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Qianlong in Western oil painting
Xiang Yu, Cao Cao, Dong Zhuo, Huang Chao, Sun Dianying...
Oh, yes, there is also the sixth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, the fourth emperor Qianlong after the Qing army entered the customs, they all have a common identity -
Commonly known as tomb robbers, Ya is called "Lieutenant Touching Gold", and Changsha dialect is called "Tufuzi".
01
In China, the ancients believed that "death is like life".
That is, after death, people still have to live a life similar to the yang in the underworld, so tomb buildings and burial supplies are mostly modeled on the world's equipment.
Xunzi Li Theory:
The mourner, the living adorn the dead, the elephant gives birth, sends him to death, dies like life, and dies like survival.
Especially the emperors.
In the tombs of the Qin and Han dynasties, it was necessary to collect the imperial clothes, gold and silver treasures, serve concubines, and sacrifice food (human martyrdom) to the palace people, as if they were alive.
It is precisely because the funerary products are so abundant that it has given birth to a "tomb robbery" industry with considerable technical content.
However, successive dynasties and dynasties have believed that this move is harmful to nature and reason, and it has been included in the law and severely punished.
If this is the case, why would Qianlong do such an ugly thing that the world despises?
This file also starts from the golden silk nan wood used to make the coffin.
The price is higher than gold of the golden silk nan wood
02
In the eighth year of Qianlong (1743 AD), Qianlong set out to build a mausoleum for himself, and the tomb site was chosen at Shengshuiyu, west of Xiaoling.
After ten years of vigorous construction, it was completed in the seventeenth year of Qianlong, and the total cost of silver was more than 1.7 million taels.
It is for Yuling.
Exterior view of Yuling
Yuling Ming Hall is open and noble, with more than 20 projects such as the Sacred Virtue Monument Pavilion, the Five-Hole Bridge, the One-Hole Bridge, the XiamaPai, and the Underground Palace, which can be described as extraordinary momentum and exquisite craftsmanship.
This "beautiful material" includes golden silk nan wood.
According to the Ming Dynasty Xie Zhaochun's "Five Miscellaneous Tricks":
Nanmu was born chu shu people, deep mountains and poor valleys do not know the age, a hundred zhang of dry, half buried sand, so cut into a coffin, called sand board. There is a texture in the solution of the good plate, and it is as strong as iron stone. Those who try it, make a box with the moon, and the raw meat is enlightened by several days, and the color is unchanged.
That is, a coffin made of gold silk nan wood can be made into a corpse, which can not rot for many years; it is made into a food box of raw meat, which does not change color for several days.
Therefore, since ancient times, rich and noble families have been keen to use this wood to make shou wood.
However, the golden silk nan wood grows in the deep mountains and valleys where miasma is full of miasma and tigers and wolves are infested, which is extremely difficult to get. There is also a saying that:
1,000 people went into the mountains to harvest, and finally half of them could come out alive, when they burned high incense;
Even if the harvesting is in full swing, the ravines are long, and there is no way to go, it is even more difficult to transport them out. The only way is to wait for the flash flood to break out and use the power to wash the logs out of the mountain.
If you catch lei gong lazy and rain for several years, then you should be patient.
Three or five years is it, and ten years and eight years is also it.
In addition, due to the over-exploitation in the early period, and by the Manchu Qing Dynasty, it was difficult to find a straight-formed Nan that could be used to build girders, and even the market price was coaxed to be comparable to gold.
Because of this, Qianlong was so worried every day that he couldn't eat or sleep, and his brain was wrinkled like walnut peel:
The price is better than gold, that's not a thing. We have silver in Daqing, but it is difficult to pick up and luck. How can this be?
After turning over and over, after the brain juice was strangled N times, Qianlong's eyes suddenly lit up:
Or, steal something?
Whose?
Zhu Di, of course. The third head of the former dynasty, that is also a rich master!
03
The reason why Qianlong set his sights on the Ming Tombs, especially the Changling Tombs of Ming Chengzu and Empress Xu, was simple:
During Zhu Di's reign, the country was powerful and had strong financial resources: operating the northeast, five conquests of the desert north, seven voyages to the west, taking Annam, building the Forbidden City... Piles and pieces are all big things.
Such a person who does great things will naturally make great efforts to build a mausoleum for himself.
To put it bluntly, in the tombs of Zhu Di and his daughter-in-law, there will definitely be a large number of hard textured century-old golden silk nan wood.
"Boss, this thing can't be done, it can't be done!"
At that time, the officials Shangshu Liu Yong, Wenyuange University scholar Ji Xiaolan, and others listened to Qianlong reveal the wind of tomb robbery, and one by one they were furious and organized groups to persuade each other.
"Why?" Qianlong asked slowly and logically.
Liu Luoguo immediately moved out the Great Qing Law: "You see, the law we formulated is clearly written."
