Roots in Gwangju, unforgettable nostalgia

Text: Chen Guotai

——Chen Yuanguang's geographical and folklore imprints in Guangzhou

Huangchuan County, Xinyang City, Henan Province, north of the Huai River, south of the Dabie Mountains, ancient guangguo, spring and autumn for the Huangguo, Tang Set Gwangju. In the first year of the Tang Dynasty, Gwangju ruled Dingcheng (present-day Huangchuan County), with jurisdiction over 5 counties: Dingcheng, Guangshan, Gushi, Yincheng, and Xianju. It is the ancestral land of the Chinese Huang surname and the Fuguang Chen clan, and is the hometown of Chen Yuanguang, the holy king of Kaizhang.

[Chen Yuanguang was an important pioneer and founder of the early history and culture of Fujian and Guangdong regions. Historical sources such as quan tang wen, Song Huijiao, Gwangju Zhi, and Yingchuan Kaizhang Chen Clan Ancient Genealogy record that Chen Yuanguang, Zi Tingju, Longhu, and Yiyang, Tangguang Prefecture (present-day Huangchuan County) were from Yiyang ( present-day Huangchuan County ) . In the thirteenth year, he was the first to receive the Gwangju Township Recommendation. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the "barbarians" roared in chaos between the spring tides in Lingnan Province, and Chen Yuanguang's father, General Chen Zheng, led the "Commander-in-Chief of the Lingnan Province March" to the south to quell the chaos, and was besieged by barbarians, Chen Zheng's brothers Chen Min and Chen Shi raised soldiers and civilians from Gwangju to support them, and Chen Yuanguang went south with him. Chen Zheng fell ill and died, and Chen Yuanguang inherited his father's position with the assistance of his grandmother Wei Jing, quelled the rebellion, and established Zhangzhou and the counties of Huai'en and Zhangpu. Chen Yuanguang's grandson was the sixth generation of the chief official of Zhangzhou, making the Fujian-Guangdong region a southern jin'ou. Chen Yuanguang's father and son spilled blood on the battlefield, full of loyal martyrs, six generations of shou Zhangzhou, Enze Lingnan, received more than twenty times of gifts from successive emperors, rare in history. 】

Chen Yuanguang and the 102 soldiers and civilians surnamed Gwangju, who belonged to Gwangju, fought and multiplied from Gwangju in the Central Plains to Lingnan, and inevitably left the historical imprint of their hometown of Gwangju. According to this line of thinking, I tried to explore some clues from the historical geography and folk customs of Henan and Fujian.

1. The remnants of Gwangju's historical place names in Lingnan

(1) The imprints of Fuguang Mountain and Yishan Mountain in Lingnan

Gwangju, ancient guangguo, got its name because there is a historical and cultural mountain in the territory, Fuguang Mountain (also known as Yishan Mountain and Pugong Mountain).

[Song "Road History, National Name Chronicle" Yun: "The Spring and Autumn Map has a kingdom of light, and now Gwangju is also.] Regarding the Floating Light Mountain, the Northern Wei Li Daoyuan "Water Sutra Notes" Huai Shui: "Huai Shui and the East Trail Floating Light Mountain North, also known as Fuguang Mountain, that is, Yiyang Mountain also." Famous jade and black stone, can be used as a pawn. Its mountains are permeated with long huai, and every time there is brilliance." In the seventeenth year of Qing Shunzhi, Meng Jun wrote the "Gwangju Chronicle Volume I · Youdi Kao "Shan Chuan": "Floating Light Mountain is a floating Yi (山), that is, Yiyang Mountain, the state name Yiyang County is here. Pugong Liandan's light floated in the sky, and Zhou Yi was named after it. Also known as Pugong Mountain, in the north of Guangshan County, eighty miles, overlooking the long quasi, every time there is a bright light, out of the min jade and black stone, can be a pawn. "The Four Libraries of the King's Republic of China, Shibu (Yongzheng) Henan Tongzhi, Volume VIII, Shan Chuanxia, Gwangju (Sun Hao, Gu Donggao) Floating Yi Mountain: "In the northern eighty miles of the state, on the banks of the Huai River, also known as Pugong Mountain." Pugong Liandan, the light floats in the sky, and the state and Yi are named after it. ”】

The Chen surname in Gwangju is said to be "Gwangju Chen" and "Floating Light Chen". Place names include Fuguang Mountain, Fuguang Mountain, Fushan Mountain, Guangshan Mountain, Yishan Mountain, Yiyang Mountain, and Pugong Mountain.

