India has a long history. There was once a glorious ancient civilization, and China was a close neighbor, equally vast and populous, and historically exploited by Western colonization. In modern times, it has gradually played an important role on the world stage. Given the current relationship between the epidemic and yesterday's... Start focusing on India. Let's talk about the South Asian Peninsula
Thousands of years of interaction, in general, are more friendly, and occasionally there are times when fists and feet are added.
Several nodes of historical origin
The early exchanges between China and India seemed to start with Buddhism. According to research, around the time of Emperor Ming of Han (around 67 AD), Buddhism was introduced to China and was known as The Floating Tu Sect.
[White Horse Temple, China's first ancient temple, the world famous Galan.] Founded in the eleventh year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (68 AD), it is the first government-run monastery built after the introduction of Buddhism to China, known as the "ancestral court" and "Shiyuan" of Chinese Buddhism; it has a history of more than 1900 years, located 12 kilometers east of the old city of Luoyang City, Henan Province, in the town of Baima Temple in Luolong District. The existing ruins and monuments are left by the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties]
In 399 (the Eastern Jin Dynasty), the 65-year-old Faxian set out from Chang'an via the Western Regions to Tianzhu, which lasted 14 years, traveled to more than 30 countries, collected a large number of Sanskrit classics, and returned to China in the ninth year of Yixi. He later wrote The Book of the Kingdom of Buddha. He was the first recorded master to go overseas to learn the scriptures and seek the Dharma, and well, a donkey friend and translator.
For the Chinese people, the more famous is the other, especially in the group of children... He was Xuanzang, whose real name was Chen Yi, a famous monk in the Tang Dynasty and the founder of the Fa Xiang Sect, who was revered as the "Three Tibetan Masters" and later known as "Tang Monks". Due to the long distance between Tianzhu and Chang'an, the birthplace of Buddhism, the Buddhist scriptures diverged in the process of language translation and dissemination. Therefore, Xuanzang passed through Liangzhou during the Zhenguan period, passed through the Yumen Pass, and traveled 50,000 miles west to Tianzhu to learn the scriptures. It lasted seventeen years and studied all kinds of theories of the time.
After his return, Xuanzang and his disciples worked for a long time in translating Buddhist scriptures, and compiled the mountains, rivers, lands, products, and customs of the 110 countries he personally experienced in his journey to the west and the rumored 28 countries into the Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty. The Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty is an important document for the study of ancient historical geography in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and other places. To put it another way, if it were not for these records, the history of civilization in some countries would be a myth: This journey was processed by novelists hundreds of years later into "Journey to the West"~~ There is a saying that the Tang monks were not officially appointed at that time, but smuggled out. However, regardless of the facts, Xuanzang was the messenger of a great civilization.
Buddhism originated in India and flourished in China, and from today's perspective, it is a standard wall flowering wall outside the incense. In fact, there are many things around us that we are accustomed to, all of which come from overseas. For example, Newtonian mechanics, Marxism, more basic Arabic numerals (also invented by ancient Indians), peppers, corn, pomegranates... The exchange and collision between civilizations is always in all aspects, and the principle of taking the best and discarding the dross has been discussed many years ago. Therefore, whether to study abroad, whether to close the door of the country to develop these problems, countries that have popularized nine-year compulsory education are really not suitable for further discussion. Of course, this is a digression~
If Faxian and Xuanzang were professionals in the field of religion, then Zheng He was the official representative of the standard. After the Mongolian Yuan expanded the understanding of Eurasia (just as the epidemic effectively enhanced the cognition between the people of all countries), along with the development of the shipbuilding industry and the maturity of navigation technology, especially the navigation and positioning technology represented by the Sea Passage Needle Sutra (24/48 azimuth compass navigation) and the transoceanic horoscope (night astronomical navigation), the Ming Dynasty opened up the era of China's great navigation. Zheng He went to the West, and this legendary figure more than 600 years ago also had many intersections with the South Asian continent.
【Zheng He Treasure Ship Model】
Zheng He also died of illness near the kingdom of Kori (present-day Kozhikode, India) during his seventh voyage. One of the ship's fleet, Ma Huan, was a translator of the semulets and the author of the Yingya Victory, which recorded the contents of Zheng He's monument in the ancient country tree in the fifth year of Ming Yongle (1407), "His country, go to China for more than 100,000 miles, the people are salty, the xi is in the same wind, the carved stone is in Zizi, and the eternal display of all generations." However, no matter how hard the stone is, it may not survive the long years...
In particular, this book should be mentioned because Zheng He's logbook of going to the West, "Zheng He's Voyage to the Water", is gone, and there are not many written materials for the voyage, and "Yingya Victory" has become one of the few "treasures" that record the customs and customs along the way and study history. (To interject, it is a sadness that the extremely valuable journal is not left, but the XX diary that should not be there is popular.) The book records the ceylon, the lesser glen, the kochi, the ancient slang and other countries related to the South Asian peninsula at that time, and has a profound description of the Indian caste system at that time.
Ceylon (Ceylon Hill) is now Sri Lanka. In the seventh year of Yongle, Zheng He and Wang Jinghong (Zhangping, Fujian) erected the "Monument to the Buddhist Temple of Busch Ceylon Mountain", the stone stele recorded the list of gifts given at that time, in addition to the Chinese, the stone stele also had Persian and Tamil two languages, respectively, expressing respect for Islam and Hindu gods.
This is a lucky stone. The monument was discovered in 1911 while on Gallathew Road in southern Sri Lanka and is now in the Colombo Museum. The upper part of the stele is engraved with a pattern of Erlong Play Beads with distinctive Chinese characteristics, and the text below is faintly recognizable, "The Emperor Daming sent eunuchs Zheng He, Wang Guitong, etc., to announce to the Buddha..."
The stele is an antiquity, recording the past, but the source will survive, and history may be at some corner, using this obscure origin to open up another future...
【Dalian Maritime University has set up overseas campuses in Colombo International Nautical Engineering College in Sri Lanka since 2007 to carry out overseas education projects】
The unprecedented seven voyages to the West, 28 years before and after, tell the story of the "Belt and Road" of the Ming Dynasty. This history can be studied in detail.
Historically, China and the South Asian peninsula have been inextricably linked, more than the waters of the Ganges...