Bai Hongchang sorted out
When Yu was sorting out the military history materials of the 157th Division of the 44th Army (Seventh Column) of the Siye Army, he went through the history of the underground history of the communist party of the former Northeast Army and the brief history of the Northeast Army Cadet Corps, and found that five cadres of the 157th Division and regimental level were from the Northeast Army Cadet Corps. They were: Yu Yingchuan, deputy political commissar of the 157th Division; Xing Cheng, deputy commander of the 157th Division; Wang Jingyi, commander of the 471st Regiment of the 157th Division; Bai Jie, deputy commander of the 469th Regiment of the 157th Division; and Yu Xiaogong, director of the Logistics Department of the 157th Division. They participated in and witnessed the Xi'an Incident that shocked the world, and ten years later they gathered in the 157th Division of Siye to experience the great decisive battles of Liaoshen and Pingjin. A brief history of the Northeast Military Cadet Corps is now specially brought together to commemorate our predecessors.
A brief history of the Northeast Military Cadet Corps
The Northeast Army Cadet Corps was established by General Zhang Xueliang to train the backbone of the Northeast Army's anti-Japanese resistance after accepting the idea of the Anti-Japanese National United Front put forward by the Communist Party of China. The cadet corps was formed in August 1936 and was officially established in Xi'an in September. Most of the trainees were progressive youth recruited by the Northeast Army Working Committee of the Communist Party of China (hereinafter referred to as the Eastern Working Committee) through the Beiping underground party organization, most of whom were members of the Democratic Pioneers and some Communists. Immediately after the establishment of the cadet corps, secret party branches and general party branches were established to carry out party work and actively recruit party members under the direct leadership of the Eastern Work Committee, and the number of party members grew to about two hundred, becoming an important force of the party in the northeast army and exerting a positive impact on the northeast army. In May 1937, the cadet corps was ordered to disband by Chiang Kai-shek. In light of the situation and needs at that time, the party organizations dispersed comrades who had the conditions to work in the Northeast Army to all units of the Northeast Army and continued to persist in their work, while the remaining comrades were assigned to work in North China and other places. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the overwhelming majority of cadets, under the leadership of the party, took to the battlefield of national liberation and made due contributions at their respective posts. Some comrades made heroic sacrifices, and many comrades later became the backbone of the party, government, and army fronts. Facts have proved that the Northeast Army Cadet Corps is a revolutionary force organized and led by the party in order to win over and transform the Northeast Army under special historical conditions, and it is a successful attempt by the party to use the policy of the anti-Japanese national united front and in an open and legal form to train a large number of revolutionary cadres in the areas ruled by the Kuomintang, thus accumulating useful experience in transforming the Kuomintang army into an anti-Japanese armed force.
I. The historical background and history of the establishment of the cadet corps
In 1931, Japanese imperialism launched the "9th and 18th" incidents, and Zhang Xueliang, commander of the Northeast Army, carried out Chiang Kai-shek's order not to resist (milling electricity), burying the great rivers and mountains of the three northeastern provinces. In 1933, the Japanese invaded and occupied Rehe Province, and in 1935, they launched the "North China Incident" in a vain attempt to annex all of China. At that time, the Chinese nation was at a critical juncture of life and death. On August 1, 1935, the Communist Party of China issued a declaration calling for the cessation of the civil war and the unanimous resistance against Japan. In December of the same year, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the students of Beiping broke out the "12th and 9th" Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement, which immediately set off a new upsurge in the people's anti-Japanese movement throughout the country, but Chiang Kai-shek ignored the danger of the nation and stubbornly implemented his policy of "outside the country must first be at home", brutally suppressed the anti-Japanese patriotic movement on the one hand, and mobilized a large army on the other hand to encircle and suppress the anti-Japanese Red Army on the north of the Long March. In September 1935, the Nanjing government appointed Zhang Xueliang as the deputy commander-in-chief of the "suppression of bandits" in the northwest, acting commander-in-chief, and the Northeast Army became the vanguard of the "suppression of the communists". From September to November 1935, the Northeast Army and the Red Army were annihilated in the battle of Laoshan, Yulinqiao, and Zhiluo Town, and nearly three divisions were annihilated in a row, losing soldiers and suffering heavy casualties, which greatly shocked the officers and men of the Northeast Army. Instead of replenishing it, the Nanjing government took the opportunity to cancel the number of the annihilated division and withhold its salaries, which made the officers and men of the Northeast Army extremely angry. Since the fall of the northeast, hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians in the northeast have been exiled to Guannei, subjected to all kinds of oppression and scorn, and since entering the northwest, they have suffered from displacement and turbulence. The cruel facts have made the vast number of officers and men of the Northeast Army gradually realize that the Red Army cannot be eliminated, and if it continues to fight, there is a danger that the whole army will be destroyed, and it will be even more difficult to realize the wish of returning to its hometown. Therefore, the sentiment of disgust with civil war and the restoration of the Anti-Japanese War was generally high. In 1933, Zhang Xueliang was forced to go to the wilderness to investigate abroad in Germany and Italy, believing that the fascists could save China, and fantasizing about realizing his wish to recover the northeast by implementing Chiang Kai-shek's policy of "staying inside and outside the country." However, the truth disappointed him. Under the influence of the sentiments of the vast number of officers and men of the Northeast Army demanding the restoration of the anti-Japanese homeland, under the impetus of the nationwide upsurge of resistance against Japan and the patriotic democrats in the northeast, and under the inspiration of the CPC's policy of the anti-Japanese national united front, Zhang Xueliang began to seriously consider seeking a new way out. In December 1935, the Party Central Committee established a broad anti-Japanese national united front policy. In January 1936, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and twenty other leaders of the Party and the Red Army jointly issued a "Letter to All the Officers and Men of the Northeast Army," affirming the Party's propositions and expressing the Red Army's willingness to first truce with the Northeast Army and unite to resist Japan. At the same time, the party Central Committee set up the Northeast Army Work Committee with Zhou Enlai as its secretary, strengthened the work of winning over the Northeast Army in all aspects, and sent Comrade Zhu Lizhi, a special commissioner of the Central Committee, to Xi'an to directly lead it. Comrades Liu Lanbo, who has been doing party work in the Northeast Army for a long time, have resisted the pressure of the "Left" military movement work of demanding soldiers rather than officers in accordance with the actual situation, actively carried out the work of winning sympathy from the middle and upper-level officers to resist Japan and save the dead, protect the work of progressive people, and make effective achievements in realizing the party's policy of the anti-Japanese national united front. At the request of Zhang Xueliang, the party also sent Comrade Liu Ding as a deputy to do liaison work around Zhang Xueliang, and made positive contributions to promoting Zhang Xueliang's joint anti-Japanese resistance. At the front line, the Red Army launched a powerful political propaganda offensive Chinese not to fight Chinese and to go back to their hometowns, which deeply touched the mood of the officers and men at the front line in resisting Japan and restoring the land, and greatly improved the relations between the Northeast Army and the Red Army and the masses. The Red Army carried out the correct policy of captivity, raised the political consciousness of the captured officers and men, and after their release became the volunteer propagandists of the Red Army, so that the vast number of officers and men of the Northeast Army realized that the Red Army was the backbone of the anti-Japanese resistance. Gao Fuyuan, the commander of the captured June 19th Regiment, took the initiative to ask the Northeast Army to persuade Zhang Xueliang to stop the civil war and jointly resist Japan, thus playing a bridging role. In February 1936, Li Kenong successively met with Wang Yizhe and Zhang Xueliang to reach a partial armistice agreement. On April 9 of the same year, Zhou Enlai and Zhang Xueliang held historic talks in Yan'an, and the two sides unanimously agreed to stop the civil war and unite against Japan. This meeting played a decisive role in promoting Zhang Xueliang to embark on the road of the United Communist Resistance against Japan. It was a great success in our Party's policy of the anti-Japanese national united front. Due to the gradual change in Zhang Xueliang's thinking, the step of training anti-Japanese backbone organizations and anti-Japanese forces was taken. In January 1936, The progressive officer Chen Dazhang, the regimental commander, recruited a hundred progressive young people (including a group of party members) in Beijing and formed a cadet corps in Xifeng Town, which was supported by Zhang Xueliang; In April, Commander Wan Yi, a progressive officer, also recruited nearly 20 progressive students (including a group of party members) to open a non-commissioned company in the town of Weiqu. In June, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng also held three officer training courses in Wangqu, Xi'an, with the aim of jointly resisting Japan, and selected officers at and above the company level below the regimental level to participate. In September, Zhang Xueliang also organized the "Anti-Japanese Comrades Association," which served as its president and recruited backbone elements who supported the anti-Japanese resistance to participate as the core organization of the anti-Japanese resistance.