The Chen clan in the Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan regions has the "Kaizhang Shengwang Sect" Chen clan, and the Yingchuan Kaizhang Chen Clan Genealogy records that its ancestors are "Gwangju Family" and "Hereditary Gwangju", also known as Gwangju "Floating Light Chen Clan".

In present-day Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, there is Yishan Road, Yishan Street, Hui'an County has Fushan Village, Licheng District has Xingxian Street, and Zhangzhou Longhai City has Fugong Town and Fugong Bridge. Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province, has Fushan Town, Shantou City has Fushan Village, Guangzhou City has Fushan Village and Fushan Street, Dongguan City and Zhongshan City also have Fushan Village and Fushan Town, and Shenzhen City has Fushan Road.

In the Fujian-Guangdong region, "Yishan", "Yishan", "Fugong", "Fushan", "Fushan" are pronounced close to the pronunciation of "Yishan", "Floating Light", "Pugong" and "Floating Light Mountain" in Gwangju. Combined with the history of Chen Yuanguang's kaimin, there should be the possibility of being influenced by the central plains immigrants of the Tang Dynasty.

(2) Yu Minyue's memories of Longhu

Chen Yuanguang, Longhu. Huangchuan County, the ancient Guangguo and Huangguo ancient cities have longhu preserved to this day.

Today, Quanzhou City, Jinjiang City, Sanming City and Nanping City in Fujian Province all have Longhu District, Longhu Town, Longhu Temple, Longhu Street and Longhu Road, Xiamen City has Longhu Town, Longhu Village and Longhu Island, and Shantou City, Guangdong Province has Longhu District, Longhu Street, Longhu Village and Longhu Primary School.

This should be the Tang Dynasty Chen Yuanguang and Gwangju 102 surnamed military and civilians who moved the impressive place name Longhu to Lingnan, pinning their thoughts on their hometown and endless nostalgia!

(3) Yu Min "repairs bamboo", it is difficult to hide "hometown feelings"

There is a "Xiuzhuli" in Yunxiao County, present-day Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province. According to Qing Jiaqing's "Tomb of Qiu of Yunxiao Hall", "The Tomb of General Chen Wulie of Tang Guide: In the foothills of General Yunxiao Mountain, the former Xiuzhu Li. The Chen general Yuanguang buried his father Lady Sikong here. Qing Jiaqing's "Records of the Yunxiao Hall, Volume I, And Mountain" also records: "General Mountain is the town of the hall rule. Puyi Zhiyun, General Mountain in the west of the town to repair bamboo ,...... Or the Tang general Chen Yuanguangzheng lived in this name..."

The Chen family tree records that the general Chen Zheng "is the family of Gwangju in Huainan". Gwangju also has a place name for "Xiuzhu". "Daming Yi Tongzhi Vol. 31 Runing Province": XiuZhutai, in Gwangju, Song (Dynasty) ShengDu poem: I came to Xiaoxiao County, love this high platform. The front pair of cangyi bamboo, ten thousand rod ball lin material. The "King Ding Siku Quanshu Henan Tongzhi Volume 52" says: "Xiu Zhutai, after the rule of Gwangju. ”

"Chen Yuanguang, A native of Gwangju" "Chen Yuanguang, the character has 芑, used to be a Gwangju person, because the ancestor Chen Yuanguang had meritorious service in Min, and the world guarded Zhangzhou, so he became a Min person." ......。 In the capital, I saw Li Linfu and Yang Guozhongguo, and had no intention of entering, and returned to the old land of Gwangju, where Kawahara was magnificent, and lived in the new for several years."

The "Chronicle of the Hall of Clouds" says that "or the Tang general Chen Yuanguangzheng lived in this name" is unknown, whether it is understood today that Chen Zheng should have been buried in the city of Gwangju after his death, but the horses were strong, and the old home was far away and could not be returned, and quan dang here was the hometown of Gwangju Xiuzhuli.

