The "Second Song" refers to the two brothers Song Ang and Song Yu, who were famous poets in Guizhou Province in the early Ming Dynasty. Due to the objective reasons of history, there are certain deficiencies in the understanding of the two people's lives and their position in the history of Guizhou literature in later generations.
One
In 975 (the eighth year of Kaibao), he was ordered to lead an army to conquer Duyun and Heiyang (present-day Guiyang), serving as the envoy of the Ningyuan Army, the governor of the Capital of Dawanguluo, and the fourth year (987) of Yongxi. After successive generations of expansion and development, in the early Ming Dynasty, it became the "Shuidong Song clan" in Guizhou that competed with the Shui Xi'an clan. In the Ming Dynasty, the central government successively set up local institutions in Guizhou City (present-day Old Town, Guiyang City) and established Guizhou Province, which was directly related to the full support of song qin, great-grandmother Liu Shuzhu (also known as Luo Shuzhen), and grandfather Song Cheng.
The author consulted the "Chronicle of Historical Figures of Guizhou" and found that the "Second Song" family origin problem, great-grandfather Song Qin was a native of Caotang Division (present-day Caotang Town, Wong'an County), grandfather Song Cheng was a native of ShunyuanCheng, father Song Bin was a native of Guizhou City, "Er Song" was a native of Guizhou City, and Song Ang's young son Song Xuan was a native of Shuidong (present-day Hongbian Village, Wudang District, which should actually be a Beiya Village of Wudang District). Today's old city of Guiyang, called "Shunyuan City" in the Yuan Dynasty and "Guizhou City" in the early and middle Ming Dynasty, is a place where the key problem lies in Song Qin, but if we understand the relationship between Song Ang and Song Xuan, the Song Qin problem is naturally no longer a problem. The ancients attached importance to the place of origin, "nationality" refers to the human family, "consistent" for the identity, both are not allowed to change at will, Song Ang, Song Xuan two father and son actually have differences, it is difficult to understand for a while, recall in the reasonable, special situations are specially handled and treated, it is estimated that today when we go to the hukou in order to save trouble, the place of origin is based on the place of birth, so Song Xuan was born in Hongbian, and the household registration has become the east of the water. Then, it may be possible that Song Qin was born in Caotang division, which also belonged to the scope of "Shuidong Song Clan" at that time. The latest edition of meilan's poems defines the "Second Song" as the Lapingsi people, that is, based on their place of origin (ancestral home), which is not empty.
On the issue of the "Second Song Dynasty" nationality, people today have taken the view that their ancestors should be the Mulao ethnic group, but for a long time, the issue of the clan affiliation of the Song clan in Shuidong has always been a big controversy: saying that it is Han, citing Song Siyi (six people from Guiding County), who was a former Kuomintang lieutenant general and serving in the Guizhou Provincial CPPCC committee after the uprising, as an example; saying that it is Miao, citing Song Hehai, the first Miao county magistrate in Kaiyang County after liberation, as an example; saying that it is of the Buyi ethnic group, citing many Zhaizi Song family members as examples. The division of nationalities has been formulated according to local conditions since the founding of New China, and the author is not doing research on the ethnic composition, so I will omit it, but for the "Second Song Dynasty", it is more inclined to the positive statement of the Miao. Due to space limitations, I will not dwell on it here.
The achievements of the "Second Song" are inseparable from their father Song Bin. Song Bin Washi, Ming Chengzu Yongle in the first year (1403) hereditary Guizhou Xuanwei envoy Si Tongzhi, lived in the city of Guizhou. In the 11th year of Yongle (1413), the Ming Dynasty established the Guizhou and other departments in the city of Guizhou to undertake the proclamation of political envoys, and Guizhou established a province from then on, which was related to the support of Song Bin and the Shui Xi'an clan. Song Bin was good at reading, liked to be close to scribes, and often lamented that the Tu chieftain knew that he was learning to use guns and sticks, and did not know how to write. He strictly supervised his sons to learn from each other, in order to invigorate the vulgar. Song Bin's emphasis on culture and respect for the scribes came from the heart, and also came from a long time, during the Xuande years, the Min people Liao Ju was implicated by his relatives who shu DuYun Wei (now Duyun City), Song Bin admired his learning, and hired him as a nephew in the next book, the courtesy was not smooth, but Mr. Jiang Shu (Liao Ju's number) was eventually touched by his sincerity, and during the teaching, he found that Song Ang and Song Yu two brothers did not like ShiWen (Eight Strands of Literature) and loved poetry, so they taught according to their talents, prompting the two to become famous poets. Song Bin passed on the post of Song Ang in the 7th year of Ming Yingzong's orthodoxy (1442), and after his death, he was buried at the foot of Yunding Mountain in Yunjinzhuang, commonly known as Shuai Tomb. Various meteorological phenomena show that Song Bin is also a moke rioter, but unfortunately there is no surviving work.