In February 1936, Zhang Xueliang, in the name of the president of Northeastern University, invited student representatives Song Li, Han Yongzan, Ma Shaozhou, and three others to make five long talks on the Beiping student movement, the future of Northeastern University, and the Northeast Army, centering on stopping the civil war and resisting Japan and saving the country. In March, Zhang Xueliang secretly summoned Song Li to Luochuan and asked Song to go to the front line as a secretary to inspect the situation of the troops. Song Li learned that although the officers and men of the Northeast Army had a strong desire to resist Japan, they still did not have a clear understanding of the policy of "keeping the country from outside and at home," that the old habits were relatively heavy, that the number of officers in the battalion company was small, and that their political quality was also poor, so they could not meet the needs of the anti-Japanese resistance. On the basis of this situation, Zhang Xueliang suggested that an army school should be set up to train middle- and lower-ranking anti-Japanese officers. Miao Boran also made a similar suggestion. In May, the Northern Bureau decided to set up a party working committee in the Northeast Army to unify and lead the work of the underground Party in the Northeast Army. Song Li reported to Liu Lanbo that he had put forward a proposal to Zhang Xueliang to run an army school, and Liu Lanbo very much agreed with this proposal, believing that this was an important way for the party to carry out its work in the Northeast Army, and asked Song to write a letter to Zhang Xueliang detailing the proposal for running a military school. At the beginning of July, Zhang Xueliang talked to Song Li about the issue of running a military academy, and Song talked about the idea of running an army school with a scale of a thousand people, which was approved by Zhang Xueliang, considering that running an army school in Nanjing would not be allowed, but it was always okay for students to study and become soldiers, and to set up a student corps in the second battalion of the guard (later commonly known as the student corps). Song he was immediately instructed to make specific arrangements for song and the director of the staff secretarial office, Ying Detian, and staff officer Sun Mingjiu. The Cadet Corps was soon formed. The Eastern Working Committee entrusted Song Li with leading the party work of the cadet corps.
2. The source and organization of cadets
In August 1936, most of the trainees recruited through the Beiping underground party were college and middle school students who had participated in the "12th and 9th" movements, many were members of the "Minxian" movement, some were young people who were socially progressive, and a few were party members whose identities were exposed and were not suitable for continuing to work in Peiping.
The first batch of more than 110 trainees, led by Zhao Tianye, boarded three military stuffy tank trucks from Beiping West Station in late August. After arriving in Xi'an, the team attached to Weizhe went to the station to receive them, took them to the bath to take a bath, pushed their heads, changed their military uniforms, and lived in the inner building of the East City Gate of Xi'an, organized into a team, and later changed to a company. Among the party members in this group of trainees were Gao Xiang (Guo Feng), Ren Zhiyuan, Zhang Zhe, Hou Xiaolan, Li Zhen (Xie Kedong), Diao Xiangjian, Liu Jingxi (Gu Mu), Zhang Gang, Wang Yiping, and Wang Kekui (Qiao Xiaoguang). After Guo Feng transferred the Fifty-third Army, a formal branch was established, and the secretary of the branch was Zhang Fold, and then Ren Zhiyuan was ren Zhiyuan.
The second group of more than 100 people, also led by Zhao Tianye, arrived in Xi'an in late October. Like the first trainees, they sang anti-Japanese and salvation songs along the way, and held activities on the train to commemorate Lu Xun's death. After arriving in Xi'an, he also took a bath, stripped his head, changed his military uniform, and lived in the outer building of the Dongcheng Gate, which was organized into four companies. Among the party members in this group of trainees were Wu Shan, Zhang Mian, Li Zhengnan, Yuan Zhixin (Yuan Xinchun), Cheng Rong, Lin Shanfu (Ling Wang), Liu Kehong, Jin Duo (Jin Tiequn), Wang Xiaoxing, and Ding Guang (Tang Dingguang). The branch secretary is Zhang Mian. At this time, due to the gradual increase in party membership, a general branch was set up to strengthen leadership, with three subordinate branches (including the officers' branch).
In November, Guan Shirun and Wu Duo went to Beiping to recruit the third batch of trainees, and through the introduction of the underground party, more than 200 people were recruited. Because the Kuomintang discovered that the Northeast Army Cadet Corps was recruiting cadets and delayed in allocating wagons, soon after the Xi'an Incident occurred and the military vehicles stopped, they bought their own tickets and went west on the Tongpu Line instead. When the car arrived in Hancheng, it was stopped by Feng Qinzhao's troops and was not allowed to go to Xi'an, so this group of people dispersed, some went to Yan'an, some returned to Beiping, and only a few people arrived in Xi'an and joined the cadet corps.
Sanlian was founded shortly before the Xi'an Incident, and there were about sixty people. The first to arrive were nine young guangdong students, who had planned to go to Yan'an and decided to stay in the cadet corps after the organization. Later, dozens of people came from Shanghai, Henan, Shanxi, Wuhan, Xi'an, and other places, and this company lived in the new houses of civilians, and among the party members among these trainees were Zhao Qiuwei (Luo Libin), He Tianpeng, Wang Dun (Wang Zhiqing), Wu Zhengang, Lu Zhixian, Ren Shishun, and An Zhiwen. Branch Secretary He Tianpeng. It is also under the leadership of the General Branch.
The total number of three companies and team headquarters is about 370.
The organization and organization of the cadet corps and the allocation of cadres after the reorganization are roughly as follows:
The cadet corps has a team headquarters. Captain Kang Hongtai (Communist). The day before the Xi'an incident, he was transferred to the post of commander of the Eighth Regiment of the First O Fifth Division, and was succeeded by Wu Qinglin. The team is attached to Sun Jukui and Yu Weizhe (Communist Party members). The first responsible for political work was Guan Shirun, followed by Chen Zaili (a member of the Communist Party). It was Li Zixin who was in charge of the teaching affairs work, and Zhou Pinyi and Chen Zhe who were in charge of the work of the shu affairs. Full-time political instructors Kong Shudong (sent by Kong Xiangzhen's Northern Bureau) and Li Mengling (transferred from Xi'an No. 2 Central Committee of the Eastern Working Committee).
