Li Gonglin (1049-1106)
Famous painter of the Northern Song Dynasty. When the word Bo shi, the number of dragon sleep dwellers. Shu Prefecture (shuzhou) (present-day Shucheng, Anhui). Shenzong Xining entered the army for three years, joined the army in The Chronicle of Sizhou, and was recommended by Lu Tenant to be the governor of Zhongshu Menxia Province and the Imperial History Inspection Law.
Good ancient and erudite, good at poetry, good at identifying ancient artifacts. Especially famous for his paintings, all the figures, shidao, kurama, landscapes, flowers and birds, all of them are exquisite, and Shi Tui is "the first person in Song painting". Li Gonglin returned to Longmian Mountain Villa because of the wind paralysis, and composed his own "Mountain Villa Map", which is a treasure in the world. His surviving works include "Five Horse Diagrams" and "Vimal Diagrams".
The Song Dynasty was the highest peak of Chinese painting, and the establishment of the painting academy system opened a new climax of China's "scholar painting". As the "first song painting", Li Gonglin's reputation has become famous with his horses. This 21-year-old "strange master" in the painting world who was admitted to the academy has always maintained a strong creative force in his 31-year career. When editing the Xuanhe Pictorial Notation, there were 107 paintings by Li Gonglin in the court collection alone. Until his later years when he was sick in bed, Li Gonglin still painted on the quilt with his hands.
Li Gonglin is good at learning, taking the route of "tradition" and "creation" and "creation" at the same time, and especially "creation" is the most important. On the basis of his ancestral family's learning, he extensively studied the paintings of the previous painters Gu Kaizhi, Lu Tanwei, Wei Yan, Han Gan and others, and was able to "be better than blue out of blue", break through the shackles of his predecessors, and "learn Han Gan with great rate, slightly increase or decrease". In the end, Li Gonglin's painting skills were perfectly reflected in the horse.
Su Dongpo has clouds: "Longmian (Li Gonglin) has a thousand donkeys in his chest, not only painting flesh and bones." "The praise is Li Gonglin. Whether it is a wild horse running on the field, a tribute horse cramped in the stable, or a military horse that bravely kills the enemy on the battlefield and is not afraid of the danger ahead, li Gonglin's pen is shining. Li Gonglin's superb horse painting achievements come from the careful observation of life and the skillful exercise of skills. He likes to paint horses, and in addition to learning from tradition, he often goes to the "QiJiYuan" to observe the imperial horses, "all day long, until there is no time to talk with guests". Therefore, he not only knows the shape and posture of horses very well, but also is very familiar with the life habits of horses, so Li Gonglin was famous for drawing horses when he was young and was loved.
Crested
Brocade
Good head red
Shine in the night
Mankawa flowers
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Li Gonglin, "Five Horse Figures", 26.9×204.5cm
The Kolo edition is in the library of the Palace Museum in Beijing
This painting was treasured in the Qing Palace for more than 200 years, after the abdication of the last emperor Puyi, in the name of rewarding Pujie, it was smuggled out of the palace, which was the last three private collections in Tokyo, Japan, and disappeared after the war, and only the Colo edition remains in China
According to legend, once in the Qi Ji Courtyard, there were several BMWs from the Western Regions, all of which were healthy and upright, full of vitality. Emperor Huizong cherished good horses, so he ordered special people to raise them. Li Gonglin came here as always to paint horses, and when he saw the new Huma, he was excited, so he waved a large brush and painted the look of a good horse on the canvas. However, after the painting was completed, the horse died. People speculate that because Li Gonglin's horse is too realistic, the essence of the live horse is taken away. The news did not go away, and Li Gonglin's reputation became bigger and bigger. So that later, when the small official in charge of the imperial horse saw Li Gonglin, he was nervous, afraid that he would come to paint the horse, and then painted the horse to death. The petty official had no choice but to make up a speech to ridicule Li Gonglin: "You are so fascinated by horses, I am afraid that in the future you will also become a horse!" I advise you not to draw horses in the future. ”
In addition to painting, Li Gonglin was also an official. When Su Dongpo and Wang Anshi were in a party dispute, he was neither a new party nor an old party, but he was able to maintain good relations with Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian, which was really valuable. In the "Selected Poems of Su Shi", there are "Drama Book Li Boshi Painting Royal Horse Good Head Red" and "Ciyun Huang LuZhi Painting Horse Trial Courtyard Zhongzuo", "Shanxi war horses are hungry and meatless, and chew long sticks at night like chewing bamboo." The three troughs between the hooves are Xu Xing, and I do not believe that there are pit valleys in the Tianshan Mountains. It can be seen that the friendship between them has gone beyond ordinary official exchanges, but has become close friends. Not only that, but the inscriptions of the two can often be seen on Li Gonglin's paintings.
The "Five Horse Diagrams" is Li Gonglin's authentic handwriting, although there is no signature or imprint of his on this canvas, but it is guaranteed by the inscription and posthumous title of his friend Huang Tingjian. This painting was collected by the Inner Government during the Southern Song Dynasty; in the Yuan and Ming dynasties, it was collected by Ke Jiusi, Zhang Tingfa and others; during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, it was exiled to the Song family of Shangqiu in Henan; during the Qianlong Period, the "Five Horse Diagram" entered the Qing Palace; by the end of the Qing Dynasty, due to the turmoil of the times, the "Five Horse Diagram" quietly left its homeland and was scattered in Japan to this day.
