More than ten years ago, when you visit Shanghai, you will be amazed after the tour because the Bund, Nanjing Road, and The City God Temple are all hot spots! After returning home, I learned from the books and news that "Qi Xiujia is in the southeast" yu garden, and I regret not visiting the park so far, and I often have grievances and sadness.
After touring Huizhou, take the high-speed train from Huangshan North Railway Station for more than four hours to Shanghai, living near Nanjing Road. On the same day, check the route, look at the bus, find information, etc. to prepare for the park. The next day, through the bustling old city God Temple business district, to Yu Garden. Because Yu Garden is adjacent to the City God Temple, it is very convenient. And Yu Garden can be located in the bustling and noisy city and get a quiet land, which is a unique blessing.
According to historical records, Yu garden was built by Pan Yunduan, the envoy of Sichuan in the last years of Ming Jiajing, and after more than 20 years of construction, it covered an area of more than 70 acres at that time. "Yu" means peace and peace, and is named "Yu Garden", which means "happy parents". History has been ravaged and trampled by war many times, and has suffered severe damage. The First Opium War broke out, and the British forcibly occupied Yu garden. During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, after the failure of this uprising, Yuyuan Garden was destroyed by the British, and many buildings were burned down. After liberation, Yuyuan Garden was repaired by the government as it was, which lasted five years and covered an area of more than 30 acres, and was opened to the public after completion.
At present, Yuyuan Garden is a national key cultural relics protection unit. The door cover is exquisite, and there are fierce-looking stone lions on both sides, standing majestically on both sides of the door, and I suddenly feel solemn and solemn. He has visited Sansui Hall, Iron Lion, Yangshan Hall, Cirrus Building, Kuailou, Deyue Building, Yu Linglong, Jiyu Water Corridor, Tingtao Pavilion, Hanbi Pavilion, Inner Garden Meditation Hall, Ancient Opera Stage and other landscapes and more than 40 ancient buildings. Here strange, beautiful, quiet, idle in words, literature, art, ancient, Qing can not enjoy, in it, the heart is melted, involuntarily, by the layers, interlocking beauty left and right, is a condensed scenery, elegant leisure, fresh mountain stream, let me surprise. Every place puts me in a fairyland of romance, leisurely and elegant, lingering pavilions, endless ponds and ponds and lotus swimming fish... Only in the middle of it, the taste and passion of romance will surge throughout the body.
The setting of the landscape is the fundamental element of garden construction. Elements such as steep rocks, flowers and trees, ponds and swamps, pavilions and pavilions reflect each other, so that there can be a step by step corridor, step by step, and the scenery is connected and the scenery is different. The Yu Garden is more ingenious in the design and arrangement of the landscape, with many techniques and endless wonders. The use of landscape suppression techniques, with boulders or walls to isolate the landscape, giving people a sudden sense of beauty, more stimulating people's senses. Using the technique of missing scenery, hollow windows are used in the wall or hall, so that people can vaguely see the landscape outside the wall or outside the hall through the window ledge, so that the landscape can be deepened. Using the method of framing the scene, a uniquely shaped portal is built on the wall, or several doors limit the landscape to the field of view of the door, so that people can see the scenery and increase the attractiveness of the scenery. Using the technique of the scene, a high and a low pavilion, looking at each other to become a beautiful view, let people feel that you are the scenery for me, I am the elegant fun of the scenery for you, and the scenery for each other is amazing. It also adopts the technique of lining, in order to highlight the jade linglong, the stone landscape is used on both sides, the back is lined with gray walls, and the pond swamp is built in front to support the beautiful posture of the jade linglong. The use of scenery borrowing techniques is to climb the building to enjoy the grand scenery of the high-rise buildings, the Bund and the Huangpu River outside the park, which makes people have a sense of novelty. Using the technique of adding scenery, adding stacked stones, trees, ponds, and bonsai to buildings, pavilions, and xuans is a lot of fun. In the layout of the garden, it can be said that there are beautiful scenery everywhere, attracting attention, and the wonderful is indescribable.
The strange stones of Yu Garden can be seen everywhere, just arranged, intriguing. The park is first of all made of strange stones superimposed into mountains and caves, which is fascinating. Some are stacked on the shore of the lake, forming a grand scene with the green water mallows; some are stacked on the trail to form a cave curve; some are stacked on the pavilion, such as the pavilion between the mountains, which has a unique charm; some are superimposed next to ancient trees, and there are green vines and climbing tigers surrounding them. People stop in the middle, such as enjoying in the painting, and like being in a fairyland, there is a leisurely "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence". Then there is the Taihu Lake Strange Stone "Beauty Waist"! It is like a young girl standing in the pavilion, the bee waist is elegant, looking back and looking forward to it, attracting countless tourists to bend their waists. Also famous are the big rockery and the jade linglong. The rockery was designed and built by Zhang Nanyang, a famous stone artist in Jiangnan, and was built with Wukang Yellowstone. The peaks of the false mountains are undulating, the pedals are winding, the streams are deep, and the springs are like notes. The mountains are lush with flowers and trees, and there is a pool of water at the bottom of the mountain. Wang Tao, a celebrity of the Qing Dynasty, once described: "The Qifeng peaks are full of standoffs, and the heavy mountains are staggered, and they are the victory of the West Garden." It is embroidered with ying tiles, flat as a stone; left and right pedaling, twisting and turning, or stone walls are steep, or stone ponds are bets, occasionally the opening of the cave is full of water, and occasionally the slope is abrupt, and the peak of the road is seen and miles away. Following the passage down and turning another realm, there are weeping willows, ten acres of flat ponds, horizontal passages, oblique pavilions, framing quietly, as if there is another day. In this city, there is a fun mountain forest, and the dust barrier is empty", where you can appreciate the infinite charm of the big rockery. In particular, the treasure of the town garden with a long history in Yu Garden, "Jade Linglong". It is known as the three famous stones of Jiangnan along with suzhou ruiyun stone and hangzhou's crepe cloud peak. With the wrinkled, leaky, thin and transparent beauty of Taihu stone, Kongduo is like a honeycomb, which can present the spectacle of "a hundred holes flowing spring, a hundred holes smoking", which can be described as a miracle!
