With the strong support of Wu Sangui, Shang Kexi, and Geng Jingzhong, and with the full cooperation of Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong, and Gao Yingxiang, the Manchu Qing regime, as a vulnerable group, easily seized the Ming Dynasty and became the new ruler of the land of China. It's like a poor man who has been hungry all day and half starved to death, and suddenly he is smashed on the brain by a huge, rich, and fragrant pie.
Nurhaci and Huang Taiji are also ambitious or far-sighted politicians. When they founded the foundation of the Great Qing Dynasty, they would not be satisfied with being in a corner of eternal peace, and under the threat of the behemoth of the Ming Dynasty, they would live a small life of fear and precariousness. In their hearts, it is not that they do not have the idea of taking the Zhu family dynasty and replacing it. But the idea is the idea, in their view, this is probably a rather distant goal, can not be achieved overnight. To achieve this grand goal, it will take about several generations, or even a dozen generations, to work hard. But what I didn't expect was that so many people would fall for the Ming Dynasty and help them work together to achieve this goal early. This is really a blessing to the Qing Dynasty, in such a short period of time, all the assets of the dreamEd Ming Dynasty were transferred to their own names.
Because happiness came too suddenly, the Manchu rulers were not fully prepared to sit in the world, including political preparations, institutional preparations, talent preparations, management preparations, and so on. In particular, to manage such a vast territory and rule such a large population, a sufficient number of knowledgeable and managerial talents are needed. And relying on their own limited talent reserves alone is far from meeting the needs. Therefore, at the beginning of the founding of the Qing Dynasty, it was natural to learn from some of the more mature management systems and methods of the Ming Dynasty, such as the imperial examination system, to discover and select talents who govern the country and manage society.
Within a few years of the unification of China's territory by the Qing Dynasty, at the suggestion of some Han officials, they could not wait to open the imperial examination. In the third year of the Shunzhi of the Great Qing Dynasty (1646), the first emperor after the founding of the Great Qing Dynasty, came into being. This person's surname was Fu Yiyi, a native of Liaocheng, Shandong, whose hometown was in the Dongchangfu District of present-day Liaocheng City. In the history of the imperial examination, the founding titles of the three dynasties of the Tang Dynasty, the Great Yuan, and the Great Qing Dynasty were all won by qilu students, which is very remarkable. Sun Fujia, Zhang Qiyan, and Fu Yiwei, the three founding champions, really won glory for the land of Shandong.
In the eyes of some people, Fu Yiwei, as the first leader of the founding of the Qing Dynasty, seems to be somewhat insufficient in gold content. On the one hand, at this time, the small governments of exile in the Southern Ming Dynasty, such as the Tang King, the Gui King, and the Lu King, were still surviving in some areas of the South. The effective management areas of the Manchu Qing have not yet covered these places. On the other hand, in the effective management areas of the Manchu Qing, there were also many Han intellectuals loyal to the Ming Dynasty, who were afraid of bearing the name of a traitor and were unwilling to cooperate with the Qing court. In this way, the number of applicants for the first imperial examination in the Qing Dynasty, the quality of candidates, etc., are afraid that they will have to be discounted. But in any case, Fu Yizhi was after all the founding father of the Great Qing Dynasty. The first is to look at, not to mention, the first plus yuan of the founding of the country, coupled with the first yuan of Liaocheng in the history of the imperial examination, in Fu Yiwei's body, it should be regarded as creating three firsts. Therefore, Fu Yiyi is very worthy of our Shandong people to be proud of this fellow countryman.
In order to expand the scope of talent selection and ensure that talents are produced early, more talents, and good talents, under the guidance of high-ranking people, the imperial examinations held in the early qing dynasty adopted a policy of recognizing the academic qualifications of former dynasty scholars. For example, candidates who have achieved the status of a person in the Ming Dynasty can directly apply for the Examination of the Jinshi of the Great Qing Dynasty, without having to start from the beginning of the first level. This policy provision is still quite commendable.
People who can be admitted to the top level, whether in terms of innate conditions or acquired efforts, are probably very different from ordinary people. According to relevant historical sources, although this Fu Yiyi was born into a relatively poor family, he was very unusual when he was young, and he was a small prodigy-like figure. Shi Zai, who was "brilliant when he was young, could recite books at the age of three, and memorized the history of the scriptures at the age of five." Because of his talent and diligence, he was usually diligent and studious, so he could later become famous in one fell swoop and gloriously became the first person of the Great Qing Dynasty.