(4) The secret in Chen Yuanguang's name

1. Chen Yuanguang's "light" decryption.

"Lu Shi Guo Ming Ji" Yun: "The Spring and Autumn Map has a kingdom of light, and now Gwangju is also." Chen Yuanguang, the author believes that the word "light" or the name "light" in Guangguo, Gwangju, and Fuguang Mountain should be named after the "light" in the ancient Guangguo, Gwangju and Fuguang Mountain place names.

Why? Because the ancients had a tradition of using land as a surname and naming. For example, Huangchuan County was the HuangGuo in the Spring and Autumn Period, and after the fall of the country, the people of the Huangguo took the state as their surname, so Huangchuan County became the ancestral root of the Huang surname in the world. The places where the people of Huangguo moved to live were called Huanggang, Huangzhou, and Huangpi. In addition, the genealogy records that Chen Yuanguang of the Han Jianwujian "had the ancestor Chen Menglian and was buried at the foot of the Floating Light Mountain". It can be seen that Chen Yuanguang and his descendants attach importance to and have deep feelings for Fuguang Mountain. It is quite possible to name it after that.

Coincidentally, the Gwangju Chronicle records that Sima Guang was also named Sima Guang because he was born in Gwangju. Qing Shunzhi edition of Meng Jun's "Gwangju Chronicle" volume 11 art examination "Sima Wen Gong Ancestral Record": "Although the light is secluded, and the birth of Sima Wen Gong, then the light is also a great light!" A native of Gong Hanoi, he was born in Gwangju and was named after him. ”

2. Why is Chen Yuanguang a torch?

As mentioned above, Chen Yuanguang got its name from The Floating Light Mountain and Gwangju and Gwangkuni. In fact, the word Ting torch also originates from the Floating Light Mountain. Song Leshi wrote the Taiping Huanyu Chronicle volume 127 "Five Gwangju of Huainan Province": "Floating Light Mountain, Zhou Yi Twelve Li, a Floating Yi Mountain, in the northwest of the county eighty miles." Ying Shao's note to the Book of Han Yun: "Yishan is in the northwest of the city. "Water Sutra Notes" Yun: "Floating Light Mountain is Yiyang Mountain." Its mountains overlook the long Huai, and every time there is a light. ”

Imagine that under the setting sun, a majestic mountain overlooks the Huai River, and "every light shines" on the top of the mountain, is not like a torch standing on the bank of the Huai River? So it seems that Chen Yuanguang, the word Tingju, how appropriate!

3. The secret of Chen Yuanguang Longhu.

Chen Yuanguang, a native of Gwangju. In front of the ancient cities of Gwangju Gwangkook and Huangguo, there is a long lake preserved. Longhu Lake also symbolizes the descendants of the ancient Guangguo and Huangguo Nailong, and this place is the place where dragons and tigers are entrenched.

Since Chen Yuanguang's name and characters are derived from the "Floating Light Mountain" of "Guangguo" and "Gwangju", then who can say that Chen Yuanguang's number is not based on the name of Gwangju Longhu?

(5) Weihui Temple and Guangji Wang Ancestral Hall (Chen Wang Ancestral Hall) in Gwangju and Weihui and Guangji place names in Fujian and Guangdong

There are countless "Weihui Temple", "Holy King Temple" and "Guangji King Temple" in Fujian, Guangdong and Southeast Asia, and there are also Guangji Temple, Guangji Gate (City Tower), Guangji Bridge and Guangji Road in Chaozhou, and Guangji Road in Dongguan.

Place names such as "Weihui" and "Guangji" in Fujian, Guangdong, and Southeast Asia can only be found in the tang and Song dynasties of Gwangju in present-day Huangchuan County.

Regarding the place name of "Guangji", Qianlong's "Chronicle of Gwangju" says: "The Ancestral Hall of the King of Guangji was in front of the Xuegong Palace, and Chen Gongguang, a native of Qi County. During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Song, he was given the title of 'King of Guangji of Zhaolie', and had Si Chunqiu (司春秋之). The Gwangju Local Chronicle also records that the locals also called the Guangji King Ancestral Hall "Guangji Ancestral Hall" and "Chen Wang Ancestral Hall".

