On September 22, 1630, the national hero Yuan Chonghuan was stabbed 3543 times late.
In 1584, Yuan Chonghuan was born, Yuan Chonghuan's grandfather was named Yuan Shixiang, and his father Yuan Zipeng lived in Yuan Wudun, Dongguan, Guangdong.
In Yuan Chonghuan's early years, the Ming Dynasty had lost the land of Liaodong and was occupied by later Jin. When Yuan Chonghuan was in school, when he passed by this land temple, he thought of this matter, and said to the land public, saying: "Land public, land public, why not go to liaodong?" ”
This means that the land in Liaodong has been lost, and you should not defend the land and still enjoy the incense of the people here in vain.
Yuan Chonghuan received a good family education and a Confucian culture education when he was a child. Therefore, Yuan Chonghuan's later life path was closely related to the influence of his family and the Confucian cultural education he received.
Yuan Chonghuan's family was born into a farmer and a businessman, and he was familiar with reading scriptures, so Yuan Chonghuan was influenced by three cultures:
First, the peasants are industrious and simple.
Second, businessmen are flexible and changeable.
The third is Confucianism's self-cultivation and governance.
Yuan Chonghuan's character, who was influenced by these three cultures, was the cultural foundation for him to later serve the country and make meritorious achievements.
Yuan Chonghuan obtained the qualification of a student at the age of 14, that is, Xiucai, which is not easy, and many people have not yet passed the Xiucai examination after many years.
In 1606, the 23-year-old Yuan Chonghuan was raised in the examination, and it should be said that it was still relatively early. The Fan Jin in "The History of Ru Lin" was so happy that he went crazy after taking the exam. It shows that at that time, lifting people in the examination was a big thing and a happy event, and it also showed that it was difficult to lift people.
On March 18, 1619, the 38-year-old Yuan Chonghuan passed the temple examination to become a jinshi.
Yuan Chonghuan's examination is not easy, because every three years, the average is about 100 people a year. In the case of Guangxi Teng County, Yuan Chonghuan is a citizen of Guangxi Teng County, and when he went to Beijing to enter the jinshi, only 5 people in the whole of Guangxi Tengxian were admitted to the jinshi during the 276 years of the Ming Dynasty, that is, the average of 55 years the whole county produced only one jinshi. It can be seen that Yuan Chonghuan's examination for the jinshi is not easy.
Yuan Chonghuan, a jinshi in the examination, was very happy, and he wrote another poem, and he returned to Dongguan to worship his ancestors. The poem says, "Less than a little resignation, twenty years." Dare to be famous in the list, deeply ashamed of the sacrifice of no field. Qiu LongTang pear in, yiguan hand Zechuan. Looking back at the setting sun, the forest trees are lush and smokey. This poem reflects Yuan Chonghuan's refreshed and cheerful mood after he passed the entrance examination.
In 1628, Chongzhen appointed Yuan Chonghuan as an overseer. When Chongzhen summoned Yuan Chonghuan, he had a dialogue history, which said: "The platform is called right", and the core content is about "five years of restoration".
Yuan Chonghuan was originally a Zhi County in Shaowu, Fujian Province, and He could do Zhi County there and do it peacefully. If you have done something, you may be promoted to a prefect and so on. Develop in the direction of career. However, Yuan Chonghuan did not, he had a kind of courage.
The Ming army was gradually defeated and retreated, losing the city and losing land. One lost Fushun, two lost Qinghe, three lost Kaiyuan, four lost Tieling, five lost Shenyang, six lost Liaoyang, seven lost Guangning, eight lost Yizhou, and there was a great defeat of Salhu, known as the 470,000 army. No one wants to go to Liaodong. It is believed that Liaodong is the land of death, the land of death. For the sake of Liao, before Yuan Chonghuan went to Shanhaiguan, fifteen general soldiers died, Fushun, and Zhang Chengyin died.