Whether Fu Yiyi had obtained the status of Daming's imperial examination, there is no relevant record in the historical records. However, from the analysis of various aspects of the situation, he should be the beneficiary of the Qing Dynasty's policy of recognizing the academic qualifications of the former dynasty. Because when Fu Won the Championship with the Gradual Golden Hall, he was already a small forty person. As a reader of his age, it was impossible that he had not taken the Imperial Examination of Daming. In the short period of time when The Great Qing ascended to the throne, if Fu Yiyi was a white Ding, starting from Xiucai and raising people to take the exam step by step, it would be too late in time.
In the eyes of some intellectuals in the early Qing Dynasty, Fu Yi gradually participated in the Examination of the Great Qing Dynasty as an act of surrender by traitors in cooperation with foreign invaders. Traitor is a term that the Chinese people despise the most. However, the hat of a traitor cannot be easily buttoned. When Fu Yizhi signed up for the Great Qing Imperial Examination, the Ming Dynasty had no choice but to spend it. The Qing Dynasty became the new dynasty of The Great China, which is also an ironclad fait accompli. In such a historical context, it is very normal for some intellectuals who have not changed their original intentions and swore loyalty to the Ming Dynasty to the death. However, most readers like Fu Yiwei adopt a pragmatic attitude of acknowledging reality, which is also beyond reproach, and cannot easily characterize others as traitors. If that were the case, there would be traitors everywhere.
From Fu Yiyi, the author is associated with zhang Hongfan, a famous general in the early Yuan Dynasty. In the famous Battle of Yashan, Zhang Hongfan led his troops to win more with less and completely eliminated the exiled small government of the Southern Song Dynasty. The reason why it is said to be a small government in exile in the Southern Song Dynasty is that the Southern Song dynasty in the legal sense has been declared extinct since Emperor Gong of Song was wrapped up by some ministers and surrendered to the Mongol army in Lin'an City by raising a white flag to the Mongol army. After the Battle of Yashan, Zhang Hongfan, who felt very good about himself, asked his men to erect a stone stele with seven big characters inscribed on it: "Zhang Hongfan destroyed the Song Here". According to legend, there was a talented literati who added another word to the stele, and the inscription became "Song Zhang Hongfan destroyed the Song here".
"There is no China after the cliff mountain". As a result, Zhang Hongfan was put on the hat of the biggest traitor in Chinese history by posterity. Calling Zhang Hongfan a traitor is actually an inaccurate statement. When the author says this, he does not want to overturn the case for Zhang Hongfan, but based on the following two reasons. First, Zhang Hongfan's father served as an official of the Jin Dynasty and later surrendered to the Mongols. When Zhang Hongfan was born, even the Jin Kingdom was destroyed by Song Meng for several years. That is to say, Zhang Hongfan has never been a great Song people at all, so why is it said that "Song Zhang Hongfan"? If we have to put on a hat of "adultery" for Zhang Hongfan's father and son, then Zhang Hongfan's father should be called "golden adulterer", and he himself should be called "golden adulterer" son. Just because Zhang Hongfan is a Han Chinese, he cannot be called a traitor. Second, under the influence of Qin Juniper and others, the Southern Song Dynasty once launched the infamous basic national policy of "returning from the south to the south, and the north to the north". This means that in the future, the government of the Southern Song Dynasty will only take care of the people south of the Yangtze River. As for the people north of the Yangtze River, including the Han people, please don't have any hope for the Great Song Dynasty, there will be no more "Wang Shi Bei Ding Zhongyuan Day", the dynasty will no longer recognize your national identity, and everyone will be at ease in the future to be the shunmin of the Great Golden Kingdom. How can a regime that has launched such a lack of German policy expect and have any qualifications to demand that the broad masses of the people in the north be unswerving and loyal to themselves to the end? People like Qin Juniper are the real traitors. Therefore, Zhang Hongfan's behavior is, at best, its own master.
When I say these digressions here, I want to illustrate a truth. For historical figures and historical events, we should have an objective and calm attitude, and analyze and evaluate them in combination with the specific background of the times. It is not a scientific method of reading history, such as the rigidity of the people, or simply and bluntly distinguishing between good and bad mechanical dichotomy. As for Zhu Yuanzhang's later extermination of Zhang Hongfan's descendants, it was even more indiscriminate and unreasonable.
