Lettuce, also known as lettuce, is native to the Mediterranean coast. Cultivation in Guangdong and Guangxi is more common in China. In jilin province, there is not only collective cultivation, but also sporadic cultivation by members of the community, which is a popular small variety of vegetables. Lettuce is a one- or two-year vegetable, lettuce plant is short, the main edible part is young leaves and petioles, is a typical raw food vegetable. The stem is made of lettuce (i.e. lettuce shoots) and is a variant of lettuce that was selectively cultivated from loose lettuce (i.e. lettuce). Its edible part is the unflowering flower stem. The flower stems are tender and juicy, and can be eaten raw, fried, or pickled and processed.
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Cultivated lettuce in our province rarely occupies a piece of land. Most are planted on both sides of the channel, in furrows, and on the edge of the ground. Because the lettuce root group is weak and the drought tolerance is poor, it is more important to carefully prepare the land before sowing and apply plantar fertilizer (especially nitrogen fertilizer). The specific method is: first use a walking tractor to turn the land 15 to 21 cm deep, and then apply 10,000 kg of farm manure per mu, spread out the manure and beat it into a 45 cm wide ridge, or make a 1 meter wide furrow to prepare for sowing.
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Seeds are generally sown in early to mid-April in various parts of the province. When the ridge is planted, it is sown on both sides of the ridge ditch, and when the ridge is planted, the 1 meter wide furrow is sown in 4 to 5 ditches.
Ridge as a ditch sowing, the soil moisture is good, it is conducive to the emergence of seedlings, after the emergence of seedlings nest wind, growth is very fast. Because the lettuce seeds are small and there are many seeds that are not fully mature, the amount of sowing should be appropriately increased, so that the seedlings are produced quickly and the whole seedlings are guaranteed. After the emergence of seedlings, the seedlings are too dense, and they can be harvested and marketed in the early stage. Lettuce is shallowly covered, generally 0.5 to 1 cm. In order to make full use of the land, lettuce is often sown between other crops such as shallots and garlic, and the growth period of lettuce is short, and the growth of main crops is generally not affected after harvesting.
Lettuce shoot cultivation requires seedlings. In early September, the seeds are sown in a hotbed, and the standard bed of 20 square meters is usually sown with 3 to 4 catties. Before sowing, soak the seeds with 45~50C warm water, soak the seeds for about 3 hours, wash them with clean water, and germinate at a temperature of 18~20C. Seeds can be sown when most of the seeds will break through the seed coat and germinate. When sowing seeds, the bed soil is first penetrated with hot water, and a thin layer of soil is covered after the water seeps down, and a thin layer of soil is covered after sowing. When the seedlings grow to 2 to 3 true leaves, divide the seedlings according to the row spacing of 5 hearts and 6 cm x 5 cm.
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Lettuce management is very simple. "Due to the low temperature in early spring6 the weeds grow slowly in the field, generally only thin grass can be done once, without special cultivation to weed. The key to lettuce management is fertilizer management. According to the soil texture and other conditions, the dry soil needs to be watered to keep the soil moist and meet the requirements of lettuce growth. Insufficient soil moisture not only affects yield, but also reduces product quality. My lettuce generally does not need to be fattened. If you are fattening, you can use some fertilizer on rainy days without special watering.
Lettuce begins colonization in mid-to-late April, and it is advisable to plant seedlings with 7 to 9 true leaves. The row spacing is 33-36 cm, and the seedlings are 500-6000 per mu. In production, it is customary to use furrows and other vegetables to set them up.
After colonization, management should be strengthened, otherwise there will be "thin strings, waterlogged strings, dry strings", which directly affects yield and quality. According to vegetable farmers, the "string" may appear in two periods: one is before the plant forms the lotus leaf, due to the lack of diligence and deep cultivation, the stem grows upwards, and the second is that after the formation of the lotus leaf, due to high temperature, drought and lack of fertilizer, the stem grows rapidly. The fertilizer and water management requirements for lettuce shoots are very strict, generally after slowing down the seedlings, it is necessary to carry out the first squat seedling in time for deep cultivation, soil loosening, weeding, and then water the seedlings; .15 to 20 days later, then the cultivated pine should be shallow, and the second squat seedlings should be carried out. During the squat period, it is necessary to control the water and flexibly grasp the watering according to the weather and seedling growth. After watering or raining, it should be cultivated in time to protect the moisture. Squat seedlings have a well-developed root system, large leaf discs, thick stems, short internodes, and thick leaves. After squatting seedlings, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management, and about 20 catties of ammonium nitrate per mu should be chased, and the ground should be kept moist during this period. The main insect pests of lettuce shoots are grubs and scarab beetles. Grubs are harmful to stems and roots, and scarab beetles are harmful to the top young stems and leaves, often causing the occurrence of sclerotia soft rot. Control method: apply decomposing manure, spray 0.5% 666 or artificial capture.
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Lettuce harvesting is one of the most important aspects of production. In the early stage, inter-collection should be adopted, one is to solve the problem of separation, and the other is to solve the problem of excessive density. In the later stage, it should be harvested at one time, otherwise it is very easy to cause twitching and affect the sowing of stubble vegetables. Lettuce shoots should be harvested at the highest yield when the flower stem is fully elongated and the buds are not seen. After the bamboo shoots are pulled out, the roots should be cut off, leaving 3 to 5 leaflets on the top, and all other leaves should be removed.