There are three platoons and nine squads in a row. Company commander Wang Kuang, platoon leader Wang Linying, second platoon commander Luo Guangzhi, and third platoon commander Zhang Jingyao.
There are three platoons and nine squads under the fourth company, and company commander Liu Mingxian, the first platoon leader Jia Fenglin, the second platoon leader Zhu Yunfei, and the third platoon leader Zhang Zhe.
There are two platoons of six squads under the three companies. The company commander was first Fu Wenwen, then Zhang Jingyao, and the platoon leader was Li Jingshi.
Military cadres at and above the platoon commander level were all selected and transferred from the army and the northeastern graduates of the Luoyang Military Academy, and the military squad leaders were sent by the Second Battalion of the Guards and the Luoyang Military Academy's Teaching Brigade. The political squad leader was selected from among the trainees.
3. The training life of the cadet corps
Enlistment training began in early September 1936 and officially began on the eighteenth. Cadets are all treated as ordinary soldiers, and each person is given two military gray blankets, one covering and one cover. Sleep on a mated floor. The food standard for second-class soldiers was eaten. The meal time is limited to ten minutes, and housekeeping is required to be neat. In order to keep secrets and security, they are not allowed to go down to the city tower under normal times; although life is difficult and training is very tense, everyone is full of spirit, high morale, and full of vitality.
Military classes are an important part of training. Military education is conducted by company and platoon commanders, and courses include "Infantry Drill Code," "Shooting Teachings," "Building a City," and "Surveying and Mapping." The teaching method is a combination of lectures and internships, with the aim of practical combat. For example, if the standard coach is carried out, the trainees will be brought to the city wall to practice steps, formations, direction changes, etc. In conducting combat training, we should start with individual instructors, gradually train squads, platoons, and companies, and then carry out offensive and anti-unloading in the field, practice classes, platoons, and companies, and carry out emergency assemblies, night marches, and camping. For shooting instructors, go to the playground to draw triangles, practice disassembly and assembly of weapons, live fire, etc. To carry out fortification coaching, they went to the field to practice using terrain features, as one-man bunkers and machine gun bunkers for lying, kneeling, and standing, and constructing traffic trenches. Once, I conducted a field exercise, and the destination was Zhouling, Xianyang, sixty miles away. The cadets were fully armed, carried operational tools, practiced regular marching (eight miles per hour) and rapid marching (twelve miles per hour) on the road, and after arriving at the camp, they also practiced such subjects as setting up tents, guarding the guard, and sneak attacks. Because all military instructors have graduated from military academies, have good military quality, and the cadets are all intellectuals and have a relatively strong ability to accept and understand, although the training time is not long and the teaching progress is relatively fast, the results are very good.
The political science course is a main course with the aim of raising the political and ideological level of the trainees to unite against Japan and save the nation from peril. The contents of political education are: (i) the philosophy of Marxism-Leninism and political economy; (ii) current affairs and politics are actually the history of China's modern revolution, focusing on the history and current situation of the struggle to resist Japan and save the country; (iii) the theory and practice of the War of Resistance against Japan (printed with pamphlets) ;(4) the history and current situation of the struggle of the Soviet revolution, the Chinese Soviet zone, and the Red Army; (5) Political work in the military. In addition to being taught by full-time political instructors, liu Ding was also asked to give lectures on "The Army's Political Work" and "Military Democracy in the Red Army," Zhu Lizhi to give lectures on "History of Social Development," song Li to give lectures on "The Current Situation and Tasks," Du Chongyuan, Che Xiangchen, Xu Yongchang, Wan Yi, and other well-known personalities to give speeches, and Gao Fuyuan, head of the regiment, to give a briefing on the situation in the Soviet zone. Yu Weizhe, who had been captured, also briefed him on what he had seen and heard in the Soviet union, Chairman Mao's speech, and the party and the Red Army's education and indoctrination of him. The people who give lectures, give reports, and give lectures are often "simple topics" but have extensive contents, and they use the topics to propagate revolutionary theory, publicize the Communist Party of China, the Soviet Union, and the Red Army, publicize the party's anti-Japanese united front policy, and so on. The military cadres of the cadet corps also attended the lectures, and they were also very active in their studies, and some of them joined the Communist Party.
The political science class adopts a method of combining group lectures with group discussions. In connection with the current situation, the discussion was very warm. At that time, there were two completely opposing policies that determined the future and destiny of the country and the nation, one was the policy of the anti-Japanese national united front put forward by our party, which was the policy of saving the country. One is Chiang Kai-shek's stubborn policy of "foreign countries must first be at home," which is a policy of calamity for the country. These two completely opposing policies are the center of the political struggle throughout the country and are also the most heated issues discussed by the cadet corps. Although most of the cadets have been trained by the "One-Two-Nine" movement and have a high enthusiasm for resisting Japan and patriotism, there are also a few people who have a vague understanding of the "Theory of Internal and External Affairs" and have illusions about Chiang Kai-shek. In accordance with the arrangements made by the Eastern Working Committee, the party organizations have consciously guided everyone to deeply criticize the policy of "internal and external" calamity and the so-called "theory of long-term preparation," "the theory of only weapons," and the "theory of the seven-day subjugation of the country." Many comrades have proved with a great deal of facts: It is precisely because of the implementation of this policy of calamity to the country that Japanese imperialism has struck in, the northeast has fallen, north China is in danger, and the Chinese nation is in the autumn of life and death. It is the implementation of this policy that has led to the massacre of millions of people and the lives of the people in dire straits; It was precisely because of the implementation of this policy that the anti-Japanese patriotic movement was brutally suppressed, patriotic and guilty, anti-Japanese imprisonment, secret agents ran rampant, people's lives were squandered, and democracy was freely wiped out! Some comrades burst into tears when they spoke, which was very touching. Through this period of political study and discussion, the political and ideological consciousness of the trainees has been markedly enhanced, and their confidence and determination to unite against Japan have become firmer.
What needs to be pointed out in particular is that Comrade Mao Zedong attached great importance to the Northeast Military Cadet Corps and was particularly concerned about political education. On December 5, 1936, Comrade Mao Zedong sent a telegram to Liu Ding. There is a paragraph dedicated to the political study of the cadet corps, the original text is: "The teaching materials of the student corps can be compiled by Li Zhi, and the instructors will be taken on by Nan and Bo to find sympathizers in Pingjin" (Note: Li Zhi is Zhu Lizhi, Nan Guide Han Chen, and Bo refers to Liu Lanbo).