Back to the point. After Fu Yi gradually became a civil servant of the central government of the Qing Dynasty, his career path was smooth and his career was very fast. After joining the work, Fu Yixian was first appointed as the secretary of the Hongwen Academy (修撰, from Liupin). The so-called Hongwenyuan is one of the three inner courts (the National History Academy, the Secretariat Yuan, and the HongwenYuan) established by Emperor Taiji in the tenth year of Tiancong (1636). The functions of the inner three courts are similar to those of the Hanlin Academy in the Ming Dynasty, mainly responsible for secretarial archives, decision-making consultation and other work. It is just the specific division of labor of the three chambers, each with its own emphasis. Later, the Shunzhi Emperor merged the three internal chambers into a cabinet, and established a separate Hanlin Yuan.
The main job of the Hongwen Academy is to accompany the emperor's crown princes to explain the history of scriptures and poetry, and basically can be regarded as their full-time teachers. For example, Fu Yiwei, just before the Kangxi Emperor ascended to the throne, was his teacher. At the time when Fu Yi was gradually admitted to the title, although Shunzhi had already become emperor, he was still a child. Although he was not officially appointed by the imperial family, it was also conceivable that Fu Yiyi had tutored the Shunzhi Emperor in his study.
The other side of accompanying the king is like accompanying the tiger, which is a good official around the emperor. Fu Yiyi was a gentle and frugal man, acting introverted and modest, and his words were followed and seduced, which coaxed the little emperor to be very happy. The emperor was happy, and things were easier. Moreover, Fu Yiyi, who has no quarrels, gets along well with his colleagues and has good interpersonal relationships. With only a short period of ten years of hard work, Fu Yi gradually rose from a position of a cadre at the department level to become an important minister of the imperial court.
Fu Yi gradually served as an attendant of the National History Academy, Zuo Shuzi, Shao Zhan Shi, a scholar of the Secretariat Academy, a scholar of the National History Academy, a scholar of the Wuyingdian University and the minister of defense of the Qing Dynasty (Bingbu Shangshu). During this period, he was also awarded a series of honorary titles such as Prince Taibao, Prince Shaobao, and Guanglu Dafu, basically achieving the highest level of civil officials. Like the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty did not have a special position as prime minister. The title of prime minister in some Qing Palace dramas is just a common name. However, the functions and powers of individual cabinet scholars in the Qing Dynasty were basically equivalent to those of the prime minister. In other words, fu Yiyi only took more than ten years to go from a middle- and lower-level official to the equivalent of the rank of prime minister. Such a speed of promotion is amazing enough.
On the issue of Fu Yiyi's use, two problems are illustrated. First, at the beginning of the founding of the Qing Dynasty, the administrative management was complicated, and it was very necessary for insightful and capable officials like Fu Yiyi to contribute to the service. Second, the rulers of the early Qing Dynasty learned the lessons of the Yuan Dynasty, and although they also restricted and guarded against Han officials, they were much more clever in their handling methods. Of course, this is also inseparable from Fu Yiyi's personal cultivation. If he had been a teacher to the emperor, he would have been like Zhang Juzheng who did not engage in quality education, scolded and punished his own students at every turn, silenced a small child, and seen the teacher like a mouse seeing a cat, and maybe he would die a very ugly death. Therefore, it is better to be a subject of people, or to be low-key and modest, and to be high-profile and public.
Fu gradually learned and cultivated profoundly, had extensive knowledge, quick thinking, and high efficiency. One year, the empress dowager had a relatively serious illness, and the young Shunzhi was worried about his mother's illness, which affected the handling of government affairs. In two months, the minister had a backlog of more than 800 pieces. In desperation, Shunzhi entrusted Fu to deal with it gradually. After receiving the order, Fu gradually divided three by five, and within three days, he handled it properly and properly, which greatly pleased Shunzhi Longxin.
After that, Shunzhi gradually paid more and more attention to Fu Yi. When there are major military and political matters, including system building, most of them must listen to his opinions and suggestions. Fu Yiyi also bowed down and was loyal and loyal, did not live up to the emperor's appreciation and trust in him, and became one of the important political figures that could not be ignored in the early Qing Dynasty. After the founding of the Qing Dynasty, it was basically a mess. Fu Yi gradually made an indispensable contribution to bringing the social order and management system onto the right track as soon as possible.