Huang Tingjian's "Li Gonglin Five Horse Diagrams" Book on Paper 27×19.8cm
Interpretation: When Yu tasted the comments on Bo, the characters resembled those in the Southern Dynasty Zhu Xie, but the Chinese Dynasty scholar doctor sighed more when he was in the Tai Pavilion, only tired of good painting. Yu Zhizhi said: Bo Shi Qiu Zhongren, temporarily hot reputation, The Crown of The Coming, and the Special Ji Ji Ye. Don't draw on it. This horse donkey jun, quite similar to my friend Zhang Wen's latent pen power, Qu Tan's shadow reader also. Huang Luzhi book.
The Five Horse Diagram depicts five horses dedicated to the Song court by the Western Regions, namely the crested horse, the brocade, the good head red, the illuminated night white, and the Manchuan flower, each of which was pulled by Xi Guan. Three people dressed for the Western Regions, and two for the Han Chinese. The shape of the centaur is accurate, all are outlined in a single line, the lines are summarized and refined, smooth and subtle, the horse's spirit is brilliant, the characters are dressed differently, and the looks are different. As for the origin of the horse, the Song Shi Zhezong Ji has a brief record: "The three years of the Yuan Dynasty ... It is the year, Srivijaya, Khotan, and Southwest China to pay tribute." Among these three kingdoms, only Khotan produced flower horses, and the flower horse "Manchuan Flower" in the "Five Horse Map" came from here. Regrettably, Huang Tingjian wrote in the post-trek that when Li Gonglin completed the portrayal of "Manchuan Flower", the famous horse soon died again, "Gai Shenjun's essence, all taken away by Bo Shi's pen". Although this is a coincidence, it expresses Huang Tingjian's high evaluation of Li Gonglin's art.
Su Shi's 62-year-old book "Three Horse Tuzan" (fragment)
The first half has been lost
It is now in the Palace Museum
Explanation: Lower Ceremonial Department. Shi Shi was the emperor's uncle, and sentenced him to the cloud: the imperial court side was riding horses with dung, and was returning to sweat and blood, so what was it used for? It's time to go to bed. At that time, the military revolution was not used, the sea was well-off, the horses were not encountered, and the people were less peaceful. Shi Yu privately asked Li Gonglin to paint the shape of the three horses at that time, and made ghost Zhang Qingyi effective and hide it at home. On March 14, the fourth year of Shaosheng, Shi was in Huizhou, who lived in huizhou, read old calligraphy and paintings, and remembered the events of the moment, and sighed the god of the three horses, but praised it: Calling ghost zhang, the world is proud. Ben Yishi, go to the prostitute Yao. Now in the court, serving tiger sables. Serve the Heavenly Ji and establish the Inner Dynasty. Eight-foot dragon, god is super remote. If you will be west, Yan Kunyao. Emperor Nianmin is the next move. Returning to the clouds, the demon of the dead house.
There is also a story about the origin of another of the "Five Horses" in Khotanese, the "Crested Horse". In Su Dongpo's "Three Horses Tuzan", it is written that in the early years of the Yuan Dynasty (1086), Emperor Zhezong ordered the closure of the Yumen Pass and thanked the generals. Taishi Wen Yanbo, Prime Minister Lü Dafang, and Fan Chunren sent a crowd to visit. At the Xi River, the local ethnic minority officials took the initiative to ask for help, and the great leader of the Qiang Dynasty, Ghost Zhang Qingyi, was married. The battle achievements were great, so all the civil and military officials came to pay tribute, and sent emissaries to Yongyu Tomb to worship the former emperor. At this time, the Khotanese kingdom came to pay tribute to the BMW, the "crested horse". This horse is eight feet tall, with a dragon's head and a phoenix, and a tiger's ridge and leopard chapter. After entering the Heavenly Prison, the hyena roared and all the horses were screaming. The people of the capital had never seen such a strange horse, and they came to pay respects one after another, causing a momentary hilarity.
In the "Linwei Yan Grazing Map", Li Gonglin brilliantly depicted the horses grazing in the imperial court at that time. As a dynasty established by the nation on horseback, "the Tang people attached great importance to horse politics, and each garden was counted in millions, and the scene of grazing in the garden was written on the cover." This long scroll unfolds from right to left, and between the uneven slopes and the endless plains, the shepherds drive a large flock of horses, the horses are hissing and lively; after the middle section, the horses are scattered in groups, each moving, some bowing their heads, some playing, some drinking water, some running, different postures, full of fun. In the whole work, there are more than 1,200 horses in total, which are vivid and magnificent.
What is even more surprising is that Li Gonglin is good at white painting, and most of his works are directly drawn on paper, without color. The "Illumination of the Night White" in "Five Horse Diagrams" fully reflects the magic of his white painting method. The whole horse is represented by only a few lines, and the lines of the abdomen, back, buttocks and chest are thick and undulating according to the structure of the horse's body, round and elastic. The brushwork of the mane and ponytail is like flowing water and flowing water, which makes the horse's charm look very otherworldly.
Li Gonglin's "Linwei Yan Pastoral Map" is colored on silk
46.2×429 .8cm Collection of the Palace Museum