In addition to intense military training and political study, the student corps' cultural and propaganda activities are also very active and outstanding. Under the leadership of the party organization, the "club" was used as an open organization and various forms to carry out anti-Japanese propaganda activities. For example, publishing posters, writing songs, scripts, organizing singing teams, harmonica teams, drama groups, and basketball teams to teach and sing anti-Japanese and rescue songs, revolutionary songs, and so on. In the club activities, Wang Lin, Liang Yan, Li Wei, Xu Ruilin, etc. are all active players. The songs often sung by the cadets are: "March of the Volunteer Army", "March of the Great Knife", "March of salvation", "Flowers of May", "Singer of the Masses", "Defense of Madrid" and so on. In particular, it is worth mentioning that the "Cadet Team Song", which is the most popular song of the cadet corps, was composed by the cadet Wang Lin and composed by Liang Yan. "Chinese Don't Fight Chinese" was written by Wang Lin and composed by Xu Ruilin, and later became popular throughout the country.
The lyrics of "Cadet Team Song" are:
We are a bunch of tramps, we're a bunch of patriotic criminals,
Hometown, hometown, a fertile hometown, has long become a slaughterhouse for Wokou. Freedom, freedom, the freedom to save the living, has been deprived of nothing.
Behold, the anger of the whole country has reached a boiling point, and the wave of liberation in the whole world is raging.
Students, we must set off the storm of resistance against Japan, and we must stand in front of the tide of the world.
Come on! Bravely rush forward!
kill!
The lyrics of "Chinese Don't Fight Chinese" are:
Chinese don't fight Chinese,
Chinese don't fight Chinese.
Let's not be a pioneer for Japan,
We will fight for national liberation.
Wokou slaughtered my northeastern father,
And they came in and ravaged our forty million compatriots.
Listen! My parents and brothers cried in their hometown, and the heroic anti-Japanese fighters roared everywhere.
Let's stop torturing ourselves and teaching our enemies to laugh and play tricks. Brothers, Chinese don't fight Chinese, join hands and fight back to your hometown!
Join hands and fight back to your hometown!
(This song was included in the first episode of the "Anthology of Songs of the War of Resistance Against Japan" published after liberation.)
These songs reflect the strong desire of the people of the whole country to resist Japan and save their lives, sing the voice of the vast number of officers and men of the Northeast Army, and inspire people's anti-Japanese fighting spirit and determination. The cadet corps not only sang and sang from the top of the Dongcheng City Gate, but also sang while walking whenever the fully paid armed forces marched in the city or conducted field exercises, which also had a considerable impact on the Northeast Army, the Seventeenth Route Army, and the people of Xi'an.
The drama group has performed several times. The stage is built with a bed board. The audience sat on the brick floor. The dramas performed include "The Mother of China," "The Song of Rejuvenation," "Suzhou Night Talk," "Horn," "Oppression," and "Fight Back to My Hometown." The script of "Fight Back to My Hometown" was written by Wang Lin and has been performed three times in a row. The first performance received a strong effect. The audience burst into tears and could not cry. A soldier of the second battalion of guards, crying loudly, was helped out of the meeting. The soldiers of the Second Battalion watched the play and demanded to go back to their hometowns and refused to fight a civil war.
Each company published posters and published many short, concise articles written by the trainees to propagate the anti-Japanese resistance and express their thoughts. Wang Lin translated the 1936 conversation between Comrade Mao Zedong and Snow on the Sino-Japanese War published in the English "Miller's Review" published in Shanghai into Chinese, which was first published in a wall newspaper edited by a company. It has a great impact on everyone.
On the fifth anniversary of the 14th "9th and 18th," the cadet corps held a grand commemorative meeting. At the shooting range in the southeast corner of the city, a banner designed by Zhang Gang symbolized the pattern of the White Mountain and Black Water Orchid was hung on the front of the venue, and all the trainees faced the northeast, and the atmosphere of the venue was solemn and solemn. Liu Lanbo, secretary of the Eastern Working Committee, spoke. He said: It has been five years since the Northeast Army went into exile in Guannei, and we should not forget that there are still thirty million fathers, elderly brothers, and sisters living a miserable life in their hometown under the iron heel of Japanese imperialism. We must strive to stop the civil war, unite to resist Japan, and fight back to our hometown. He urged everyone to study military politics diligently, strictly abide by discipline, and contribute all their strength to defeating Japanese imperialism and restoring their homeland. His speech, impassioned, resonated strongly with those present. Miao Buran and Song Li, members of the Eastern Working Committee, and Sun Mingjiu, commander of the Second Guard Battalion, also attended the meeting. Han Tao spoke on behalf of the cadet corps. The conference ended with the singing of "Commemorating the Ninth and Eighteenth Anniversaries" singing. The lyrics are: "Nine, one eight" The blood stains have not dried, the mountains and rivers of the three eastern provinces have not been returned, the sea can dry up, the stones can rot, the national shame has not snowed for a day, and the national responsibility has not been completed.
On October 19, Mr. Lu Xun, the great standard-bearer, great thinker, and revolutionary of the Chinese cultural revolution, passed away. A few days later, the cadets held a solemn memorial meeting. The meeting was presided over by Zhang Gui, a member of the cadet corps, and Wang Yang, a student soldier, spoke on behalf of the cadets. He said that we must learn from Lu Xun's unswerving revolutionary spirit and wage unremitting struggle to resist Japan and save the people. Representatives of squads, platoons, and even military cadres also spoke. In his speech, Jia Fenglin, a platoon leader, recounted his suffering experience of being exiled to the landless land, and shouted loudly: "We are going to lay down the East City Gate Tower and go to the front line of resisting Japan and saving the dead!" All the personnel in the audience were moved.
In mid-November, the Japanese puppet army invaded Suiyuan, and a huge campaign of aid to Suiyuan was launched throughout the country. Under the leadership of the party's organization, the cadet corps also launched a campaign to aid Sui and organized report meetings and seminars. At the discussion meeting, Wang Xiping put forward the request to go directly to Suiyuan to participate in the War of Resistance, Wang Yuanyin put forward the opinion of going to Suidong and northwestern Jin to do mass work in the battlefield, and some people also put forward the opinion that the Northeast Army should go to Suiyuan on a false road to Shanxi to participate in the War of Resistance. Whether these opinions were feasible or not at the time, everyone was really enthusiastic and indignant at Chiang Kai-shek's policy of civil war. Everyone believed that to save the nation from peril, we should not talk about resisting Japan, and we should support Suiyuan's War of Resistance with practical actions, so they sent a delegation composed of Shang Xiaofei and others to petition Zhang Xueliang for assistance. The trainees also spontaneously organized a collective hunger strike and donated the front line with food expenses, expressing their unswerving determination. The party organization believed that the enthusiasm of the cadets for resisting Japan was extremely valuable, but they could not adopt the method of hunger strike, patiently advised the family to eat, and promised to convey everyone's demands to Zhang Xueliang. At noon on the third day, General Zhang Xueliang received all the members of the team at the battalion headquarters of the Jinjia lane guard and made an extremely frank and sincere speech. He first praised everyone for their concern for the current situation. He went on to say that he was under pressure on him with a vendetta against the country and a family vendetta, and his mood of demanding resistance to Japan was the same as that of everyone else, but the anti-Japanese resistance could not rely only on the courage of a momentary blood, but must be made concerted efforts by the whole country in order to drive the Japanese out of China. If domestic problems are not resolved and opinions are not unanimous, it is impossible to resist Japan. Finally, I would like to say that you do not yet understand many real situations, and it is not convenient for me to explain them to you now, and I hope that everyone will believe me and that I will soon promote a unanimous resistance to Japan. I will never renege on my word before you. This petition for aid played a certain role in General Zhang Xueliang's determination to force Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan.
