On September 27, 1955, on the occasion of the six-year anniversary of the founding of New China, a resolution was adopted to confer the rank of Marshal of the People's Republic of China. These ten marshals were all heroes who made great contributions to the establishment and development of New China. As a result, the Chinese the famous "Ten Marshals" in the history of the People's Liberation Army was established.
Marshal Peng Dehuai was one of the ten founding marshals.
Peng Dehuai was born in a small village in Xiangtan County, Hunan Province. There can also be regarded as a beautiful mountain and water, and because of Peng Dehuai, he can be called a brilliant spirit. But for Peng Jiaweizi a hundred years ago, the biggest label here is poverty. Not only is Peng Jiawei poor, Peng Dehuai's family is also so poor that there is no rice under the pot.
At that time, Peng Dehuai was not called Peng Dehuai, but named Dehua. When I was a child, the family had a large population, coupled with various miscellaneous taxes and god's tricks, the harvest was not good, and the family was so poor that they could not even afford to eat.
Peng Dehuai's former residence
At the age of eight, his mother fell ill and died, leaving him and his three younger brothers behind. The father was seriously ill again, and there was only one uncle in his 80s and a grandmother in his seventies left in the family, and the burden of being old and having a small burden fell on Peng Dehuai himself. But he was only eight years old at the time, how could his young body support a family? In this way, only the fourth brother who accompanied him also starved to death half a year after the death of his mother because of poverty.
Without strong labor, the old and the small in the family can only be next to each other day by day. In order to have food to eat, but also in order to live, the family can only sell all the woods and fields for some life-saving food, and finally even the bed board and door board must be sold out, and there is no place to live, and the family can only hide in two small grass houses. Even the only iron pot in the house has a large hole, and if you want to boil water, you must first plug the hole with cotton wool. In the cold winter moon, there is no cotton quilt, Peng Dehuai can only wear a straw shoe, and when it is cold, he will put the coat on his body to survive. Later, when Peng Dehuai recalled these days, he couldn't stop sighing: "There is no difference between him and primitive people."
When Peng Dehuai was ten years old, during the Spring Festival, the rich and wealthy family celebrated the New Year with joy, while the Peng family did not have a single grain of rice under the pot, and the family was hungry and starved, and almost could not sustain it. Forced to be helpless, Peng Dehuai could only take his second brother out to ask for food.
Walking out the door, the joy of the New Year could not infect Peng Dehuai, he only felt a burst of grief and indignation, why should the poor family be so oppressed? Peng Dehuai has always been unable to think of this problem. I walked to the door of a landlord, and the landlord asked if they were rich boys? Peng Dehuai stubbornly looked up and said, "We are called Hanako." After hearing this, the landlord drove them away with a look of disgust, and when he saw the situation, the second brother could only hurriedly say yes and yes. In this way, their New Year's Day passed in the process of begging for food from house to house.
However, after a day of walking, because Peng Dehuai did not want to please some landlords, he was unwilling to say that he was a "boy who recruited wealth" no matter what, and finally brought back less than two liters of grain. Even the moment I stepped into the house, I fainted from hunger.
The next day, Peng Dehuai said that he was unwilling to beg for food again. At the thought of being bullied while begging for food, Peng Dehuai couldn't take this step. The grandmother cried and said, "What if I don't go?" Yesterday I was going to go, you didn't let me go, today you don't go, will the family starve to death? Just like that, Peng Dehuai stood in the doorway, watching the white-haired grandmother with a stick and a small foot, and went out with difficulty.
Because of the painful experience when he was young, Peng Dehuai has always been particularly concerned about the living conditions of the people at the bottom and has done his best to do more for these people who are as poor as him.
When Peng Dehuai was 13 years old, his hometown was suddenly hit by a severe drought, and the people had no food but to buy. However, the profiteers who sold grain in the city refused to sell it to everyone in order to hoard grain and raise the price of grain. This made Peng Dehuai feel extremely indignant, and he immediately decided to help everyone get food.
