Mao'er Hutong is the fourth hutong from south to north on the west side of NanluoguXiang, known as Zitong Temple Wenchang Palace during the Ming Dynasty, and Mao'er Hutong during the Qing Dynasty. The hutong is oriented in an east-west direction, with a total length of 585 meters and a width of 7 meters, and is known as one of the top ten hutongs in Beijing today.
Hat Hutong East Exit
There are many old houses in Mao'er Hutong, many legends, and many prominent celebrities, such as the Ming Dynasty general Hong Chengzuo, the last empress Wanrong, the late Qing Dynasty university scholar Wenyu, the descendant of Princess Hejing, the Fuguo Gongda Beizi, and the Beiyang warlord Feng Guozhang.
Wenchang Temple, at No. 21 Mao'er Hutong, is dedicated to Emperor Wenchang (i.e., Wenqu Xing), a mythical and legendary deity in charge of wenyun. Wenchang Temple was built between the Yuan Shun Emperor and the Zheng Dynasty, and during the Ming Dynasty, it was called Zitong Wenchang Palace. In the sixth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1801), it was overhauled.
According to historical records, sacrifices are held here every spring and autumn. The Spring Festival falls on February 3rd, and it is said that this day is the birthday of Wenqu Xing. It was not until after the Xinhai Revolution that the Wenchang Temple stopped its sacrificial activities.
Now built on the site of the Wenchang Temple is the Mao'er Hutong Primary School, and the "Old Monument of the Wenchang Emperor Temple of the Ming Imperial Protector" is still in the courtyard.
Wanrong's former residence, commonly known as "Niangniangfu"
The exterior wall of the inverted house is marked: Old House Garden
At present, the Niangniang Mansion has long been turned into a large courtyard, and only the outside of the mansion and the courtyard door can be seen, and the three mansion doors have been built into three inverted houses for residents. In the back eaves wall of the seven south rooms, two doors were opened, which are now No. 35 and No. 37 of Mao'er Hutong.
Courtyard gate no. 37 Hat Er Hutong
Courtyard No. 37 was the residence of the last empress dowager before marriage. After Wanrong was crowned "Empress", her father Rongyuan was made a "Third Class Cheng'en Gong" according to the ceremonial system, and Rongyuan Mansion was upgraded to Cheng'en Gongfu as the "Rear Residence". Expanded into the West Road Four Entrance Courtyard and the East Road Three Entrance Courtyard. The main house of West Road is where WanRong lives.
Old photo of WanRong (image from the Internet)
In 1906, WanRong was born in Rongyuan Province, Hat Er Hutong, Wanrong's father was enlightened and advocated equality between men and women, and under this family education concept, young Wanrong was able to read and learn, play the piano and paint, and study in american church schools.
The middle woman is Wanrong (picture from the Internet)
It is precisely because of her talent, dignified appearance, and family lineage that Wanrong was internally designated as the empress of the last emperor Puyi.
Puyi Yu Wanrong (Picture from the Internet)
According to records, on December 1, 1922, Feng You, who married Wanrong, left the Forbidden City and went to Mao'er Hutong, kicking off the prelude to the wedding of the last emperor Puyi. On this day, from the Forbidden City to the Empress's Palace in Hat Er Hutong, tens of thousands of spectators along the way, military and police are lined up, and cars, horse-drawn carriages, and foreign cars are difficult to count. The welcoming team consisted of the infantry commander Yamen Horse Team, the Police Department Horse Team, the Security Horse Team, the Military Music Team, and finally the Queen's 22 Golden-crowned Phoenixes and Qingmu's retinue.
When Puyi got married, it was already eleven years of the Republic of China, and the Qing court was only a nominal monarch. Zaitao Belle was responsible for the general wedding ceremony, and in order to maintain the dignity of the royal family, it was agreed that the wedding fund would be one million taels. In order to raise this huge expenditure, qing mu wrote a letter to the Government of the Republic of China to recover the "preferential treatment fees" owed over the years, and the reply was that "it is difficult to do so." These mortgaged gold and silver utensils, porcelain and jade, hollowed out the qing dynasty royal family's family foundation, and only then did they support the "face" of this last Chinese royal wedding.
In 1924, Feng Yuxiang launched the "Beijing Coup", Puyi and Wanrong were expelled from the palace, and the two were forced to move to Tianjin. Subsequently, Wanrong and Puyi became puppets of The Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo, and in the cold northeast, Wanrong became infected with "big smoking addiction", and the relationship with Puyi's husband and wife was also similar.
In 1946, Wanrong spent her life in Yanji's prison, some saying that she was "swept away and thrown on the North Mountain with an old kang", and some said that she was "buried in Nanshan, Yanji City", and after death, there were no bones left, at the age of 40. This once magnificent woman, because she stepped into the palace gate, buried what should have been a beautiful life, and the ending was extremely tragic.
Wanrong Old Residence West Road four into the courtyard connecting the main house courtyard of the weeping flower door
University Scholar Wenyu Mansion and Gardens
Wen Yu's mansion , No. 11 Mao'er Hutong
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the residence of Shi Wenyu of Wuyingdian University was at No. 11 of hutong, covering an area of 11,000 square meters, with a strict layout, and among the private residences in the capital at that time, Wen Yu's residence was quite famous, and it was also rare in the existing private residences.
