Zhonghua Bookstore Ma Jing
On October 25, 1963, Wu Zeyu, Gu Jiegang, Lu Zhenhua, Tang Changru, Wang Shaoyao, Wang Yongxing, Sun Yutang, Liu Jiehe, Luo Jizu, Deng Guangming, Feng Jiasheng, Fu Lehuan, Weng Dujian, Zheng Tianting and other gentlemen put down their other work, left their familiar desks, gathered at the zhonghua bookstore compound on Cuiwei Road in the western suburbs of Beijing, and began the "Cuiwei School History" time of jointly pointing out the "Twenty-Four Histories" of the school. Among them, there is no "Chen Shu" point schooler Mr. Zhang Weihua. The systematic collation of the "Twenty-Four Histories" is an important project supported by the national will after the establishment of the National Planning Group for the Collation and Publication of Ancient Books in February 1958 and the completion of the punctuation work of the Zizhi Tongjian in July. The Zhonghua Book Company was specifically responsible for the overall work, and organized people in the academic circles to jointly formulate the "Twenty-Four Histories" Collation Plan, in which the "ordinary version" was used by general readers, and the results were now punctuated books. In the "Punctuation "Twenty-Four Histories" (Ordinary Edition) Contract Plan", Song Qiliang Chen Sishi and "Southern History", "estimated punctuation finishing time" is 1959, punctuation finisher is "proposed Shanghai Historical Society", and pasted to "Shandong University History Department". As a result, the histories of the Book of Chen and other histories were planned as early as 1958, and it is expected to be completed by Shandong University the following year.
However, subject to the conditions of all parties, the actual progress is far behind the plan. In May 1961, Mr. Zhao Shouyu went to Wuhan and Jinan to investigate, and the five histories of the Southern Dynasty were different from his history, "In terms of manpower arrangement, one person specializes in one history, not collectively." Wang Zhongxing served as the Book of Southern Qi and Lu Zhenhua as the Book of Liang. Next year, Hua Shan and Han Lianqi can also participate in the school work of the Book of Song and the History of the South." As the smallest in the middle of the "Twenty-Four Histories", the "Book of Chen" does not explicitly mention the undertaker, but only says that "the Book of Chen can be completed in the first half of next year." It was during this investigation that Mr. Wang Zhongjie and Mr. Lu Zhenhua, who undertook the work of sorting out, put forward themselves, "After the work of the two histories ("Book of Southern Qi" and "Book of Liang") is generally completed, it is best to go to Beijing to work with us for a period of time in order to unify the opinions of both sides and solve problems in a timely manner" ("Business Situation" No. 10, 1961), which became the beginning of the future work of transferring to Beijing. After that, with the book bureau giving Qi Yanming and Zhou Yang the "Report on proposing to transfer those who participated in the school to Beijing", in the autumn of 1963, a number of scholars were seconded to Beijing, achieving a good story in the history of Cuiwei School.
However, during this secondment between September and October 1963, Mr. Zhang Weihua, who later undertook the work of the "Chen Shu" point school, did not come to Beijing. Mr. Zhang Weihua (1902-1987), Xishan, Shandong Shouguang people, poor family. Elementary and secondary schools attend church schools and practice foreign languages. In 1928, he graduated from Qilu University, stayed in school, and two years later entered the Research Institute of Yenching University, and his graduation thesis "Commentary on the Biography of Ming ShiFlang Ji Luzon and Lan Yidaliah" was appreciated by Mr. Hong Ye and published by Harvard Yenching Society. He taught at Qilu University, was invited by Mr. Gu Jiegang to participate in the Yugong Society, assisted in editing the magazine "Yugong", and later co-chaired the work of the Institute of Chinese Studies of Qilu University with Gu Jiegang in Chengdu. At the beginning of the liberation, he served as the dean of the Faculty of Letters and the director of the Department of History and the director of the Institute of Traditional Chinese Studies of Qilu University, and after 1949, he taught at Shandong University for a long time, and was the only one of the eight professors of Shandong University to have a master's degree. He was the director of the Ancient Chinese History Research Office, and later operated the Chinese and Western Transportation Research Office to guide graduate students in related directions. As a well-known scholar with both professional and administrative skills, Considering some special circumstances at that time, Mr. Zhang was not among the first seconded.