However, after Peng Dehuai led everyone to rush into the landlord's home to grab grain, he was wanted by the government. Peng Dehuai was well aware of the darkness of collusion between officials and businessmen, and could only escape from his home. In order to be able to support himself, and in order to be able to marry his uncle's family and his cousin, he decided to go to Dongting Lake to work as an embankment worker.
The cousin of the uncle's family is named Zhou Ruilian. She was not her uncle's biological daughter, but an orphan daughter adopted by her uncle. Peng Dehuai and this cousin grew up together, green plum bamboo horse, two small no guess. If they lived in a peaceful era, they could certainly become an ordinary, loving couple.
But it was a time of cannibalism. Although Peng Dehuai remembered the old and young in the family, and thought of becoming a relative of his cousin in the future, he gritted his teeth and kept working. But in that dark age, a small foreman also had to constantly exploit people, squeeze their blood and sweat, and withhold their wages. So many years have passed, and Peng Dehuai, who returned home, is still empty-handed and has not saved any wealth.
Although his uncle set them a marriage, Peng Dehuai still wanted to give his family a better life, or chose to join the army to find a way out for the poor, unwilling to let his cousin and the family suffer with him. The cousin understood the great ambition in Peng Dehuai's heart, so when she sent Peng Dehuai away, she also gave him the shoe plugs she had embroidered by herself. When Peng Dehuai opened it, he found that it was embroidered with "concentric knots". In the face of this friendship, Peng Dehuai swore that he would never fail his cousin. But he didn't expect that when he went, he would become a farewell forever.
Three years later, Peng Dehuai was promoted to company commander because of his heroic performance in the Xiang Army, and he also had a little savings with his frugal money, so he planned to return home and marry his cousin. But before he could return home, he received bad news: his cousin had been killed by the government, and his aunt had died of exhaustion. Because of the landlord's cruelty, the uncle really could not afford so much money to pay off the debt, and the landlord actually wanted to sell his cousin to pay off the debt. But the cousin swore to die, and finally forced to jump off the cliff.
Although his cousin died, Peng Dehuai continued to live. His grandmother constantly urged him to get a wife, at least to take care of him in life. Although Peng Dehuai still had infinite grief for his cousin, he could only agree to his grandmother's request. In this way, he met Liu Ximei, who was only 12 years old at the time.
Liu Ximei
Because the girls at that time married very early, although they were only twelve years old, Liu Ximei was carried into the house by Peng Dehuai with a flower palanquin. Liu Ximei was originally still a little afraid of this man who was a soldier, but after marriage, Peng Dehuai showed a gentle and careful side, giving her the most love and care.
The women in the mountains almost did not read books in that era, but they must all have their feet tied, and Liu Ximei was the same. However, Peng Dehuai untied Liu Ximei's wrapped foot cloth, taught her to read and write, and he also gave Liu Ximei a new name, called "Liu Kunmo". He said: "The ancients stipulated that men should be dry and women should be kun. You should be a model among women, I think it is called Kun mo. ”
For Liu Kunmo, the years with Peng Dehuai were the happiest years. Although in those days they were still gathering less and more, they always knew that their husband was there. Such a person who knows how to care for himself and encourage himself to go to a higher and broader world is enough for Liu Kunmo to cherish his life.
But who in the midst of chaos can decide their own destiny? Liu Kunmo can't, and Neither can Peng Dehuai himself.
Peng Dehuai's idea of doing something for the people has never changed. Because he had the people in mind, Peng Dehuai accepted the ideas of the Communist Party after the Xiang Army was transformed into the National Revolutionary Army in 1926. And after the defeat of the Great Revolution, he joined the Communist Party of China. Because Peng Dehuai had held positions in the Kuomintang army, after he joined the Communist Party, he was surrounded and blocked by the Kuomintang army, and even his family could not let go.
Liu Kunmo saw her husband's news in the newspaper. But before she could worry about her husband's condition, she was already unable to take care of herself. In order to escape the search of the Kuomintang troops, she was displaced, begging along the streets, bitten by dogs, hungry, and disheveled. In the turbulent days outside, she had to worry about whether her husband would encounter any accidents on the battlefield, whether the Kuomintang army had already captured her lover, and even more worried that she would be recognized one day and then dragged away and shot.