The place where the "Second Song Dynasty" was employed was today's Beiya Village, Wudang District, Guiyang City. What's going on? In the 22nd year of Yongle (1424), Song Bin began to build a private residence under the Phoenix Mountain of HongbianZhai (now known as Gaojia Datu), the jurisdiction of the Governor of Shuidong, and it was built in two years, because of the office here from time to time, the private house was like a yamen, people called it "Golden Temple" and "Beiya", in other words, "Hongbian" in the narrow sense actually refers to "Beiya", which is today's Beiya Village. Liao Ju was deeply treated with courtesy and was able to teach with peace of mind, and Hongbian quickly became a cultural indiscriminate place in Guiyang because of his arrival. It is evidenced by a poem of the seven laws of "Wing Hong Bian":
Heavy posts are stacked on top of each other, and when the class strikes Huang Ting' performance.
Walking slowly through the fairy cave, you will talk about the poetry of the ancients.
The birds moved deep into the trees, and the leaves frightened the cicadas over the branches.
Because he was retained by Bai Yun for a long time, he taught the child crane to return late.
Liao Ju's final whereabouts are not clearly recorded, but it is said that there are descendants of liao in Shuangliu Town, Kaiyang County today, and once built a Liao Family Nunnery, which may be able to dig clues from it.
Two
Song Ang (?) -1484), zi congfu, the number of the province of Zhai, the seventh year of the orthodoxy of Emperor Ming Yingzong (1442 AD), Song Ang hereditary Guizhou Xuanwei envoy Si Tongzhi zhizhi, for the official honesty and frugality, advocating Confucianism, love the people and etiquette, if the Miao people have turmoil, they will blame themselves for their own government, change their course, do not blame, and settle in the territory. He donated funds twice to build the Xuanwei Sixue in Guizhou, during the Tianshun period (1457-1464), built the Chongsheng Temple in Hongbian (the site is in Beiya Village, Wudang District), and in the early years of Chenghua (1465 AD), he stacked stones on the Jifan River (present-day Nanming River) in the southwest of Guizhou City, known as Jifan Bridge (present-day Huaxi Bridge). Because of the remoteness of the place and the lack of classics, he collected more scriptures and hid them at home and read them at any time. He also paid a lot of money to hire the children of the scribes, and the people at the time called him "as good as Wen Weng". After the ang lao, in the 20th year of Chenghua (1484 AD), his eldest son Song Ran inherited his position.
Song Yu (宋昱字如晦), the younger brother of Song Ang (宋安), studied poetry with his brother Liao Ju as a teacher. Song Yuying is studious and has good morals. He also immersed himself in research and annotated "Yu Ion", but unfortunately he died before leaving the manuscript. His poems are fresh and elegant, and have the style of Wei and Jin. Kunzhong is equally famous and has the reputation of "Second Song".
Speaking of "Second Song", there is one person who cannot fail to mention, and this is Song Xuan, the youngest son of Song Ang. Song Xuan (宋炫), courtesy name Tingcai, was a native of Hongbian, Shuidong (present-day Beiya Village, Wudang District, Guiyang). Famous poet. Song Ang's youngest son (庶生). Quite capable of poetry, "with poetry in the beginning of Jiajing". He is the author of "Gui Xuan's Humble Draft", which has been published. What really made the "Second Song" famous was him. According to his posthumous poems, talent and influence are not under his father and uncle, perhaps Song Ang, Song Yu, Song Xuan's father, son, uncle and nephew are more accurate to call "three Song", but unfortunately there is no such statement.