Mr. Zhang Weihua
Before October 1963, the Ministry of Education issued two documents to secondment Mr. Relevant of Shandong University. The first time was "62 Teaching Teachers Tune Zi No. 30", when in January 1962, "the letter merchant borrowed Professor Wang Zhongji and Professor Lu Zhenhuafu to work in the bureau for half a year", the second time was "63 Teaching Er Jiang Xuzi No. 1148", when in July 1963, the secondment of Wang Zhongjie, Lu Zhenhua and Zhang Weihua came to Beijing, "the three of them do not have to come to Beijing at the same time", and the two secondments did not emphasize that Mr. Zhang Weihua immediately arrived at the post. Mr. Zhang Weihua was still a rightist in January 1962, and he had just removed his hat in June 1963. From the "Suggestions on the Work Arrangement of the Twenty-Four Histories" submitted by Jin Canran and Zhao Shouyan to Zhou Yang and Qi Yanming in August 1962, it can be seen that at that time, it was determined that the "Book of Southern Qi" was "Wang Zhongjie is responsible", the "Book of Liang" and "Lu Zhenhua is responsible", and "the above two histories were originally scheduled to be completed in the summer vacation of 63 years, and it is hoped that the manuscript will be delivered as scheduled." "Chen Shu" "Zhang Weihua is responsible", emphasizing that "it was originally scheduled to be completed in the autumn of 1963, and I hope to deliver the manuscript as scheduled". By May 6, 1963, the editorial team of the "Five Histories of the Southern Dynasty" such as the "Book of Chen" was further determined, and the school site leaders of the "Five Histories of the Southern Dynasty" were "Wang Zhongjie, Lu Zhenhua, and Zhang Weihua", the responsible editors were "Wu Yiru and He Cijun", the Five Histories Plan was "completed in 64 years", and the "Book of Chen" was "untouched".
Jin Canran, Minutes of The Work Arrangement of the Twenty-Four Histories (May 6, 1963)
The reason why Mr. Zhang Weihua was not moved but not seconded in the "Book of Chen" can be glimpsed from the "Situation of Personnel Participating in the "Twenty-Four Histories" of the Dian School" (for the reference of the leaders only) on October 25, 1963:
Zhang Weihua: Professor of the History Department of Shandong University, classified as a rightist in 1957, he has taken off his hat. He is the author of the History of the Two Han Dynasties and the History of the Ming Dynasty, including "Examination of the Construction of the Great Wall of China" (typesetting) and "On Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty". At present, the school point "Chen Shu", because the history is small (about 200,000 words), and I have a teaching task, I have not come to Beijing for the time being, and I am engaged in school in my spare time in school.
"Chen Shu": You can start the school, and you can pay for the schedule within next year.
"The Situation of Personnel Participating in the "Twenty-Four Histories" of the Point School" (for the reference of the leaders only) (1963.10.25)
However, after weighing up, the book bureau finally crossed out the remark that "I will not come to Beijing to work in school" in the draft of the "List of Seconded Personnel in the Twenty-Four Histories of the School" left by the cadres of the Central Propaganda Department three days later, and changed it to "or come to Beijing in the second half of next year", and circled the secondment time "July 64" according to the current actual situation.