This kind of mental and physical torture does not know how long it has tormented her, and she even ran through Shanghai and Nanjing because of the little news she found, just to find her lover's figure. But not at all.
At that time, China had Japan on the outside and Chiang Kai-shek on the inside. In such a situation, Peng Dehuai wanted to contribute to the establishment of New China. Since the Pingjiang Uprising, he and his comrades-in-arms took the lead in establishing the Fifth Red Army, which made great contributions to the creation and development of the Xiang'e-Gansu revolutionary base area, and led the main force of the army to climb JinggangShan and make peace with Mao Zedong and others.
In the days of Jinggangshan, the Kuomintang army constantly launched an offensive in order to suppress the Communist forces. In such days, often in order to achieve victory, the bloody battle does not stop for several days and nights, and the battlefield that needs to be cleaned up in the end has long been a river of blood. In order to cover the Central Red Army, he even sacrificed himself and the Red Fifth Army he personally brought up, so he fought step by step to find a road.
Later, because of the failure of the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression campaign, the Red Army had to start the Long March. Along the way of the Long March, it was necessary to climb snowy mountains, cross meadows, and constantly resist the attacks brought by the Nationalist Party army. In this process, Peng Dehuai made no small contribution.
At that time, in the face of the failure of the "Fifth Anti-Encirclement and Suppression" campaign and the tragic casualties of the Red Army at the beginning of the Long March, the safe convening of the Zunyi Conference was the most important thing in order to correct the chaos within the Party line. However, halfway through the Zunyi Conference, the Kuomintang troops caught up and began a fierce attack. Peng Dehuai immediately rushed to the front line, and with his combat experience, he successfully repelled the enemy's attack, so that the Zunyi Conference could be successfully convened.
Climbing snowy mountains and crossing meadows, in just six words, can never tell the hardships and obstacles of the Red Army soldiers' long march of 25,000 miles. After being chased by the pursuing soldiers, and in front of them were all kinds of unknown dangers and difficulties, in the face of such a situation, the Red Army still resolutely went on, and for the success of the revolution, there was no way back.
But, hungry.
The road is farther than expected, and because of the constant war, everyone's food supply is insufficient. Especially when crossing the meadows and climbing the snow-capped mountains, there is no village in front of you, no shops in the back, and even a bowl of clean water is a luxury. The Red Third Army led by Peng Dehuai at that time walked the grassland in northwest Sichuan. The heavy rain in the past few days has made the soldiers unable to eat a mouthful of hot food, and everyone has been out of food for several days, and everyone is hungry and weak-headed.
Peng Dehuai watched this scene and stroked his mount with his hand, a large black mule. This big black mule is Peng Dehuai's "love general", with him in the southern conquest of the northern war, every time to a camp, Peng Dehuai always has to lead it back and forth for a walk, and sometimes have to separate a piece from his own dry food, personally feed it to eat grain and grass. But there's no way. If we continue like this, I am afraid that I will starve out of human life. After Repeatedly stroking the hair of the big black mule, Peng Dehuai shouted at the guards and breeders: "Kill, eat meat!" ”
Peng Dehuai, who knew what the pain caused by hunger was like, finally killed the big black mule for the sake of his warriors, and used it to exchange for the lives of many people.
After experiencing a series of dangers and hardships, the Party Central Committee finally set the foothold of the Red Army in the revolutionary base areas of northern Shaanxi. However, if we want to enter northern Shaanxi, we must shake off the tail of the Kuomintang, and once the Kuomintang is introduced into the revolutionary base areas in northern Shaanxi, it will be a major blow to the party and the army.
In order to shake off the tail of the Kuomintang, Mao Zedong could only appoint Peng Dehuai to repel the enemy.
In order to successfully complete the task, Peng Dehuai personally went to the front line to observe the terrain and terrain to ensure that a combat plan could be formulated. It was decided to use the local terrain to line up troops, and eventually hit the enemy with heavy casualties.