On 9 December, more than 15,000 students in Xi'an City, under the organization and leadership of the "Northeast People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Association," the "Northwest Federation for the Salvation of the Nation," and the Xi'an Students' Federation, braved the cold wind to hold a huge march and petition campaign to commemorate the first anniversary of the "12th and 9th" uprisings. Although the cadets did not participate in the parade, they sent representatives to contact them secretly. During the march, the secret police shot and injured a twelve-year-old elementary school student at Jingcun Elementary School. The masses were furious and decided to go to Lintong to petition Chiang Kai-shek, who had come to Xi'an to direct the "suppression of bandits," demanding that the murderers be severely punished, that the civil war be stopped, and that the resistance to Japan be united. When Chiang Kai-shek learned of this news, he immediately sent a telegram ordering Zhang Xueliang to send troops to stop it, and if he did not heed the dissuasion, he would "shoot and kill." After answering the phone, Zhang Xueliang chased him by car to Shilipu, and he excitedly said to the wandering masses: "I stand on the same front with you, and your demands are also my demands, and perhaps my demands are even more urgent than yours." Go back now, and on your behalf I will convey your request to the Chairman. In a week, I will surely answer you with facts. "The students returned in the whole team. On this day, the cadets were all armed to fight in the wild at the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and when they passed through the city, they sang salvation songs to echo the marching masses. In the afternoon, on the way back, I heard that a primary school student had been shot and injured by the police, and the crowd was full of emotion and indignation. After arriving at the East City Gate Tower, Captain Kang ordered a column ceremony to be held in protest. On the evening of the same day, a meeting was held to commemorate the first anniversary of the "_2nd and 9th" movement, at which there were reports, dramas, professional chants, poetry recitations, and other programs, and the atmosphere was very warm, expressing the determination of the cadets to resist Japan.
This group of anti-Japanese patriotic young people gathered at the Gate of Xi'an East City earlier attracted the attention of Kuomintang agents and was called the "Red Base Camp." They sent spies disguised as coachmen and peddlers to patrol day and night to keep an eye on them.
4. The cadet corps at the time of the Xi'an Incident
The Xi'an incident, which shocked China and foreign countries, was caused by General Zhang Xueliang and General Yang Hucheng who repeatedly advised Chiang Kai-shek to abandon the policy of "keeping the inside and outside the country" and put forward the demand for unanimous resistance to Japan, but he was severely reprimanded. In the end, Chiang Kai-shek held a showdown and proposed that either the "suppression of the Communists" or the transfer of the Northeast Army to Fujian and the transfer of the Seventeenth Route Army to Anhui with a three-day reply was absolutely unacceptable to Zhang and Yang, so they forced Zhang and Yang to launch a military operation to force Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan in the early morning of December 12, 1936. The outbreak and peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident was a turning point in China's modern history, forcing Chiang Kai-shek to accept the six-point proposal, which promoted the establishment of the anti-Japanese national united front, promoted the second Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, and realized the all-people War of Resistance.
The cadets were witnesses and participants of the Xi'an Incident, and in the course of the tortuous struggle for the peaceful settlement of the An Incident, they were educated and tempered in the most profound and practical aspects of the party's united front policy. After the commemoration of the first anniversary of the "12th and 9th" movements, the Second Battalion of the Guards had another task, asking the cadets to "defend themselves." On December 11, each company was given a hundred rounds of ammunition, grenades, and machine guns, and on the twelfth day, they were urgently assembled before the morning of the twelfth day, and the first and fourth companies were arranged on the eastern city wall in a line of scattered troops, and a single bunker was built in the city. Later, he was ordered to shoot if he saw the gendarmes approaching me. Everyone waited. Before dawn, there was a fierce burst of gunfire in the city, which soon stopped, and there seemed to be no particularly fierce fighting. What happened? Everyone is guessing. At about eight o'clock in the morning, several trucks came from Xiaodongmen, and soldiers from the second battalion were seated, saying that Chiang Kai-shek had been detained, and the students immediately boiled over. Slogans such as "Down with Chiang Kai-shek," "Down with Japanese imperialism," and "Salute to the fighters of the Second Battalion" drowned out everything. Then everyone discussed: What should I do with Chiang Kai-shek? The overwhelming majority advocate a public trial of Chiang Kai-shek and the shooting of Chiang Kai-shek, while a small number of people say that in order to unite against Japan, they cannot be killed. Immediately, outside the "Xijingmin Bao", it published the news that Zhang and Yang had carried out "military advice" against Chiang Kai-shek, and announced Zhang and Yang's eight-point proposals. In the morning, news of victory kept coming: Chiang Kai-shek had been sent to Xincheng, the Seventeenth Route Army had detained all of Chiang Kai-shek's dozens of senior generals at the Xijing Guest House, dozens of Kuomintang planes and flight personnel had all been detained, the Xi'an police brigade and the gendarmerie regiment had all been disarmed, the Kuomintang provincial party headquarters had been raided, and everyone was once again jubilant. At two o'clock in the afternoon, Sun Mingjiu came to make a report, and after he introduced the experience of capturing Chiang Kai-shek alive, he solemnly announced: The training life of the cadet corps is coming to an end, and all the members of the team are immediately ready to accept the new task, and everyone applauds warmly. On this evening, the cadets also asked Xin Deyi, Chen Zhixiao, and Zhang Huadong, who had participated in Lintong's arrest of Jiang, to give a detailed account of the process of capturing Jiang and killing Jiang Xiaoxian, the executioner who killed the patriotic youth in Peiping and the former head of the third regiment of the gendarmerie, and Jiang Xiaoxian, the current military attaché of Jiang Jieshi. December 12, which is of great historical significance, was spent in this atmosphere of excitement and joy. On the second day of the Xi'an Incident, all the team members accepted the assigned task. Some go to receive radio stations, newspapers, post and telecommunications offices; Some sent to the Military Police Inspectorate to check the Kuomintang Special Movement Brigade and the fleeing gendarmes; Some went to receive the archives of the Kuomintang; Some went to take care of detained senior Kuomintang generals and detained aircraft and flight personnel; Some coordinated with the city gates in Xi'an to stand guard and check for suspicious pedestrians. Many students went to the streets and schools to publicize Zhang and Yang's "Eight-Point Proposal." The cadets also organized a choir to go to the radio station to play anti-Japanese songs to save the dead. Li Wei, Liang Yan, Yi Hong, Wang Suipeng, Cheng Mu, Sun Yiren, Liu Jie, and others participated in the "One Two, One Two" Drama Troupe headed by Zhang Hanhui. During the performance of "On the Crater" written by Wang Lin, international friends Ms. Smedley and British journalist Bettelheim also came to watch it for 20 years and warmly applauded with the audience. Bettelheim also went backstage to access actors and playwrights. The play "On the Crater" was published in 1952 by The Tenjin Knowledge Bookstore. Under the eastern city wall of Xi'an, there is a compound called the New House for Civilians, which is a prisoner's shelter for the Central Army, where more than 400 displaced people and women and children of the Red Army's Western Road Army were imprisoned. He Weizhi, Wang Jianzhong, Gu Xiaobo, and other students, in coordination with the Second Battalion of the Guards, released them and conveyed to them the situation before and after the Xi'an Incident and the news that the Red Army had joined forces with the Northeast Army and the Northwest Army to resist Japan, and announced that they had been freed. Wang Ping, Yin Xianbing, Wei Yuanyun, Guo Gentang, and Huang Shengke immediately joined the cadet corps and were incorporated into the three companies. More