Draft of the List of Seconded Personnel of the "Twenty-Four Histories" of the School (1963.10.28)
Therefore, from the time he removed his hat in 1963 to the first half of 1964, Mr. Zhang Weihua was still teaching at Shandong University, and the teaching task was to continue Mr. Tong Shuye's pre-Qin history class to teach the history of the Qin and Han Dynasties, and from October 1963 to April 1964, he systematically taught the "Economic History of the Late Period of China's Feudal Society" for the graduating students of the Department of History. According to Mr. Zou Yilin, Mr. Zhang's classroom style:
Mr. Zhang is full of confidence in his lectures, his voice is loud, he speaks Shandong Mandarin, the rural tone is very heavy, and he keeps on his mouth during class, one after another, and once he enters the classroom, he does not have to use matches. The soot fell on the front chest and was not dusted away, and the thought was highly concentrated. The course is rich in content and sounds very rewarding, so for a while I wanted to engage in the history of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and when I was in school, I paid attention to the issue of tributary trade in the Ming Dynasty, which was completely influenced by Mr. Zhang's class. (Department of History, Shandong University in the Era of "Eight Horses and The Same Groove")
Mr. Zhang Weihua actually went to Beijing, not late in July 1964, but immediately after the graduation class in April, he left immediately, so he participated in the "Chen Shu" symposium held at the Zhonghua Bookstore on the morning of May 5. This small special meeting, convened by Xiao Xiangping and Zhao Shouyan, and also attended by Wang Zhongji and Lu Zhenhua, discussed the selection of the base of the "Book of Chen" and the handling of variant characters to avoid secret characters. Mr. Zhao Shouyu also briefly introduced the examples of the use of punctuation methods in the "Twenty-Four Histories", the writing of proofreading records, and talked about the opinions on working methods. In the selection of the base book, Mr. Zhang initially advocated the use of the Dian Ben, "later decided to still use the Bai Gong Ben as the base book, using the Dian Ben and the Jinling Bureau Ben to pass the school, and Mr. Zhang voluntarily served as the general school of the Dian Ben and the Bai Gong Ben in order to find out the advantages and disadvantages of the two versions." Whether different languages, variant characters and avoidance words need to be unified and corrected, it is necessary to be cautious, and it is necessary to ascertain the situation and history. Mr. Zhang Weihua's feelings about his work were recorded in detail in the work report of the relevant personnel of the bookstore in the second half of May 1964:
Mr. Zhang Weihua has repeatedly said in the conversation that this work needs to be carried out meticulously, and the time also needs to be calm. There was a sense that the school did not give him enough time. Although I didn't say it explicitly, I felt this way.
"Twenty-Four History" Work Report (Second Half of May 1964)
Since mid-June, the work of "Chen Shu" has been:
Mr. Zhang Weihua, in the dianben version of the proofreading, that is, other proofreading. Up to now, the number of excerpts from the achievements of predecessors has reached hundreds, of which in addition to Zhang Yuanji, Zhang Senkai and other school records, the "Seventeen History Discussions" is the most.
"Twenty-Four History" Work Report (mid-to-late June 1964)
Mr. Zhang's attitude towards the work of the point school has also changed. At first, although "I used to say that this kind of trivial school work was 'not for my husband'", once I took over, I still engaged in it seriously. He focused on the solution of academic problems, and after working for several months, he even believed that "it should not be limited to the school point, but also engaged in annotations in order to solve the problem completely." There has been a significant change in the understanding of the work of the proofreading site:
He repeatedly said that this work is very meticulous, unlike teaching, without doing this work can not appreciate the bitterness, the history of the school did not do so word by word, he said that he has been reading for half a lifetime, without the meticulous reading of these two months, the harvest is quite large. ("Twenty-Four History" Work Report, July 8, 1964)
