#水果达人挑战赛 #
First, China's apricot culture.
Apricots originated in China and have a special historical place in Chinese history.
The Classic of Mountains and Seas records: "Under the Spirit Mountain, its wood is full of apricots. ”
"Zhuangzi" records: "Confucius traveled in the forest of the curtain, sitting on the altar of apricots, disciples reading, Confucius strings and drums and pianos." ”
Xinglin refers to medicine. For example, "Honored Apricot Forest" praises the doctor's medical skills.
The origin of the apricot forest is the famous doctor Dong Feng of the Eastern Han Dynasty, who lives in Lushan, and does not charge money for people to see a doctor, after looking good, the seriously ill plant five apricots in the mountain forest, and the sick plant one apricot. Within a few years, the mountain became an apricot forest. When the apricots are ripe, pluck the apricots and exchange them for millet to save the poor. So Xinglin represents medicine, doctors. Later generations of doctors called themselves "people in the apricot forest".
Second, the application of apricots and almonds in traditional Chinese medicine
Shennong Materia Medica: "Apricot core, sweet and warm taste, raw river valley." Cure cough and thunder, throat paralysis, milk gold wound, cold heart running dolphin. "Recorded almonds, able to breathe.
The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic. Su Qing: "The lungs are white, it is advisable to eat bitter, wheat lamb and apricot are bitter." ”
In the "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases", the effect of almonds is brought into full play, and the famous ephedra soup has almonds, as well as apricot soup, guizhi thick apricot soup and so on.
The main effect of almonds
First, reduce breath, cough and asthma
Almond acts on the human body, its qi is going down, and then return to the lung meridian, so that the lung qi declines, can relieve cough and asthma. Because when people cough or breathe, the lung qi goes up, and the lung qi reverses a phenomenon. In the "Treatise on Typhoid Fever", there is "Gasping for homework, Guizhi tang plus thick pu apricot, good." "Asthma refers to people who often breathe, and the guizhi soup plus magnolia almonds has a good effect."
The famous prescription ephedra soup, almonds in it play a role in lowering and absorbing lung qi. Complemented by the propagation of ephedra, the two jointly restore the function of the lungs, the function of the lungs is restored, the breathing can be normal, the function of normal operation is carried out, and the symptoms such as coughing and wheezing will be better and cured.
Second, because almonds can reduce lung qi and the lungs can adjust the waterways, ephedra almonds can open the upper and lower tricks to treat urination. The Three Characters of Medicine say, "Like a dripping vessel, it is closed and hung upside down, and the drip cannot be lowered." Go to its upper closure, and the water passes through itself.
The third effect, laxative, the lungs and the large intestine in the table, its qi is going downward, so it can make the qi of the large intestine go down, to help excrete stool.
Three: "Drinking and Eating" Yuan. Ku sihui
Apricot cream soup: smooth the lungs, sharpen the chest and diaphragm, and cure cough.
Millet (five liters, stir-fried, for noodles) almonds (two liters, peeled tip, bran stir-fried, researched) salt (three two, stir-fried) on pieces mix well. Daily hollow white soup for a dollar. A little crisp is especially good.
Yam soup: tonify the deficiency and nourish the qi, warm and moisturize the lungs.
Yam (one pound, cooked) corn (half a liter, stir-fried, for noodles) almonds (two pounds, stir-fried to overcook, peeled tip, cut like rice)
On the piece, the daily hollow white soup is mixed for two dollars, a little ghee, and the yam is arbitrary.
Fourth, toxic
Apricot poison: "Compendium of Materia Medica" "sour taste, do not eat more, hurt bones." ”
Sweet almonds are non-toxic. Bitter almonds are toxic: 55 bitter almonds (about 60g) taken orally by human beings, containing about 1.8g (about 0.024g/kg) of amygdalin, can be fatal. Poisoning mechanism: Amygdalin in bitter almonds is released by gastric acid or bitter amygdalase and yanglidase, etc., and hydrocyanic acid and benzaldehyde are released. In vivo cyanogen (CN) combines fe3+ with cytochrome oxidase to generate cyanide high-iron cytochrome oxidase, which deprives cytochrome oxidase of its function of transmitting electrons, interrupts the respiratory chain, and causes intracellular asphyxia. The central nervous system is first excited and then paralyzed, and respiratory paralysis is the leading cause of death.
The main causes of bitter almond poisoning are: one is unconditioned, raw products are taken internally; the second is overdose; the third is used with western medicines with anesthesia, sedative cough or traditional Chinese medicines with astringent effects, resulting in severe respiratory depression. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of bitter almond poisoning, it is necessary to do: (1) strengthen health publicity, bitter almonds are toxic, and educate children not to eat raw. Medical bitter almonds must be carefully prescribed and should not be purchased by themselves; (2) pay attention to preparation, and must be heated and cooked to remove their toxicity. It is not advisable to take powder; (3) control the dosage, and do not take more. When taking large doses of drugs, the ECG should be checked frequently, because the toxic reactions on the ECG are earlier than the toxic symptoms; (4) Pay attention to the compatibility, almonds should generally not be compatible with astringent drugs, in order to prevent the internal excretion of the drug and deepen the poisoning. It should also not be combined with Western medicines for anesthesia and sedative cough, so as not to cause severe respiratory depression.