than thirty teenagers formed a small propaganda team to carry out propaganda performances, and other comrades and their families were later sent back to northern Shaanxi by the "Eastern Rescue." These activities of the cadet corps have played an important role in publicizing Zhang and Yang's "Eight-Point Proposal" and in encouraging people, maintaining public order, checking out the bad guys, and defending the fruits of victory. The outbreak of the Xi'an Incident caused tremendous repercussions at home and abroad, creating an extremely tense and complicated situation. On the Nanjing side, the pro-Japanese faction headed by He Yingqin strongly advocated a crusade against Zhang and Yang, and on the afternoon of the twelfth day, Nanjing sent thirty planes to fly over Xi'an, both as a demonstration and as an attempt to put Chiang Kai-shek to death and replace him. The pro-Anglo-American faction, led by Soong Zi-wen and Soong Mei-ling, opposed the crusade and vigorously advocated the peaceful use of methods to rescue Chiang Kai-shek. The differences within the Kuomintang actually reflect the contradiction between British and American imperialism and Japanese imperialism in competing for interests in China. On the Xi'an side, Zhang and Yang united to resist Japan and forced Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan, but their subordinates and people from all walks of life did not have the same understanding. On December 16, He Yingqin ordered a "crusade," and hundreds of thousands of troops marched into Tongguan and sent planes to bomb the Weinan and Chishui stations, and the situation suddenly became tense. Faced with this complicated situation, Chairman Mao of the CPC Central Committee had a far-sighted vision, looked at the overall situation, and put forward the policy of peacefully resolving the Xi'an incident. On the evening of the sixteenth day, the CPC deputies headed by Comrade Zhou Enlai arrived in Xi'an, immediately began intense work, held talks with Zhang Yang, and reached a consensus on the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an incident. At that time, the underground party comrades working in Xi'an lacked ideological preparation for the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an incident, and their understanding was not consistent. Zhou Enlai personally talked to underground party comrades, conveyed the instructions of the central authorities, jointly analyzed the situation, and unified ideological understanding. Comrade Zhou Enlai made a two-hour discussion with Song Li of the Eastern Working Committee and Xie Hua, a special branch of the Northwest China, conveying and explaining the party Central Committee's needle on the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an incident, expounding the principle that ethnic contradictions have risen to the main contradiction and that class contradictions should be subordinated to national contradictions, and demanding that the comrades of the underground party go all out to peacefully resolve the Xi'an incident, and that all comrades working in the Northeast Army and the Northwest Army must persuade the masses at their respective posts to make contributions to the peaceful settlement of the Western Incident. Most of the comrades in the cadet corps lacked understanding of the peaceful settlement of xi'an 22 changes, and their thinking was rather confused, so they sent personnel to Lintong to accept Chiang Kai-shek's radio station, set up a "lightning club" on their own, and sent news to foreign countries from an ultra-left point of view, which aroused serious concern from Comrade Zhou Enlai and instructed Song Li to find out and stop it. Song Li conveyed to the party organization of the cadet corps the instructions of the party Central Committee and Comrade Zhou Enlai on the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an issue, and asked Comrade Bogu to make a report to more than thirty leading cadres with party membership in the Northeast Army and expound the relationship between class contradictions and ethnic contradictions. Among them, there are more than twenty backbone party members in the cadet corps. After listening to the transmission, the party members of the cadet corps began to realize that the central authorities' policy was completely correct after studying and discussing it. The contradiction between China and Japanese imperialism is now the main contradiction, the domestic class contradiction is reduced to a secondary contradiction, and the class struggle must be subordinated to the national struggle. Chiang Kai-shek represents the interests of the big landlords and big bourgeoisie, but he is closer to Anglo-American imperialism, and there is a contradiction between Britain and the United States and Japan's interests in China, and the possibility of Chiang Kai-shek resisting Japan exists. Although Chiang Kai-shek was detained during the Xi'an Incident, his military strength was not lost, and if Chiang Kai-shek was killed, it would not only fail to stop the civil war, but would cause He Yingqin and other pro-Japanese factions to use the Nanjing ruling apparatus to launch a greater civil war. Therefore, we should unite with the Left, win over the centrists, oppose the pro-Japanese factions, force Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan, and as long as Chiang Kai-shek stops the civil war and agrees to resist Japan, we can release him back. This is the overall situation of the whole country and the fundamental interests of the proletariat, and no matter what complicated situation we encounter, we must firmly grasp this overall situation. Everyone's understanding was enhanced, their thinking was unified, and they went all out to implement the instructions of the central authorities at their respective posts, and the Xi'an Incident was finally resolved peacefully with the arduous and outstanding efforts of Zhou Enlai and other comrades, thus opening up a new situation for the Chinese revolution.
5. Anti-Japanese Propaganda Brigade
On 14 December, the Xi'an side officially announced the abolition of the headquarters of the "suppression of bandits" in the northwest, the suspension of all work of "suppressing the communists," and the establishment of the Provisional Military Committee for the Anti-Japanese Coalition Army in the North and The Military Commission, with Ying Detian as its director. Within the Political Department, there are sections for organization, propaganda, democracy movement and general affairs. Comrade Luo Ruiqing assumed the pseudonym Luo Guguang as the chief of the democratic movement section of the Political Department. At that time, the political training personnel sent by the Kuomintang to the Northeast Army had been detained, and the Political Department decided to organize an anti-Japanese propaganda brigade to replace the Kuomintang political training personnel. The army has a large unit, the division has a squadron, and the regiment has a propagandist. Most of the cadets were assigned to the anti-Japanese propaganda brigade and formed into five brigades. He Weizhi, Zhao Tianye, Wang Jianzhong, Hou Xiaolan, and Li Zhengnan were appointed as the leaders of the brigade and also served as secretaries of the general branch of the party. The division has set up party branches, and the secretaries of each division branch include Fang Huide, Qu Hexian Dingguang, Ning Fengqi, Wang Kekui, Wang Yuanyin, Wu Shan, and other comrades. Members of the propaganda team all wear military uniforms, armed belts, purple-rimmed badges, and no officer rank. The Main Tasks of the Propaganda Brigade Are: Propagating the Significance of the "Xi'an Incident" and Zhang and Yang's "Eight-Point Proposal," Propagating the "Trinity" and the Anti-Japanese National United Front, and Propagating the Principle of Peacefully Resolving the "Xi'an Incident, and So On" Before the propaganda team set out, Luo Ruiqing made a report on "How to Do Political Propaganda Work," listing some examples of the Red Army's political work, which greatly educated and enlightened everyone. The propaganda brigade's work focused on first enlisting middle- and upper-level officers in order to facilitate further penetration into the troops. There are many kinds of propaganda methods, such as talking with officers at all levels, making friends, using the opportunity of visiting the troops to give lectures and propaganda, organizing companies to write slogans, distributing leaflets, publishing posters, helping soldiers write family letters, and teaching officers and men to sing songs of resisting Japan and saving the dead. Some also propagated anti-Japanese propaganda to the masses in the nearby countryside. The vast number of officers and men of the Northeast Army saw that these young propagandists were completely different from the Kuomintang faction's political training personnel, had no shelf, and could speak from the heart, so they generally welcomed them.