Thus, by July 8, 1964, after two months of intensive work, the "Book of Chen" had made remarkable progress:
Zhang Weihua is now checking with the "History of the South", and he has finished proofreading the "Chen Shu", "Seventeen History Shangyu", "Twenty-two Shi Kaoyi", Zhang Yuanji Zhang Senkai and other proofreading records, "Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties One Hundred and Three Collections", and the current "History of the South", etc., and plans to re-proofread about ten kinds of books such as "Yuangui of the Book of The Capital" and "Taiping Imperial Records". ("Twenty-Four History" Work Report, July 8, 1964)
"Twenty-Four History" Work Report (July 8, 1964)
When it was summer vacation, "because the people who were transferred were from the school, so the winter and summer vacation system was still implemented, and every holiday, before the group went home, the Zhonghua Bookstore bought the tickets on behalf of the group and sent them to the train one by one", Mr. Luo Jizu recalled later ("In the Days of the History of Cuiwei School - Luo Jizu Talked about the "Twenty-Four History" of the Zhonghua Bookstore). However, Mr. Zhang Weihua did not leave and continued to concentrate until he returned to school in October:
Mr. Zhang Weihua's "Chen Shu" work, during the summer vacation, the "History of the South" and the "Book of Liang" were also almost finished, he said that the "Tongjian" has been completed and has carried out the proofreading of seven kinds of books, almost, as for Luo Zhenyu's "Five Histories School Discussion" is mainly based on the Northern Dynasty, and does not plan to re-school. He planned to spend another month proofreading the Book of Records yuangui next year, and the proofreading work would be completed. The proofreading work is intended to take three months, and it can be completed by September next year at most. As for the punctuation work, he had already read through it all, and the question of raising the line and segmentation had also been done well, and he suggested that he buy another hundred copies of the "Book of Chen" to prepare for recruitment. ("Twenty-Four History" Work Report, September 5, 1964)
"Twenty-Four History" Work Report (September 5, 1964)
The work of Mr. Zhang Weihua, the point schoolmaster, is concentrated and efficient, and the work of the responsible editor is gradually unfolding. Previously, there had been arrangements, and the responsible editors were Mr. Wu Yiru and He Cijun, but the work done could not be examined in detail, and only a glimpse of the words in Mr. Song Yunbin's diary on December 31, 1965: "This proof ("Chen Shu") was once he Cijun's school, which was quite delicate. Mr. Song Yunbin's compilation work began in July 1965. The "Diary of Song Yunbin" clearly records: "Two days, sunny." Start reading Zhang Weihua's "Book of Chen". After that, see the relevant records in Song Yunbin's Diary. Except for the first volume, which began on July 2 and began on July 12, and then advanced at a rate of one or two days per volume, all of which first read the proofreading draft and then wrote the proofreading survey, and the progress was quite rapid:
(July) three days, overcast, sometimes with showers, the weather turned cool. In the morning, I began to re-read the previously revised "Chen Shu" point proofreading draft and proofreading record.
(August) twenty-sixth, sunny. Re-reading the "Book of Chen" point proofreading manuscript has nearly sixty percent of the whole book.
(August) 30 days, cloudy and sunny. He worked on the Bureau in the morning and afternoon. The twenty-two volumes of the finished "Book of Chen" were handed over to Zhang Weihua.
(September) 16 Cloudy to sunny. He worked on the Bureau in the morning and afternoon. The second part of the "Book of Chen" has been reviewed and handed over to Zhang Weihua.
(September) 18th, sunny. In the morning, work at the Bureau. Zhang Weihua returned the "Book of Chen" to point out eight volumes of proofreading.
(October) 5th, sunny. Work on the Bureau as usual. The "Book of Chen" has been read in its entirety, and it is paid to pay for the school.
(October) Eleventh, sunny. In the afternoon, he discussed with Wang Zhongji and Zhang Weihua the layout format and proofreading of the Book of Southern Qi and the Book of Chen.