Regarding the place name of "Weihui", the Weihui Temple in Yiyang City, Gwangju was formerly called Yiyang "Three Gong Temple" and "Yiyang Three Gods Shrine", and in the ninth year of Song Shaoxing (1139), the temple was given "Wei Hui", and the official name of the Yiyang Sangong Temple was "Wei Hui Temple".

The second volume of the Gwangju Chronicle of the seventeenth year of Shunzhi, "Jianzhi Kao Temple View", says: "The Three Gong Temples of Yiyang, in the west gate of the north city, the three gods are known as Wei Huihou, Zhaohui (Hou), and Fuhui (Hou), all of which are sealed. "The General Temple, three miles north of the state city." "The Ancestral Hall of the King of Guangji, before Confucianism."

Song Hui Zhi Manuscript Volume 1237 Li 20 One of the 52 "Yiyang Three Gods Shrine": Three Gods Shrine in Yiyang West corner of Dingcheng County. In April of the ninth year of Shaoxing (1139), the temple was given "Wei Hui". In August of the twenty-fifth year (1155), he was also enthroned as a marquis, and the middle god was known as Wei Hui (Hou), the eastern god (曰): Zhaohui (Hou), and the western god was named Lingying (Hou). In September of the thirty-second year (1162), he was crowned: Marquis Huixian of Ying, Marquis of Wuge Zhaohui, and Marquis huiling of Zhonggefu.

Qianlong Thirty-five Years of the "Chronicle of Gwangju" volume 11 "Altar Temple Chronicle" recorded: "There are three hou temples in the west gate of the northern city, one is Lingyinghou, one is Shunhou, and the other is Xianyinghou. The old zhi was all sealed, but the origin of his surname was not detailed, and it is now unknown. ”

Qianlong Thirty-five Years of the "Chronicle of Gwangju" volume 11 "Altar Temple Chronicle": "The Xian ancestral hall of the prefecture township, the ancestral hall of the famous eunuchs, and the ancestral hall of loyalty and righteousness are all in the Xuegong. The Filial Piety Shrine was in the outer east of the Xuegong Palace, and yongzheng was three years old, and Gao Zheng of Zhizhou was built by Wen jian. The Ancestral Hall of the King of Guangji was in front of the Xuegong Palace, and chen Gongguang, a native of Qi county. During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Song, he was given the title of 'King of Guangji of Zhaolie', and had Si Chunqiu (司春秋之). Yuan Guang, a native of Ben County, was the commander-in-chief of the Lingnan March during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, and the town guarded Zhangzhou, and the descendants of Shouzhang. Later Yuanguang 36th Sun Ye, at the beginning of the Wanli Calendar, was the state guard, and the people were established as the ancestral hall of the King of Guangji in the Xuegong Palace to show his ancestral virtue, and then he was honored with Ye. There are seven acres of sacrificial fields, and nine grains are sold in the south. ”

For Chen Yuanguang's place of origin, "Hedong Said", "Yingchuan Said" and "Gushi Theory", whether it is historical documents such as local history and genealogy, or cultural sites and archaeological relics, the historical documents of Hedong, Yingchuan and Gushi Counties from ancient times to the present have no records and discoveries of Chen Yuanguang's ancestral temple.

We have every reason to believe that Chen Yuanguang's birthplace is in Yiyang City, Dingcheng County, Gwangju in the Tang Dynasty, and it is not at all Gushi County in Henan, Hedong in Shanxi, and Yingchuan in Henan.

2. Unforgettable nostalgia - the remnants of Gwangju folk culture in southern Fujian

Regarding the origin of Fujian culture, the academic community has reached a relatively unanimous opinion, that is, The Fujian culture is inherited from the Central Plains culture. Literature records that most of the Min people moved in from Gwangju, Henan in the early days. The relevant customs naturally spread to Mindi with the southward migration of Gwangju immigrants. Min culture is actually an ethnic culture based on the immigrants from Gwangju in the Central Plains and based on the inheritance of Gwangju culture in the Central Plains. The Minnan language is actually the official dialect of Datang Gwangju.

(1) Gwangju Bowl (Wa) Cake and Minnan Bowl Cake

Zhangzhou and other southern Fujian regions also have bowl cake snacks, and their bowl cake preparation methods and tastes are almost the same as today's Huangchuan bowl cakes. Eating bowls of cakes in Zhangzhou is like returning to your hometown of Gwangju.