In this battle, Peng Dehuai not only successfully threw off the small tail of the Kuomintang, but also captured a large number of weapons and nearly 1,000 warhorses, providing a large number of supplies for the Red Army.
Mao Zedong's famous six-character poem was written at this time:
The mountain is high and the road is far and deep, and the army is running in all directions
Who dares to cross the knife? I am General Peng
Six-word poem to Comrade Peng Dehuai
The Red Army successfully arrived in the revolutionary zone of northern Shaanxi in 1935. Not long after the Kuomintang was thrown away, the Japanese army began to invade Chinese territory on a large scale.
In fact, since the "918 Incident", the Japanese army has been constantly invading other Chinese territories with its hands in the three eastern provinces. During this period, however, Chiang Kai-shek's government persisted in a policy of non-resistance. Therefore, since the "Lugou Bridge Incident" in 1937, a large part of China's territory has been lost, and although the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party began and the domestic anti-Japanese national united front has been formed, the prospects for the War of Resistance are still not optimistic.
In the face of such a scene, it is really "the autumn of this sincere crisis and survival".
However, as the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression entered a stage of full-scale stalemate in 1938, the Kuomintang began to play the idea of "anti-communism" again. Coupled with the "cage policy" promoted by the Japanese army to use communication lines to cut off the links between the various communist base areas, the Communist Party must find a way to break this deadlock.
Peng Dehuai in the Hundred Regiments War
In the end, Peng Dehuai commanded the "Hundred Regiments War". After three and a half months, 1824 battles, large and small, not only cooperated with the frontal battlefield operations of the Nationalist Party army, but also broke the "cage policy" of the Japanese army, and at the same time used the residual threat of the "Hundred Regiments War" to shock the Kuomintang army. This battle can be described as "killing three birds with one stone", which greatly boosted the morale of the army on the anti-Japanese battlefield for a time.
It is precisely because of Peng Dehuai's heroic deeds during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression that he has been continuously reported by various newspapers. And it was also after the "Ping-type Guan Dajie" that Liu Kunmo saw the news of her husband in the newspaper.
Since the Pingjiang Uprising, to the Pingxing Guandajie, a full decade has passed. Liu Kunmo finally knew where her husband was, and she couldn't wait to write a letter to her lover on the front line, and knew where to find him.
However, even if Liu Kunmo came to Peng Dehuai's side again after all kinds of difficulties and dangers, they could not go back. Over the years, holding the title of a "bandit", Liu Kunmo suffered a lot, and there was no news of Peng Dehuai, in order to no longer endure the pain of displacement, he had no choice but to marry someone else and have a child.
When he saw his wife, who he thought about day and night, Peng Dehuai was happy and excited. For ten years, it was not that he had not met a female comrade-in-arms or comrade who had shown favor to him, but he could not let go of his sister in his heart, so he all politely refused. But he did not expect that he would follow his wife to the news that she was already with someone else.
Peng Dehuai's mood was mixed. I thought that there had always been a person waiting for me, but this person who was waiting for him had not waited. But thinking about the difficulty of her life alone over the years, I think that maybe this is the best ending for her.
In the end, it was Peng Dehuai who found Liu Kunmo and told her that since you already have a family, you should go to your home and take good care of the children. Although we are no longer husband and wife, we are still revolutionary comrades, and we can still be like brothers and sisters.
Then Liu Kunmo did not choose to return to Wuchang, but stayed in Yan'an, studied at the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, followed the footsteps of his ex-husband, and embarked on the road of revolution.
Peng Dehuai, who ended the relationship between husband and wife, was nearly forty years old in this year. Forty-year-old Peng Dehuai is still alone, which makes the comrades around him very anxious. Finally, through everyone's continuous efforts, Peng Dehuai met Pu Anxiu in Yan'an, a Communist Party member who graduated from Beijing Normal University, and began his new marriage and love. But this new feeling has also gone ups and downs. ay!
Peng Dehuai and Urayasu
Perhaps what I don't forget in my heart is still that she.