Song Xuan was the younger son of Song Ang, and was roughly active in Zhengde and Jiajingchu, in other words, his father and uncle had long passed away when he became an adult, and even more tragically, because after his eldest brother Song Ran took office, his relations with local government officials were rigid, and he practiced cool government internally, which eventually led to civil unrest, and he watched Shuidong slide from prosperity to decline. The "A Miscellaneous Incident" in the 6th year of Zhengde (1511) inevitably had an unprecedented impact on Song Xuan's life and thought.
By the time of Song Xuan, the "Second Song" poems had been lost, and Song Xuan carefully collected them, sorted them out, and compiled them into a book, which was named "Lianfang Draft". Based on the conditions of Guizhou, he entrusted his friend Zhou Luan to bring the poem manuscript to Nanjing and asked Luo Xuan, the right attendant of the Nanjing official, to order and preface it, and then publish it.
Zhou Luan, the whereabouts are unknown. The author consulted that there were "Zhou Luan" in Sinan Province (present-day Sinan County) in the Ming Dynasty, and it was difficult to judge whether they were the same person. The introduction of the book is Song Xuan's fellow villager, perhaps it should be the Guiyang people's clan, guiyang Ming Dynasty "jinshi" list does not have this person, called "the township of jinshi Zhou Luan", naturally impossible; the people are discussed separately.
Regarding Luo Xuan, the Guizhou side lacked written explanations, and after the author's inquiry, he was shocked to be a famous university inquirer in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Luo Xuan (?) ——1519), the character Jingming, known as Mr. Guifeng, a native of The City of Southwest Jiangxi. Tianshun Xieyuan (天顺解元), in the last year of Chenghua (1487), was a jinshi who was taught editing. He successively served as the Young Secretary of The Great Peace of Nanjing, the Right Attendant of the Bureaucracy, and other positions. Luo Xuan was very knowledgeable, wrote Wen Qi'ao, Yi Yanli was in ancient Chinese, when Du Men wrote, he always sat in a closed room, looked at the hard thinking, and devoted himself to composition, because he was diligent and studious, so the articles were beautiful, the words were new, unique, and the books he wrote, such as "Class Theory", "Gui Feng Anthology", "Gui Feng Song Discussion" and so on, were the more influential works at that time.
In Luo Xuan's moral essay, the weight of his preface to the Lianfang Draft is self-evident.
There has never been a written record of this when Luo Xuan wrote the preface and the time when the Lianfang Draft was paid in Nanjing, and the author based on the description of Song Xuan in the Qianshi Jiluo: "Poetry was sung in the early Jiajing. It has also been miscalculated that during the Jiajing period, the information of Luo Xuan was mastered, and it can be concluded that the time of Luo Xuan's preamble was in the Zhengde period. Luo Xuan was promoted to Nanjing Taichang Shaoqing in the early years of Zhengde (1506), Zhengde was promoted to the right attendant of the Nanjing bureaucracy in the 3rd year (1508), and in the 7th year of Zhengde (1512) Dongtuo resigned from illness and returned to his hometown. It is explained that Zhou Luan met Luo Xuan and Luo Xuan wrote the preface to the Lianfang Draft during his tenure from 1508 to 1512 AD.
Three
Today, we have long been unable to glimpse the full picture of the Lianfang Manuscript, which was lost around the beginning of the Qing Dynasty or a little later. The valuable point lies in Luo Xuan's original "everywhere people say Xiangsi", under the effect of his "Preface" text and oral propaganda, Song Ang and Song Yu's poetry quickly became famous in the north and south of the river, and had a profound impact on the poetry circle of the Ming Dynasty. More than 100 years later, Zhu Yizun, a great literary scholar of the early Qing Dynasty, compiled the "Ming Poetry Synthesis", not only selecting the poems of Song Ang and Song Yukunzhong, but also making informative comments on the "Second Song" in the "Jing Zhiju Poetry". This is the pride of Guizhou people.
Luo Xuan's "Preface" said: "According to What Yu heard, Guizhou Xuanwei made Song Congfu, then in the article poetry endowment, arm dare to do it, can be spread in all directions, its intention is to compete with everyone in the Central Plains, rather than stop the ancient and modern, take the foot of the Kedi. His brothers such as Obscure, Hidden Junye, Xiu and Nengwen..." The text particularly emphasizes that the Song brothers have the ambition to "compete with everyone in the Central Plains", which is a valuable spirit for the scribes in the border barbaric lands. This spirit of not being left behind, actively forging ahead and daring to surpass, and then competing with everyone in the Central Plains, has always been a precious tradition of Guizhou scribes for thousands of years.