(2) Gwangju Gongmian and Zhangzhou noodles

Gwangju tribute noodles are known as "longevity noodles, long relatives noodles, dragon and phoenix noodles", is a local specialty of Huangchuan, favored by the local people, some village farmers in Huangchuan will almost make tribute noodles. Huangchuan and Zhangzhou tribute noodles have a very close taste and production method, but they call this noodle noodles noodles, and noodle soup is very popular in Zhangzhou.

(3) Gwangju tea and Fujian tea production

Huangchuan, Henan is a key county in Tea Production in China, with a long history of tea production. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Gwangju tea was widely cultivated and of high quality. In ancient times, Huainan Tea District included seven prefectures, namely Gwangju, Yiyang County, Shuzhou, Shouzhou, Puzhou, Huangzhou, and Yangzhou. Huainan Tea District is one of the eight major tea producing areas in the country and the northernmost tea area in China. Tea Saint Lu Yu recorded in the Tea Classic: "Huainan Tea, Gwangju Shang, Yiyang County, Shuzhou (present-day Shucheng, Anhui), Shouzhou Xia, Puzhou (present-day Puchun, Hubei), Huangzhou (present-day Huanggang, Hubei) and xia. In addition, according to Lu Tingcan's "Continuation of the Tea Classic", there were 26 kinds of famous teas in the country at that time, and there were 3 kinds in Gwangju. The book says: "Dongshou, Asakayama, and Thin Side out of Gwangju." This shows that Gwangju tea not only had a certain scale to the Tang and Song dynasties, but also had a famous tea.

According to a may 4, 2012 Article by Zhangzhou Minnan Cultural Scholar Hechi in the Minnan Daily, "Interesting Discussion on Chen Yuanguang and the Tea Relationship between Fujian and Taiwan", Zhangzhou has a long history of tea cultivation, as early as 1320 years ago, Chen Zheng Chen Yuanguang entered Southern Fujian to quell the turmoil, and also brought about the tea varieties, planting techniques and tea drinking style of the Central Plains, which was revealed in his "Longhu Collection" poem.

(4) Southern Fujian dialect and Huangchuan dialect

Although the Quanzhangxia area and the present-day Huangchuan County of Ancient Gwangju are thousands of miles apart, there are many similarities between the dialects of the two places.

The colloquial meanings of the two places are mostly the same. Gwangju is frequently plagued by wars, southern Fujian is relatively peaceful, and the southern Fujian dialect has not changed much, still retaining the vernacular state of the Tang Dynasty, and now it seems that there is a little bit of "wenyan" flavor, which is not surprising.

(5) The back of Gwangju in the ancient house of southern Fujian

The historical buildings of southern Fujian, including traditional houses, can be found in the historical back of the ancient Gwangju Henan region.

The first is the unique house style of swallow wings, cornices, and high ridge roof ridges. The ancient Gwangju area still retains the characteristics of swallow wings, cornices, and high-ridged roof ridges today, although they are not as obvious as the characteristics of the ancient houses in southern Fujian.

The second is the courtyard layout of the courtyard, the patio courtyard and the courtyard. In the southern Fujian region, most of the ancient houses choose the courtyard layout of the courtyard, the patio courtyard and the courtyard. This is also common in present-day Huangchuan County and the surrounding areas under the jurisdiction of ancient Gwangju, and there are also such traditions and houses that have been handed down from ancient times.

The third is the choice of color of the walls, doors and windows of the house. In the ancient Gwangju area, since ancient times, it likes big red or vermilion doors and windows, and the oncoming walls like white as the main tone with red trim, gables and walls are mostly red as the common choice, and the roof is gray or red as the main tone. This is very similar to the color selection of the Great Red Ancient House in southern Fujian.

(6) Gwangju of southern Fujian festival customs

There are many similarities in the shangyuan festival, zhongyuan festival, sacrifice, song and dance, drama and many other customs in today's minnan region and the historical Gwangju today's Huangchuan County.

This cultural phenomenon proves that Fujian culture is an ethnic culture based on the migration of the Central Plains and with the inheritance of the Central Plains culture as the core.

August 2020