Apricot root detoxification: 60 ~ 90g of apricot root, decoction is taken internally, once every 4 hours
V. Modern Research
1． Antitussive and asthmatic effect The amygdine in bitter almonds can be slowly decomposed in the body, gradually producing trace amounts of hydrocyanic acid. Taking a small amount of almonds can play a mild role in inhibiting the respiratory center, and achieve antitussive and asthmatic effects. Stir-fried bitter almonds, postnatal bitter almonds, blanched bitter almonds, and raw bitter almonds all have a very obvious cough suppressant effect on ammonia-induced coughs in mice, all of which can reduce the number of guinea pig coughs caused by citric acid and prolong the cough incubation period; all can prolong the incubation period of guinea pig respiratory spasm caused by 2% bromide acetylcholine and 0.4% histamine bihydrochloride[1].
2． Effects on the digestive system Experimental studies have found that amygdalin has a good anti-ulcer effect. Amygdalin can reduce the ulcer index of gastric ulcers in mice caused by cold immersion and inhibit mouse bondage-freezing stress gastric ulcers; amygdalin can reduce the ulcer area of rat gastric ulcers caused by acetate cauterization and promote the healing of rat acetic acid cauterization ulcers; amygdalin can reduce the ulcer area of gastric ulcers in rats caused by pyloric ligation, which can inhibit the activity of pepsin, but amygdalin can have no effect on gastric juice volume, free acidity, and total acidity [2].
3． Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects Some studies have shown that almond protein has a clear effect on foot swelling caused by carrageenan [3]. Almonds can effectively reduce the permeability of capillaries during inflammation, reduce the production of inflammatory exudate, improve blood circulation, and promote the absorption of inflammation. Experiments have shown that amygdalin inhibits adjuvant inflammation [4].
4． Anti-tumor effect Amygdalin has a good anti-tumor effect and is used as an adjunctive drug for the treatment of cancer. Amygdalin and hydrolyzed hydrocyanate and benzaldehyde in vitro experiments have been shown to have anti-cancer effects, and there are fewer sulfur hydrolase enzymes in cancer cells than normal cells, so the detoxification ability of hydrocyanic acid released by amygdalin water interpretation is poor [5]. Amygdalin was injected intraperitoneally into transplanted liver cancer mice for 10 to 14 days at different doses, and the cure rates of liver cancer were 72.0%, 60.8% and 61.0%, respectively. Liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 levels in mice with transplanted liver cancer decreased significantly compared with normal mice, and when amygdalin was administered for 10 days, the P-450 content of mice with suppressed tumor growth reached normal levels[6].
5． Antioxidant effect The isolated and purified almond oil was extracted by supercritical method and fed to hyperlipidemia rats for 1 month, and the results showed that almond oil could increase the activity of liver, heart and kidney SOD in hyperlipidemia rats to varying degrees, reduce the increase in tissue MDA content caused by hyperlipidemia, indicating that almond oil had antioxidant protective effects on the liver, heart and kidney of hyperlipidemia rats [7]. In addition, experiments have confirmed that almond oil also has a certain ability to scavenge free radicals [8].
6． Immune Enhancement Effect Amygdalin has an effect on human lymphocyte proliferation and its secretion of cytokines, and studies have confirmed that amygdalin can significantly promote the proliferation of PHA-induced human peripheral blood T lymphocytes, and can promote the secretion of IL-2 and γ-IFN by PHA-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes, while inhibiting their secretion of TGF11, thereby exerting an immune-enhancing effect [9].
Li Guihai,Dong Qining,Sun Fujun. Effects of Different Preparations on the Toxicity of Bitter Almond and the Effect of Cough and Asthma[J]. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2007,3(12):1247-1250.]
[2] Cai Ying, Li Yunman, Zhong Liu, et al. Effect of amygdalin on experimental gastric ulcer[J]. Journal of China Pharmaceutical University,2003,34(3):254-256.]
Yao Jieliang,Li Zhongmin. A Brief Discussion on the Clinical Role of Almonds[J]. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine,2010,26(6):435-436.
Fang Weirong, Li Yunman, Zhong Linlin, et al. Experimental study on the effect of amygdalin on adjuvant inflammation[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics,2004,9(3):289-293.
Wei Jinting,Liu Wenqi. Research and application progress of amygdalin in prescription drugs[J]. Journal of Hainan Medical College,2007,13(6):589-596.]
[6] Che Wenyi, Kim Tae-il, Zhang Lianghe, et al. Anticancer Effects of Bitter Almond Extract and Its Effects on Cytochrome P-450 Content and Glutathione S-Metastase Activity in Mice with Transplanted Liver Cancer[J]. Journal of Yanbian Medical College,1987,10(4)(In Chinese)