Qianlong had a black line on his face: "I can't see it." ”
"The minister read it to you." Article 276: Whoever excavates a grave and sees a coffin shall have a staff of one hundred and flow for three thousand miles; whoever has opened a coffin and seen a corpse shall be hanged..."
"Noisy. I can't hear clearly! ”
Qianlong swept a glance at Liu Yong, Ji Xiaolan, and other opponents, snorted coldly and dropped his ass and left, secretly wondering as he walked:
Old Zhu's tomb, labor is done!
04
In the following days, Qianlong thought about it day and night, opened his eyes and closed his eyes, and it was all the golden silk nanmu in the tomb of Ming Chengzu Zhu Di.
As the saying goes: Don't be afraid of thieves, you are afraid of thieves. Especially being remembered by the lord of a country is not good.
The fact is also that the emperor's mind was quickly seen through by several ministers.
Among them, there is the Ministry of Works Shangshu Jinjian (Zi Keting, the Han Army zheng huangqi person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, a Manchurian wrapper);
There is a Hubu Shangshu Cao Wen filled in. He and his father Cao Zhenyong were then known as "Father and Son Shangshu".
The two had a good friendship, and they met privately, muttered, and then gave a piece of music to the master Qianlong.
This sonata is really called a unique ingenuity -
I implore the Holy Father to repair the Ming Tomb to show respect for the former dynasty and win the hearts and minds of the people.
Qianlong pondered a little, and suddenly understood, Long Yan Was pleased: "Good, quasi-playing, just do it!" ”
What to do?
Steal beams for columns!
In the name of repair, all the nan wood you want is dismantled, poured out, and then replaced with ordinary wood.
For this project, Qianlong appointed Jin Jian as the general person in charge and Cao as the supervisor, and immediately formulated a repair plan.
The plan proposed by Jin Jian and Cao Wencheng did not dare to go too far, and the overall boil down to four words: dismantling the big and changing the small.
That is, the regulation of all the grace halls of the Ming Tombs, including the two buildings, was reduced.
The original 7 rooms were changed to 5 rooms; 5 rooms were changed to 3 rooms; the heavy eaves were changed to single eaves, and the nan wood was replaced by willow wood...
I have to say that this trick is played high, it is really high!
In his later years, Qianlong wrote the Ten Complete Records and called himself the "Ten Complete Old Men". If you add the pile of tomb robbery, it should be called "eleven full old people" to be appropriate!
05
However, some people also questioned and refuted Qianlong's move.
The reasons are:
As mentioned above, the Qianlong Yuling Tomb was completed in the seventeenth year of Qianlong (1752 AD).
Yuling Underground Palace
Qianlong repaired the Ming Tombs 35 years later in the 52nd year of Qianlong (1787 AD).
From the perspective of time, the theory of Qianlong robbing tombs does not hold up.
But why is the folk tradition so widespread? Could it be that future generations are splashing his dog's blood?
Combined with the fact that the Manchu Qing emperors repaired the tombs, it may not be empty.
First, in the xiaoling tomb of the first emperor Shunzhi, a large amount of wood from Ming Dynasty architecture was found;
This shows that they are better at "stealing beams for columns".
Second, the reconstruction of the mausoleums he had built had happened in the Qing Dynasty.
For example, Yongzheng.
Several emperors before Yongzheng were buried in one place, that is, The Tanglin Tomb, and the family was together, and their happiness and harmony were harmonious.
Who knows, Yongzheng did not join in the fun with his ancestors, abolished the original choice of Tanglin "Nine Dynasties Fengyang Mountain", and went to Yizhou Taipingyu alone;
Another example is Daoguang.
After the construction of the mausoleum was completed, a leak was found during the acceptance.
This is a small problem, but it is not when the tofu residue project is dealt with, torn down and rebuilt; and the patriarchal ritual system of the father on the left and the son on the right is broken...
Such a toss-and-turn and wayward family, who dares to guarantee that Qianlong did not do anything when repairing the Ming Tombs, did not replace the golden silk nan wood, and unconsciously used it in his own mausoleum?
Xiaobian guessed that just by virtue of his carrying these pokes of his own in the picture below, he destroyed countless ancient painting treasures into psoriasis's fearless spirit of not having a face, what is the point of stealing a tomb?
Qianlong's seal
As far as the Republic of China, the warlord and colleague Sun Dianying ordered the explosion of Yuling to make a good call for looting.
According to the on-the-spot investigation of the Qingmu Aftermath Committee, the skeletons in the underground palace were scattered all over the ground, and the golden coffin of Nanmu was also split into fragments...
Stealing beams and pillars to steal people's tombs, but he didn't want his tomb to be stolen. One report was not reported at a time, and it also fell into a tragic end of incomplete bones.
Perhaps, this is the cycle of the Heavenly Dao, and there is retribution in the underworld.