillomavirus infection, foreskin and prostate factors, education level and economic income, living habits, occupation, etc. can affect the occurrence, development and prognosis of women's cervical cancer through various channels, so the role of men in the occurrence and development of women's cervical cancer can not be ignored, and it needs to be actively paid attention to.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" Data-track="59" Which factors > males are associated with cervical cancer in women? </h1>
●There are currently several studies that believe that cervical cancer is a sexually transmitted disease. Because its main cause, HPV (human papillomavirus), can be sexually transmitted, sexual behavior plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer and its intervention. There are many studies at home and abroad that confirm that men have multiple sexual partners or have sexual partners with cervical cancer, frequent sexual life, poor sexual hygiene, penile cancer, and cervical cancer in ex-wives can increase the risk of cervical cancer in their wives. Looking at the literature, a study in Thailand showed that men who had sex with prostitutes during puberty and between the ages of 20 and 30 were significantly more likely to develop cervical cancer in their wives. In addition, domestic case-control studies have pointed out that puerperal sexual intercourse can also significantly increase the risk of cervical cancer, so this is the first point we want to pay attention to!
●A large number of epidemiological investigation data show that cervical cancer can be caused by some sexually transmitted factors, especially HPV, and persistent infection of high-risk HPV is a necessary condition for the occurrence and development of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Many reports have shown that more than 95% of cervical cancer tissues contain HPV-DNA, of which HPV-16 infections are the mainstay. Followed by HPV18, 45, 52, 58, etc., genital HPV infection and the occurrence, development and epidemic of cervical cancer there is a causal relationship, more than 90% of cervical cancer with HPV infection, while about 95% of cervical cancer patients can detect high-risk HPV, so hpv infection has now been regarded as a high-risk factor for cervical cancer. In some studies, it has been confirmed that the probability of excessive infection of male sexual partners with penile HPV increases, and HPV, as a high risk factor for cervical cancer, is more likely to cause women to suffer from cervical cancer, so considering that male penis HPV can increase the risk of cervical cancer in his wife, so this is the second point we want to pay attention to!
●There are also relevant studies that show that condoms in men can reduce the risk of cervical cancer in their spouses, while on the other hand, the risk of cervical cancer is significantly increased in couples who rely on intrauterine devices or sterilization methods. Like the choice of oral contraceptives can enhance HPV virus expression through hormonal effectors in the viral genome, thereby increasing the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer in women, so relevant scholars consider that HPV infection is also related to contraception, the HPV infection rate in drug contraception is 70.5%, compared with other contraceptives The infection rate is the highest, and the relevant researchers consider that its reasons may be related to the long-term use of contraceptives in which progesterone can activate HPV E6, E7 fragments, increase the infectivity of HPV, And because of the long-term use of contraceptives, affecting the contraceptive barrier, male bodily fluids and cervical direct contact, adverse stimuli increase, so to say a joke, no condom is a temporary cool, but the related danger is greatly improved, so this is the third point we want to pay attention to!
●In addition, circumcision in men reduces pudendal bacterial carrying (because foreskin scale is one of the factors at high risk of cervical cancer), and studies have shown that women with sexual partners undergoing circumcision are less likely to develop cervical cancer than women who do not have circumcision. Female friends have noticed that men with 6 or more sexual partners and men who have sex for the first time before the age of 17 are high-risk groups for causing cervical cancer of sexual partners, so the triggers for cervical cancer are not only related to the time of the first sexual life, but also related to men, which many people have ignored. Studies have confirmed that male prostatitis and excessive foreskin are synergistic factors for the development of prostate cancer, while men with prostate cancer are susceptible to cervical cancer. At the same time, there are also data to prove that male circumcision can effectively reduce HPV infection, which also reduces the risk factor of cervical cancer in women. So that's the fourth point we're going to focus on!
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="60" > comprehensive summary</h1>
Hearing about cervical cancer, a female-specific malignant tumor, many men will disagree, thinking how can this be with us men. In fact, in summary, male behavioral factors, physiological factors, and social factors are closely related to the occurrence and development of cervical cancer in women. Therefore, my popular science article today is also intended to strengthen men's health education and improve health awareness. Cervical cancer is not only a problem for women, but also men should actively pay attention to related risk factors in order to better care for women's health and build a harmonious and happy home.
Author's message: This article is a comprehensive summary of the author's comprehensive time of several hours, do not join the column for fees, free and free for everyone to read. It may be helpful to those who are misled by rumors, who have no medical knowledge and no concept of health care. Headlines is an open platform where everyone can learn from each other, discuss with each other, and if there are different views, they can talk about their views in the comment area. If you feel that it is helpful to learn, do not be stingy, give a love, like, forward to help more people, thank you for support. #关注HPV预防, take care of the health of men and women ##健康明星计划 #
bibliography:
1.HAO Min,WANG Jingfang. Epidemiological research and investigation of cervical cancer (J).Foreign Medicine Maternal and Child Health Care,2005,16(6):404-406.
2. WHO HUMAN PAPTOVIRUS vaccine WHO Position Paper (October 2014)
3.Comparison of risk factors for squamous cell and adenocarcinomas of the cervix: a meta-analysis [J]. British Journal of Cancer, (2004) 90, 1787 - 1791