The walls and doors in Yu Garden are also very special, with different shapes, twists and turns, and dexterity and dazzling. Some pass through the pond and rise in the air; some walls, in a straight line or wavy shape, are made of special dewa; some are tall, some are low, the workmanship is the most delicate labor, the location and the scenery complement each other, the shape and the pavilion complement each other, the wall does not hinder the scenery, the scenery does not complain about the wall, and the independent wall can also become a corner of the scenery. The doors on the wall are more beautiful in form, like vases, like the curved beauty of the wind fluttering ribbon, some like caves, meandering; door frames with different shapes allow the landscape to extend, forming a door and a scene, a scene. The walls of Yu Garden differ from other gardens in that there are five dragon walls. They are the two dragons playing balls, sleeping dragons, sleeping dragons, and piercing dragons. (Here is the four-clawed dragon, not the five-clawed dragon in the palace, and was summoned to destroy it in order to avoid being jealous.) What amazes me is the dragon wall, there is a dragon looking up on the wall, the dragon body is twisted and twisted, and the living dragon is alive on the wall in a soaring posture, vivid.
The windows and pavilions of Yu Garden are very atmospheric. The windows on the walls are mostly hollowed out of stone, and the windows of the pavilions are exquisitely composed of wood carvings or wooden strips, with fantastic ideas and simple compositions, which are in line with people's aesthetic tastes. It is said that the windows in Yu Garden have hundreds of different shapes and different fancy windows, adding endless vitality and flowing changes to the walls, verandas, and pavilions. A fan to see the square, see the circle, see the long, see the hexagon, see the octagon, see the fan-shaped windows, and the windows are decorated with flowers, birds and animals, landscapes, geometric figures and other exquisite patterns. The use of windows is the beauty of the artistic conception of landscaping and borrowing scenery, which is praiseworthy and endlessly evocative. In the garden and the garden, between the corridor and the corridor, in the first floor and the pavilion and the hall, a single or group of windows separate the landscape and separate the space. Such a coincidence is not only the effect of architectural function, but also the beauty of decorative design, but also the elegant mood and aesthetic interest of the owner. Through the leaky window, you can faintly see the angled cornices, the thin lake stones, the sparkling pool water, the delicate green bamboo, the real step by step, the expectation, a kind of far and near ethereal, quiet and moving ethereal, let people see and be intoxicated!
There are many kinds of plants in Yu Garden, up to more than 30 kinds. The lake is full of green lotus, and the lotus flowers and lotus seeds in the middle of summer are a grand scene; the weeping willows on the lake are clinging to each other, drifting with the wind, and the love water ripples. There are flowers and small trees attached to the landscape of mountains and stones, and there are climbing tigers with vines around the green, which make the stacked stones green and full of vitality. There are also trees such as papaya, pomegranate, weeping begonia, dry willow, Yunnan huangxin, loquat, purple leaf plum, lamei, cypress, weeping begonia, etc., or standing in the stone, or standing in the pavilion, or standing in the cave, which has achieved the magic of lining the scenery. There are also centuries-old ancient trees such as Zi Teng, Ginkgo Biloba, Magnolia, Tea Plum, Ziwei, Magnolia, Melon Seed Boxwood, WhiteBark Pine and other precious tree species. It ensures that there are green leaves in the seasons, flowers in the months and months, and green gardens that are beautiful every day.
Of course, when it comes to Chinese gardens, it is divided into northern gardens and jiangnan gardens. The northern garden is dominated by royal gardens, magnificent, covers a large area, brightly colored, and is mostly a courtyard-style building. The southern garden is built by private individuals, with literati painters to build mountains and water, simple and elegant, and rich in humanistic atmosphere. In terms of architectural style, the northern garden has short eaves and thick barrel tiles, mainly bluestone, and is tall according to the mountain surface and water. In the architectural layout, the axis is centered and the two sides are symmetrical. The southern garden pays attention to the layout of the pavilion Xuan Xie, the cooperation of heavy rockery ponds and swamps, the contrast of heavy flowers and trees, the level of long-range close-up, the layout of natural scenery, and the aesthetic effect of different orientations. Therefore, Jiangnan Garden has become a model of Chinese gardens, and many Qixiu Pavilions have been absorbed by the Royal Gardens, increasing the grandeur and beauty of the Royal Gardens. And Yu Garden is a model of Jiangnan garden, its landscape is compact, step by step, different from the natural scenery of mountains and forests, but also a condensed natural grand scene, wandering in it, as if in the canvas, wonderful.
The wonder, architecture, and culture of Yu Garden are difficult to fully explain, and only a corner can be known and occasionally obtained. To this day, there is still a sense of unfinished business, although I am full of eyes, I have the idea of going again, and I am looking forward to it!