Fu Yiyi, who had read the books of the sages, was honest and self-respecting for the officials, and his reputation was spread far and wide. In his personal life, Fu Yi gradually did not covet enjoyment, and his life was very diligent and simple. When going out at home, I never show off my face and talk about pomp and circumstance. Shi Zai, "Public residence phase, food is not heavy, clothes are re-raccoon, no different from Han Su." This means that after Fu Yi gradually became a high-ranking official, he still ate coarse tea and light rice, and the clothes he wore were washed and washed, no different from ordinary people. Fu Yiyi is worthy of being a gentleman who cleans himself and improves himself. His character and official character are worthy of admiration and praise by future generations.
There is an interesting passage about Fu Yiyi's simplicity and simplicity. As a scholar, Fu Yi gradually could not ride a horse. When he followed the Shunzhi Emperor out on inspections and safaris, he did not travel in luxury palanquins like other high-ranking officials, but liked to ride a small donkey in and out. Shunji, who was still a half-grown child, looked at it and thought it was very funny. On a whim, he casually scribbled a picture entitled "Returning to the Donkey Like a Fly" and gave it to Fu Yiwei. Although this painting will not have much artistic value, because it was painted by the emperor himself, Fu Yizhi and the descendants of the Fu family still loved it like a treasure, and specially built a "Royal Painting Building" to hide it.
In Fu Yiwei's hometown, there are also stories similar to "let the wall poems" circulate, probably to illustrate his good character in dealing with people. However, there are many such stories, for example, in the Ming Dynasty, there are more than one Yuanjinshi's hometown with such stories circulating, which makes people unable to distinguish between true and false. Fu Yiyi's "let the wall poems" are the same poems as the poems in those stories. The difference is that the alley that their family gave up was later called "Renyi Lane". Whether you believe this legend or not, you will listen to your honor.
Fu Yiyi was a person with an indifferent heart. Because the work is more diligent and serious, and the physical fitness is average, it falls ill. During Shunzhi's reign, Fu Yizhi applied for early retirement several times to go home to recuperate, but they were not approved by the leadership. It was not until Kangxi came to power as emperor that Fu Yiyi was able to return to his hometown. Within a few years of returning home, he followed the Shunzhi Emperor, who had appreciated him, to the Kingdom of Heaven at the age of fifty-seven.
Erudite and rigorous, Fu Yiyi not only "moral articles are really the crown of the moment", but also has a deep study of history, astronomy, geography, law, agriculture, and transportation, and has profound and unique insights on many issues. Fu continued to cultivate with gradual pen and wrote a lot of works, but unfortunately, most of them have been lost, and only the "Four Books of Zhou Yi Zhiyi" have been handed down.
Because of the emergence of Fu Yiwei as such a high-ranking official, the Fu family was in the Liaocheng area, and later developed into a well-known and prestigious family with great influence. Among the descendants of the Fu clan, there are many sages and celebrities. Those who served as officials in the dynasty and even became feudal officials were endless for generations. For example, Fu Sinian, a famous scholar of the Republic of China who was the president of Peking University and known as "Fu Cannon", is the seventh generation grandson of Fu Yiwei from the family tree. The depth of this Fu Zhuangyuan's family origins is really worthy of the name.
About author:Wang Lijing, pen name Gu Di, male, Shouguangren, Shandong, born in Beijing in 1958, graduated from qufu Normal University Chinese Department. He has worked as a young intellectual, a worker, a teacher, a cadre of the organs, and has served as the vice president of the Shandong Police College and a second-level police supervisor. A prose writer who is a member of the Chinese Writers Association, he has published more than 3 million words, won many awards and been selected for a variety of anthologies. The related works have become the bibliography of the libraries of princeton university, Stanford University, Peking University, the University of Hong Kong and other famous universities, and have twice been selected as the top ten recommended books for primary and secondary school students in Shandong Province to read a good book during winter and summer vacations.
Tani ogi
The content of this article is published by the author of One Point and does not represent the position of Qilu One Point.
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![Fu Yiwei: The emperor of Kangxi, the favorite of Shunzhi, the first ruler of the Qing Dynasty, but the descendants are reluctant to mention the beginning of the first and hundred years of the Wang clan, from the title to the "prime minister" three, teaching Kangxi, resigning three times, and the development of the Fu clan in Liaocheng[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)