After the "Xi'an Incident," Zhang Xueliang decided to establish a new army called the Anti-Japanese Vanguard Corps. It is equivalent to the establishment of a division. Sun Mingjiu served as the commander of the general department, Zhao Longtao as chief of staff, and Chen Zaili as director of the political department. There are three detachments under it, which are equivalent to regiments. Some of the trainees were assigned to work in the anti-Japanese vanguard. Some comrades have held posts such as directors of the political departments and political instructors of the detachments. At that time, Zhang Xueliang also merged the three guard battalions to form a special task force regiment, with Sun Mingjiu as the regimental commander, and a small number of cadets were assigned to work in this regiment.
Although the propaganda brigade did not last long in the army, it did a great deal of political propaganda work, and our party's idea of peacefully resolving the Xi'an incident and stopping the civil war and unanimously resisting Japan was widely disseminated among the officers and men of the Northeast Army.
6. Youth training courses
General Zhang Xueliang, in accordance with the policy of peacefully settling the Xi'an Incident, credulously believed that Chiang Kai-shek had verbally accepted the six conditions, and personally sent Chiang Kai-shek back to Nanjing on the afternoon of December 25. Chiang Kai-shek betrayed his faith, tried and detained Zhang Xueliang, and mobilized a large army to advance toward Shaanxi, which caused great shock to the Seventeenth Route Army of the Northeast Army and people from all walks of life in Xi'an. At that time, Xi'an was on the side
The most crucial issue is the strengthening of internal solidarity. However, a small number of extremists in the young and strong faction of the Northeast Army, regardless of the overall situation and the safety of the overall situation, did not abide by the tripartite resolution, and on February 2, 1937, they killed General Wang Yizhe, causing the internal division of the Northeast Army and causing a sharp turn for the situation. Comrade Liu Lanbo, who was in Xi'an at the time, reflected this situation to Comrade Zhou Enlai, who was passing through the Red Army headquarters at the front line of the Red Army, and Comrade Zhou Enlai relayed this situation to the red army headquarters on the front line and persuaded everyone to return to work in the Northeast Army. Comrade Yang Shangkun personally came to do the work of persuasion, and he pointed out: Under the current circumstances, it is very difficult for us to send people to work in the Northeast Army, and you have worked in the Northeast Army for a certain period of time, and you already have a certain foundation, and the party wants you to return to work in the Northeast Army. Therefore, everyone left Yunyang Town and waded through Chunhua, Jiaoyi, and over the mountains to reach Yingzhou, where the headquarters of the coalition forces was located. In order to preserve this progressive force, Song Li, who had first arrived in Yingzhou, issued a declaration to the generals of various armies and divisions of the Northeast Army in the name of the "Eastern Salvation Association," urging Chen Xuebing to be a disciple of his hometown in northeast China and an anti-Japanese student trained by General Zhang Xueliang It is the background and reason for the establishment of the youth training course. After the establishment of the youth training class, the Eastern Working Committee took into account that after the Xi'an Incident, the party organization had undergone several changes, the original organizational system had been disrupted, and there were many horizontal relations, which needed to be readjusted; In view of the fact that most party members have not recently joined the party and lack understanding of the party's basic knowledge, some party members have confused their thinking and their organizational discipline has also appeared to be sloppy under the surprise attack of the "Second Two" incident. Coupled with the fact that at that time, the white fear cloth had a tendency to make a comeback, and the Party's activities should be more alert and hidden; Therefore, it was decided to carry out a political, ideological, and organizational rectification. First of all, a general party branch was established, with Li Zhen as secretary of the general branch, Ren Zhiyuan as deputy secretary, and Zhao Tianye, Zheng Lijian, and Zhang Gang as committee members. There are seven branches under the general branch (including an officers' branch) with comrades Wang Xiping, He Tianpeng, Li Du, Wang Yang, Xu Jian, and other comrades as branch secretaries. At the same time, we will educate Party members on the situation and tasks, and organize Party members to "Learn the Infantile Disease of the Leftists" and "The State and revolution."
"Two Strategies" and the head of the Central Organization Department on the issue of party building
Speeches and other documents (these documents were secretly printed by the Xijing Minbao after the Xi'an Incident, and some were mimeographed at that time). In the course of organizational rectification, Zhang Mian, the former branch secretary who had absconded with party fees, was expelled from the party and given warnings to two leading cadres who had seriously violated organizational discipline. As a result of this rectification, party members' understanding of Marxism-Leninism has been enhanced, the party's democratic centralism and party discipline have been strengthened, some erroneous ideological tendencies have been corrected, and the party's role as a fighting fortress has been enhanced. Many comrades said that this was a profound education in party spirit that they had received since joining the party. During this period, a number of Party members were also developed. At that time, a "club" was also set up in the youth training class, and the standing committee of the "club" was organized and elected, and comrades such as Wang Jianzhong, Luo Libin, and Shang Xiaofei nominated by the party organization were elected as members of the Standing Committee. In order to strengthen the party's leadership over the club, under the leadership of the party's general branch, a club party group (party group) was established, with Comrade Yuan Xinchun as the secretary of the party group, and the members of the party group included Zhang Gang, Shang Xiaofei, Luo Libin and other comrades. The club often organizes students to study political theory, go to the countryside to conduct social investigations and anti-Japanese propaganda, and carry out anti-Japanese literary and artistic propaganda activities, such as publishing posters, singing salvation songs, and performing dramas. Political instructors Kong Shudong and Li Mengling also continued to teach "Mass Philosophy," "Political Economy," and "Modern Chinese History" to all the team members, which was of great help to raising the students' level of political theory.
7. Officers sent to the second team
When the Xi'an Incident was resolved peacefully, the Northeast Army, the Seventeenth Route Army, and the Red Army accepted Chiang Kai-shek's proposal, that is, the Northeast Army was stationed in Gansu and the first line of the Sealand Highway west of Yingzhou in Shaanxi, the Seventeenth Route Army was stationed in the area north of Jingwei, the Red Army was still returning to northern Shaanxi, and Chiang Kai-shek's army was stationed in Xi'an. Although this was far inferior to the excellent situation of the "trinity" formed by the Xi'an incident, under the circumstances at that time, as long as the three parties were united, the situation of joint resistance against Japan could still be preserved. However, Chiang Kai-shek adopted the means of differentiation and co-optation, took advantage of the "second and second" incidents, and vigorously undermined the "trinity," and some senior generals of the Northeast Army instead accepted the B case, that is, the "trinity" of the Northeast Army's relocation to the Huai River Valley in Anhui was thus destroyed. In mid-March 1937, the Northeast Army successively opened to the east, and the youth training class also went east with the army, and after arriving in Xianyang, in order to avoid persecution by the Kuomintang, it was reorganized into the second contingent of officers, and a small number of people were sent to Bengbu and were incorporated into the first detachment. At this time, the Eastern Work Committee had already decided to reorganize, liu Lanbo and Song Li's identities had been exposed, and they were transferred to the Northeast Special Committee of the Northern Bureau, and the Eastern Work Committee was reorganized into Xiang Naiguang (who later defected and became an agent of the military command), Gao Jinming, and all of whom accompanied the army to Bengbu, Anhui. The second team was sent to Anhui in April and lived in Pulhe Town, Huaiyuan County. After Li Zhen, secretary of the general branch, was transferred away, Ren Zhiyuan was appointed secretary of the general branch, and there was no change in the subordinate branches of the general branch. However, the party still persists in leading and organizing the whole team, using the club as an open organization, organizing book clubs, conducting theoretical exercises, and actively carrying out anti-propaganda and encouraging everyone's revolutionary fighting spirit by means of posters, singing songs, and dramas. At that time, there was a school and normal school in Huaiyuan County, and the members of the party organization held several joint viewing meetings with middle school students and performed some programs with anti-Japanese content, which played a certain role among the students. At this time, a number of party members were developed.