Magnificent wide-ranging gates and stone mounts
The drum face of the door pier is carved with a unicorn reclining pine pattern
Wen Yu's mansion is a large mansion made up of five courtyards connected in parallel, and there is a garden on the east and west roads. There is a stone in front of the gate, and two well-preserved and beautifully carved drum-shaped door piers in the gatehouse.
The East Garden is the "Ke Garden", which is a large garden imitating the Humble Administrator's Garden and the Lion Forest in Suzhou, and is one of the representative works in the private garden gardens of Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty.
It is said that the garden is no more than 100 meters long from north to south and 30 meters wide from east to west. Although the garden is small, it is very satisfactory, so it is called "Ke Garden". The front garden is sparse, and the back garden is quiet. It is said that when you enter the south gate of "Keyuan", you can see the rockery covered by green bamboo, the winding path, and the word "Tongyou" carved on the stone of the cave. After passing through the cave, it is suddenly cheerful, full of flowers and plants, which can be described as a winding path. Unfortunately, it is not open to the public now.
Former residence of Acting President Feng Guozhang of the Republic of China
The 11th and 13th in the Wenyu Mansion are large rectangular courtyards connected to each other. After the overthrow of the Qing government, wen Yu's descendants, who had lost their financial resources, became increasingly depressed and could only survive by selling their property. After zhang xun's restoration failed in 1917, Feng Guozhang(the great-grandfather of the cross-talk actor Feng Gong), who was then vice president of the Republic of China, acted as president, and in 1918, Wen Yu's descendants sold the two houses to Feng Guozhang.
After Feng Guozhang stepped down in 1918, he was trapped in Hat Er Hutong. On December 28, 1919, Feng Guozhang died in Mao'er Hutong due to the death of typhoid fever. With the approval of Xu Shichang, president of the Beiyang government, a state funeral was held for Feng, and the flag was lowered to half-mast for three days, and the public sacrifice was held in Beijing for one month, and then moved to his hometown of Hejian in Hebei for burial.
After Feng Guozhang's death, his family rented out part of the house to Zhu Jiajun's father, Zhu Wenjun. From 1922 to 1929, Zhu Jiayu spent his childhood and adolescence here. Zhu Jiahuan is the 25th grandson of the Song dynasty scholar Zhu Xi, a famous contemporary scholar, archaeologist, expert in Qing history, and expert in opera studies. His father, Zhu Wenjun, studied in the United Kingdom in his early years and was the founder of the Palace Museum; and he himself was known as a "national treasure of the cultural relics industry", and his achievements in cultural relics collection and appraisal were comparable to Zhang Boju.'s.
The secret radio station of the City Work Department of the Jin-Cha-Ji Central Bureau of the CPC is hidden
Hat Alley 2
This place was once a hidden place for the secret radio station of the City Work Department of the Jin-Cha-Ji Central Bureau of the COMMUNIST Party of China. During the Liberation War, under the leadership of Liu Ren, the City Work Department of the Jin-Cha-Ji Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China dispatched personnel to Beiping City to set up secret radio stations, one of which was located at No. 2 Mao'er Hutong. At that time, the work discipline of underground radio stations was very strict, and the work of the operator, translator and traffic officer was strictly separated, and the two sides did not contact each other. The operator is only responsible for receiving telegrams. Translators are responsible for translating telegrams into codes or codes into messages. The telegrams were all written in secret, and the traffic officers did not know the contents or where the radio station was. The pickup and delivery of telegrams was carried out in the alley.
At that time, Comrade Liu Ren also formulated strict discipline for the staff of the underground radio station:
Dabezi Province
Dabeizi was the daughter of the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty and a descendant of Princess Jing, who originally lived in the hejing princess mansion at present-day Zhang Zizhong Road. In 1923, Dalai sold the province to Zhang Zongchang, commander-in-chief of the Zhilu Coalition Army, for 150,000 oceans, and moved to No. 6 Mao'er Hutong himself. After the death of Dabezi, his son Dolgi was knighted.
Now this aristocratic mansion is a private residence and is not open to the public. Only the magnificent four door hairpins on the gate and the exquisite paintings vaguely prove its once prominent identity.
Remains of the Qing Dynasty Courtyard
Courtyard of No. 5 Hat Hutong
Courtyard No. 5 is close to the east entrance of the hutong, which is the Guangliang Gate.
Jumen Deva, beautifully painted on the horse board
I have been to Hat Er Hutong several times, and the gate of this Qing Dynasty courtyard is always closed, and it is estimated that 80% of it is now a private residence.
There is also a wide green brick wall on the opposite street, and the architectural style of the Qing Dynasty can be seen from the qingshui ridge and scorpion tail
Walking in this alley, many old houses have become large courtyards, and weeds have grown on some old bricks and tiles
The last emperor took his 16-year-old bride from this alley with great grandeur, and this wanrong, who was born and raised in the hat alley, even if unfortunately became the "last empress", also glorified her court. Nearly a century later, her mother's old home is still the highlight of this alley.
In the courtyard of our Beijing hutongs, there is always an old tree that does not know how many years old, or a date tree, or a cypress tree, or a locust, in the hot summer of the sun, the old people shaking the fan sit under the shade of the tree and pull the parents in the short, the children chase and play at the entrance of the courtyard, maybe this is the life of our old Beijingers.