On August 30 and September 16, 1965, Mr. Song Yunbin returned the manuscript to Mr. Zhang Weihua twice, and the "Book of Chen" pointed out the distribution of the full manuscript of the school, after Mr. Song Yunbin finished processing on October 5. The contents of the "Diary of Song Yunbin" that deal with the "Book of Chen" are the records of reading the proof that began on December 31, 1965. During this period, the work organization is still Mr. Song Yunbin after reading the proof, ask Mr. Zhang Weihua to proof again. By June 9, 1966, "Qing, all proofs of the main text of the Book of Chen were re-proofed by Song Maohua and paid for", which became the last record of the "Twenty-Four Histories" point school work in the "Diary of Song Yunbin". It can be seen that in addition to Mr. Zhang Weihua and Mr. Song Yunbin, there are also He Cijun and Song Maohua who have proofread the "Book of Chen". So far, Mr. Song Yunbin's "Book of Chen" editing work has lasted for more than eleven months. In addition to work, the school site has also visited each other or traveled hand in hand. Mr. Song Yunbin's diary on September 23, 1965: "Late, go to the Northwest Building to see Zhang Weihua. October 3 diary: "In the afternoon, with Zhang Weihua, Tang Changru, Wang Zhongji and others tour taoran pavilion." In the evening, Zhang Weihua waited for guests in Fortress Garden and drank Chen Shao wine, which was excellent. ”
The Book of Chen, in total, is thirty-six volumes, and in the increasingly noisy situation in June, the main text is all paid, Mr. Zhang Weihua is called back by school, in addition to the publication instructions are undecided, and more are handled by the bookstore. As early as September 9, 1965, Mr. Wang Zhongji wrote the publication instructions of the Book of Chen and submitted it to Mr. Song Yunbin. On April 29 and 30, 1966, Mr. Song Yunbin twice "prepared to rewrite the publication instructions of the Book of Chen", but finally put it down. In May and June 1966, under the relevant spiritual instructions of the superiors, the Zhonghua Book Company announced that it would stop its professional work and conduct political study, and the experts who had been seconded to the bureau to participate in the work of the "Twenty-Four History" point school successively returned to their original units. Several histories, such as the Book of Chen and the Book of Southern Qi, are in a state where the main text is unprinted and lacks publication instructions, and the work of "Twenty-Four Histories" point school is temporarily shelved. However, in 1967, the work was briefly resumed, and according to the instructions of Qi Benyu, then acting director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee, the Zhonghua Book Company could continue to order and proofread the "Twenty-Four Histories" and begin to supervise the progress of the publication of various histories. On May 10, the bookstore formulated the "Work Plan on Organizing the Publication of the "Twenty-Four Histories"", "three types of paid types ("Southern Qi Shu", "Chen Shu", and "Zhou Shu"), which are still missing the preface, and are expected to be completed in August and published within the year". However, the work was suspended with Qi Benyu being quarantined for review.
The re-departure of the "Twenty-Four Histories" point school work was carried out under the personal care of Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai. In February 1971, Premier Zhou Enlai requested the publication of the book to be reinstated, specifically mentioning that "the 'Twenty-Fourth History' still needs to be revised?" On 2 April, Yao Wenyuan, after asking Chairman Mao Zedong for his approval and receiving his approval, wrote to Premier Zhou Enlai reiterating the issue of the "Twenty-Four Histories" pointing out that the "Twenty-Four Histories" had only published four kinds of "History", "Book of Han", "Book of Later Han", and "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms", and none of the others had been printed. Now some old intellectuals are also idle and can organize some people to do it. ...... The Chairman was consulted on the matter, and the Chairman approved it.". Premier Zhou Enlai gave instructions on the same day that the "Twenty-Four Histories" plus the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty" would all be asked by the Zhonghua Book Company to be responsible for organizing and inviting people to punctuate, and Mr. Gu Jiegang would make it up. On April 25, Zhonghua Book Company summarized the previous information learned by many parties and compiled "Preliminary Ideas for Sorting Out the Twenty-Four Histories" and "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty" (for discussion and reference)", proposing another secondment, which was divided by the Beijing Zhonghua Book Company and the Shanghai People's Publishing House. On May 3, the State Council Publishing Port Leading Group submitted to the Central Committee the "Report on The Request for Instructions for Sorting Out and Publishing the Twenty-Four Histories" and the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty" on the basis of the relevant materials reported by the Zhonghua Bookstore, and on May 14, this report was personally reviewed and revised by Premier Zhou, and Chairman Mao Zedong gave instructions to "agree", thus starting the second large-scale collation of the "Twenty-Four Histories" and the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty" in the 1970s.