In mid-May, Xing Ying drowned while swimming in the Huai River. He was one of the younger middle-aged soldiers in the cadet corps, active and active in peacetime, and had a strong will to resist Japan. ZhuangZhi died before he was paid, causing deep sorrow among everyone The party organized a memorial meeting with political content, the venue was solemn and solemn, and all classes were sent to tie the knots. When Shang Xiaofei delivered a eulogy, the whole audience was paralyzed. Wang Jianzhong wrote the seven-sentence sentence of "Crying Xing Ying": "Lost land, the dead family has a lot of resentment, please have no way to help!" The east stream of Huai Shui is full of tears, and Qu Zi sends the wind and the waves to pass away. "It expresses everyone's sadness and indignation. At the meeting, a kuomintang agent was also impressed, and he wept bitterly and confessed his past, believing that everyone was sincerely resisting Japan and that he was willing to resist Japan together. After the forced mourning service, the whole team held a coffin-carrying procession, and in the song "Flowers in May", Xing Ying was buried at the foot of TuShan Mountain, which was full of pomegranate flowers. Newspapers in Shanghai, Beiping, and Tianjin reported on the memorial service, which aroused great sympathy among the masses, but also exposed the political features of the second detachment and attracted the attention of the Kuomintang reactionaries.
In May 1937, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the disbandment of the Second Detachment, and the Northeast Army Cadet Corps was established in September 1936 and reorganized for ten months, thus ending.
VIII. Where the cadets are
The cadet corps was established at a major historical turning point in the Chinese revolution and was cultivated into a strong revolutionary contingent under the leadership of the party. It is not only the backbone of the transformation of the Northeast Army, but also developed and expanded the party organization in the course of struggle. After being disbanded, although the personnel were dispersed, the revolutionary will did not waver, and on all fronts, they made positive contributions to the party's cause.
The whereabouts of the cadet corps can be roughly divided into three aspects.
The first is to go to Yan'an. After the sudden occurrence of the "Second and Second" incidents, some of the comrades sent to the Northeast Army to do propaganda work went to Yan'an for various reasons, and about thirty or forty people went to Yan'an. After the second team of the Huaiyuan detachment was disbanded, Ling Wang (Lin Shanfu), Yang Tian, and others were introduced to Yan'an by the party organization.
Second, about a hundred people were assigned to work in the Northeast Army. Due to the dispersion of troops, the working committees of the various military divisions of the Northeast Army were respectively led by the central bureaus, sub-bureaus, and provincial party committees where they were located, and those who had previously held leading posts in the various armies and divisional work committees of the Northeast Army were replaced. Yang Xiguang, secretary of the Forty-Ninth Military Industry Committee, and Xie Miping and Zhao Tianye, members of the Committee. Wang Xiping, secretary of the Fifty-first Military Industrial Committee, and Xu Lin, member of the Committee. Guo Feng and Zhang Gui, members of the Fifty-third Military Work Committee. Li Zhen, secretary of the Sixty-Seventh Military Work Committee, and members Feng Qixian and Wang Kegong. Ren Zhiyuan, Zheng Lijian, Xie Dongping, Du, and Ding Yan successively worked in the army. Gu Mu first went to the Sixty-seventh Army, and then to the Fifty-seventh Army. Cao Jianhua, secretary of the Fifty-ninth Military Work Committee, was immediately changed to two divisional work committees. The secretary of the Working Committee of the Hundred and Twelfth Division was first Wu Shan, and then Gu Mu. The members of the committee include Qu Jingjing, Guo Jun, and so on. Zhang Suping, secretary of the Working Committee of the 11th Division, and Cao Jianhua and Wang Zhenqian, members of the committee. The cavalry army established a party branch, and Xu Guangting served as the secretary of the branch. Other comrades worked in divisions, regiments, battalions, and branches, or in the party's transportation work. Under the cover of their open identities as ordinary officers or soldiers, they all carried out arduous and dangerous secret work and developed a number of party members. It was not until 1940 that they were withdrawn one after another according to the instructions of the Party Central Committee.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Northeast Army took part in major battles such as the Shanghai and Taierzhuang Huaihe River and some medium- and small-scale battles, and displayed the spirit of being heroic, indomitable, and not afraid of sacrifice.
The third is to be assigned to work in various parts of North China. When the detachment was demobilized in Huaiyuan, the Northern Bureau sent Song Li to Huaiyuan to arrange for the members of the team to go to the War of Resistance against North China at that time, and there was a trend of imminent attack, and a number of cadres were urgently needed. Except for the members of the northeast army who had the conditions to stay in the northeast army, the rest were transferred back to Beiping Before and after the "seventh and seventh" incidents, and were successively assigned to all parts of north China, Wang Suren, Wang Shutian, Gao Yi, Feng Liangji, Yu Zhi, Bai Jie, and more than thirty other people to work in the Shanxi League; Zhang Huadong, Zhai Yafu, Chen Zhongyi, Chen Ming, Luo Ping, Jin Xuesong, Wu Cheng, Feng Kai, Liu Jingping, Fu Congmin, Hu Yi, Zhuang Yizun, Wang Wen, Huo Zhide, Huo Yan, Xie Fangping, Bao Qian, and more than 20 other people went to work in Suiyuan; Zhang Jialuo, Chen Linhu, Ding Guang, Wang Yang, Han Gofei, Tan Lingguang and more than a dozen other people went to Shandong to work; More than 20 people, including Wang Jianzhong, Zang Chaoying, Jin Zhenzhong, Yang Yaosheng, Shang Ying, Du Bohua, Wang Da, and Li Wangdong, went to Pingxi to work; Kang Hongtai, Zhang Fold, Wu Duo, Gao Fulai, Yi Hong, Sun Jing, Zou Baozhuo, Zhang Xiaochen, Wang Lei, Cheng Zhigang, Luo Tiejun, Liu Jie, and other shiyou worked in the three departments; There are still a small number of comrades who remain in Beiping to work.
The comrades of the cadet corps have continued to grow up under the leadership of the party and have played their due role in all posts, whether in the war-torn years or in the period of socialist revolution and construction. The glorious course of the comrades of the Northeast Military Cadet Corps will forever be recorded in the annals of history.