On June 5, 1629, Yuan Chonghuan went to meet Mao Wenlong on the pretext of inspecting military information, and killed mao Wenlong, the chief soldier, on 12 major crimes in Shuangdao. This matter has always been controversial and has been debated to this day. It should be said that Yuan Chonghuan's killing of Mao Wenlong was an overstepping of power, that is, he was overstepping his authority.
Yuan Chonghuan guarded Ning yuan, he abandoned the traditional practices of the previous ones, enterprising and innovative, he played to his strengths to deal with Nurhaci's shortcomings. To sum up the six words, "with a fortified city, with cannons." You come to beat me, and I won't get it as soon as I close the city. I bombard you with cannons, I bombard you in the city, you cavalry charge the city, I bombard you with artillery.
As a result, within a few months, in November 1629, without Mao Wenlong's restraint, Emperor Taiji finally let go of his hands and feet, leading hundreds of thousands of troops to sneak into the city of Beijing.
Yuan Chonghuan, armed with the Shangfang Sword, was fully responsible for the defense of the Liao, but let Emperor Taiji kill all the way to the city of Beijing, burning and looting.
Yuan Chonghuan was forced to rush to the aid of thousands of miles, and with 9,000 cavalry and Huang Taiji's 100,000 troops fought outside the Guangqu Gate, and Huang Taiji retreated.
Unexpectedly, Hou Jin retired from the army, but Yuan Chonghuan was convicted.
Hou Jin entered Guannei from Liu Ce's territory, and Yuan Chonghuan rushed to escort him after learning of this situation, and it is reasonable to say that he was not guilty, but had merit. However, the ministers of the imperial court believed that Houjin was deliberately put in by Yuan Chonghuan, so they began to frame him for colluding with Houjin. At first, Zhu Youjian did not believe it, but then Jin devised a divisive plan at this time, framing Yuan Chonghuan for having private correspondence with them.
In the end, Zhu Youjian believed it, and in December of that year, Yuan Chonghuan was imprisoned. However, Wei Zhongxian's Yu Dang also wanted to execute Yuan Chonghuan, so he was given two more charges: unauthorized peace with Hou Jin and killing the hero Mao Wenlong without authorization. These two charges were enough to make Yuan Chonghuan sentenced to death. In the third year of Chongzhen, Yuan Chonghuan was executed, his family was exiled, and all family property was confiscated.
Before the execution, Yuan Chonghuan read out his last words:
A lifetime of career is empty, and half a lifetime of merit is in a dream.
After death, there is no fear of brave generals, and loyal souls still guard Liaodong.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Dai described Yuan Chonghuan's tragic situation of Being Ling Chi in the Later Collection of the Book of Shi Kui:
"So I tied up the hair in the West Market of the Zhenfu Division, and cut it inch by inch." Cutting a piece of meat, tens of thousands of people in Beijing fought from the executioners for raw life. The executioners pounced, and the people fought for money for their flesh, and they were finished in an instant. The opening of the cavity out of its stomach, the people snatched it, and those who got a section of it, and the shochu was gnawed, and the blood flowed between the teeth and cheeks, and the spit was cursed. Whoever finds his bones will crush them with a knife and an axe, and the flesh and bones will be exhausted. ”
Yuan Chonghuan does not understand politics, does not use power and scheming, is good at speaking out, asserts himself, arbitrarily, and irritable, these personality factors have long been doomed to Yuan Chonghuan will not have a good ending, and his death is inevitable!
But his great deeds should not be buried, he is a hero, a tragic hero!
The first person in history to rehabilitate Yuan Chonghuan was the Qianlong Emperor, who respected Yuan Chonghuan very much and believed that Yuan Chonghuan was wronged, "Yuan Chonghuan's overseers Ji and Liao, although they were in trouble with our dynasty, they were still loyal to what they did. At that time, the Lord was dim and dark, and could not exhaust his sorrow, so that his body was rebuilt, and he was deeply merciful. ”
Finally, to borrow Mr. Jin Yong's evaluation: "Yuan Chonghuan is really like a tragic hero of ancient Greece, with great courage, courage to fight the enemy, and moral courage. His soaring energy, stubborn brute force, and fierce fierceness are a real hero."