As far as poetic achievements are concerned, the "Second Song" naturally cannot keep pace with Song Lian and Gao Qi in the early Ming Dynasty, nor can it catch up with the "Seven Sons" before and after Li Mengyang and Li Panlong; Luo Xuan has a reputation, but we should see that this is Luo Xuan's affirmation of the Guizhou scribes. Objectively speaking, the "Second Song Dynasty" was a heavyweight up-and-coming figure in the national poetry scene after the establishment of Guizhou Province. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty and the establishment of Guizhou Province to before the "Second Song", although Guizhou had local poets such as Wang Xun (Guiyang people) and Zhang Zhen (Bijie people), the influence was not large, and the poetry titles were mostly limited to the territory of Guizhou Province, and Huang Fu (Fuquan people) and Zhou Ying (Huang Pingren), who were basically in the same period as the "Second Song", had a certain reputation outside the province, but the official voice seriously overwhelmed the poetry title. Therefore, the emergence of the "Second Song Dynasty" made Luo Xuan and many Jiangnan Zhongwen scholars refreshed, and there were such characters and creations in the Miao Barbarian Zone that had always been in their minds, and there was a sense of foreign advance and lone peak protrusion of Guizhou culture. In other words, the "Second Song Dynasty" was the first poet who went out of Guizhou and won the Central Plains since the founding of Guizhou Province. Ten years of trees and a hundred years of tree people, the "Second Song" fame is more than a hundred years away from the founding of the Ming Dynasty, and nearly a hundred years from the establishment of Guizhou Province, it can be seen that the continuous training of talents is crucial!
The dispute over the portal of the Ming and Qing dynasties was fierce, and Zhu Yizun edited the "Ming Poetry Synthesis" from the viewpoint of respecting the Tang Dynasty and devaluing the Song Dynasty, and the "Jing Zhiju Poetry" formed by posterity from the book that involved the discourse on poetry. Overall, Zhu Yizun's discourse on Ming poetry was relatively flat. Volume 24 of the Jing Zhiju Poetry deals with the "Second Song Dynasty" and lists them as "Toasts", saying that in the nearly 200 years from Luo Xuan to Zhu Yizun, Jiangnan scribes have always regarded the "Second Song" as "foreign" and "Miao chieftain"; "non-Han Chinese" have naturally been surprised to create such superb poetry. Therefore, today we need to treat history objectively from multiple angles and levels, and objectively look at the comments of outsiders on guizhou scribes. Zhu Yizun commented on the "Second Song Dynasty": "The brothers Ang and Yu are able to write... The song is played, the wind is charming, try to hide the name and recite it, to the south of Ya, I can't tell it out of the obscurity of the dwarf. Zhu Yizun was knowledgeable and had a high reputation for poetry, and it was indeed not easy to give an objective, fair and high evaluation of the "Second Song" learning.
Looking at the poetry of the Ming Dynasty in Guizhou, what was the status of the "Second Song" in it? The author believes that Guizhou poets did not see everyone in the Ming Dynasty, and there were many famous artists. Wang Xun, "Er Song", Sun Ying'ao, "Erqiu", Xie Sanxiu, Yue Qijie, Pan Runmin, Yang Longyou, etc. all have poem titles, and there are slight differences in achievements and influences, or they are well-known in the province, or famous outside, and professional poets are only Wang Xun and Xie Sanxiu, and the other should be more or less permeated with other elements. The poetic achievements of the "Second Song Dynasty" are first-class in the literary circles (poetry circles) of Guizhou in the Ming Dynasty, and play a special historical position in the inheritance of the upper and lower levels. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the achievements and influences of the "Shuidong Song Family" positioned as "Song Jia Miao" and "Second Song Dynasty" could not but be said to be a kind of encouragement and encouragement for the Literary Forest of Guizhou Poetry, and it was also under such stimulation that there was a vast momentum of "ten thousand horses like dragons out of Guizhou".
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