"Report on the Compilation and Publication of the Twenty-Four Histories" and the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty" (May 14, 1971)
According to this report, the Book of Chen was intended to be printed and published within 1971. According to an archive of "progress in the history of Beijing" that year, the publication time of the Book of Chen was further clarified as "the book will be published at the end of 1971 (at the latest in January next year)". The "Book of Chen" and other three historical texts were paid as early as 1966, and on August 28, 1971, the book bureau gave a progress report to the leading group of the publishing mouth: "Printing within the year, in order to use the original paper type, it can be changed or not changed, and it is not changed." "Paper type is a special paper covered with a row of lead plates, pressed into a negative paper model for printing. If there is a major change in the content, it is necessary to re-pick up movable type, typesetting, and format, and the cost and publication progress will inevitably be greatly affected. At that time, the requirements of the situation for the content of publications were more reflected in the "Publication Instructions". The writing of the "Publication Instructions" was not an easy task, and under the circumstances at that time, it especially reflected the political tendencies of the work, and the "Twenty-Four Histories" even prepared to adopt a unified "Publication Instructions" at one time, and later changed to sub-history writing. Both the Book of Chen and the Book of Liang were written by Tang Yao Silian and intended to use the same Publication Notes. On January 7, Mr. Zhao Shouyu reported to the Publishing Leading Group that the Book of Chen was originally scheduled to be printed at the end of 1971. Due to the repeated revision of the 'Publication Notes', it has only been roughly finalized so far, so it has been delayed for some time. Can be published in February". The work was actually completed in March 1972. The Book of Chen finally became one of the earlier publications of the "Twenty-Four Histories" after the "First Four Histories".
In the "Twenty-Four Histories" point school work that began in 1967 and 1971, a large number of point school tasks needed to be completed urgently, and the gentlemen who had worked with Mr. Zhang Weihua had been seconded to Beijing twice under the organization and planning of the Zhonghua Bookstore, and had a desk in the turbulent situation. Mr. Zhang Weihua has completed the "Book of Chen", and has studied deeply, studied the history of Chinese and Western transportation, the history of Qin and Han, and historical geography, and has always been a candidate for this. In the archives of the early 1960s, after the name of Mr. Zhang Weihua, the list of specialties was generally "History of the Two Han Dynasties" or "Chen Shu". In the May 1967 material on "Arrangements for Various Histories", "Zhang Weihua" was enclosed in "Zhang Weihua" after the "Book of Chen" and "Lu Zhenhua and Zhang Weihua" after the "History of the South". In the June 1967 "List of Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties", Mr. Zhang Weihua was included again, with the parenthesis "Can also participate in the work of the History of the Ming Dynasty". In 1971, the work of the school was restarted, and on June 10, the list of seconded personnel, the record of Mr. Zhang Weihua was "Shanda, Liaojin Yuanshi (right wing of the hat) Qufu". However, Mr. Zhang Weihua never made the trip. Mr. Wang Zhongji recalled afterwards, "The second time I ordered school work was in 1967, when Beijing called us and sent someone to recruit us, and the interim head of the department said that Zhang Weihua and I were both counter-revolutionaries, that the crime was serious, that we were not allowed to go, that Only Lu Zhenhua was allowed to go alone, and within a few months, Lu Zhenhua had also returned. The third time I worked at the school, from July 1971, until I returned in 1976. Professor Lu Zhenhua had a broken thigh, bedridden and unable to move, Professor Zhang Weihua had retired, and I was the only one who went there." Since then, Mr. Zhang Weihua has been staying at Shandong University, running the Chinese and Western Transportation History Research Laboratory for a long time, and training generations of graduate students. There are "Examination of the Construction of the Great Wall of China", "Annotations on the Four Kingdoms of The History of Europe in the History of the Ming Dynasty", "Collection of Treatises on the History of Han", "A Brief History of Sino-Western Relations during the Ming and Qing Dynasties", "Collection of Papers on late learning", "Sino-Russian Relations in the Early Qing Dynasty", etc.
Editor-in-Charge: Huang Xiaofeng
Proofreader: Liu Wei