Ding Jishi recalled the situation of the Shandong party organization and labor movement during the first period of Kuomintang-Communist cooperation

I am a native of Taoluoxi Guanzhuang, Rizhao County, Shandong Province. My uncle, Ding Weifen, was the president of the Shandong Provincial League. I was able to get into high school and college on my uncle's income as a member of Congress. In 1919, during the May Fourth Movement, I was studying at Nankai Middle School in Tianjin, when I was only seventeen years old. At that time, Comrade Zhou Enlai was leading the student movement at Nankai Middle School, and I only followed my senior classmates to participate in rallies, marches, demonstrations, and shouted slogans, and did not participate in any organization. However, the slogans of "science" and "democracy" put forward at that time had a profound impact on the thinking of young people, and everyone competed to subscribe to the magazine "New Youth" and circulated it to each other. ~In 19921, I graduated from Nankai High School and was admitted to the German Remedial Department of Tongji University in Shanghai, and after a year of tuition in German, I transferred to the university. At this time, the Communist Party of China had just been founded, the warlords were fighting each other, the broad masses of the people were destitute, and China was being watched by imperialism, and the Chinese nation, which had suffered heavy disasters, was in a period of turmoil. In June 1923, the "Three Congresses" of the Communist Party of China put forward the idea of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China to jointly complete the democratic revolution. In January 1924, the first congress of the Kuomintang was held in Guangzhou, which realized Dr. Sun Yat-sen's three major policies of "uniting with Russia, uniting with the Communist Party, and supporting peasants and workers", and a brand-new political situation of the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation emerged. ‘

At the First Kuomintang Congress, many leaders of the Communist Party joined the Kuomintang in their personal capacity. Comrades Li Dazhao, Tan Pingshan, Wu Yuzhang, Mao Zedong, and other comrades were all elected as members and alternate members of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang to assist Sun Yat-sen in reorganizing the Kuomintang and carrying out revolutionary activities centered on the anti-Beiyang warlords. After the "first congress" of the Kuomintang, the kuomintang executive departments were established in all major regions. The Shanghai Executive Department was headed by Hu Hanmin and Wang Jingwei, with Hu Hanmin as the head of the organization department and Mao Zedong as the secretary of the organization department. The Executive Department of the Northern Region was headed by Li Dazhao and Ding Weifen, which was located in Beijing, the center of the Beiyang warlord rule, and its office was located in the Soviet Embassy. The Beiyang warlord Zhang Zuolin opposed the activities of the "radical party" and arrested Li Dazhao and nine others in the Soviet Embassy. At that time, Ding Weifen was working in Guangzhou and was spared. Two of Ding Weifen's assistants, Zheng Jingqiu (Rizhao), and Lu Youyu (from Zhucheng County) were arrested at the same time. Comrades Zheng and Lu were hanged in Beijing in February 1927 at the same time as Comrade Li Dazhao. At the time of the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, the blood of the Communists and the blood of the progressive Kuomintang were shed together. Ding Weifen and Li Dazhao were both students of the Department of Political Science and Law at Waseda University in Japan, and Li Dazhao was one of the main founders of the Communist Party of China, and Ding Weifen was an elder of the Kuomintang. During the period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists, they worked together in the Northern Executive Department. Later, Comrade Li Dazhao was sacrificed, and Ding Weifen went to Taiwan.

(i)

In January 1924, after the first Kuomintang congress in Guangzhou, Ding Weifen returned to the Northern Executive Department of Beijing via Shanghai and stayed at the Yipinxiang Hotel on Xizang Road in Shanghai. When I went to see him at the hostel, I met Comrades Chen Weiren, Deng Zhongxia, Yun Daiying and other comrades who went to my uncle to discuss things. At that time, several of them were working in the executive department of the Shanghai Kuomintang. When they heard that I was Ding Weifen's nephew and that I was a young student studying at Tongji University, they deliberately approached and encouraged me to participate in revolutionary activities and encouraged me to organize and develop the Kuomintang at Tongji University. Chen Weiren introduced me to the Kuomintang, and Yun Daiying personally introduced me to the "S-Y" (Socialist Youth League). At that time, Yun Daiying was the propaganda director of the Central Committee of the Socialist Youth League. Inspired by Yun Daiying and Deng Zhongxia, I began to organize the Kuomintang Branch department of Tongji University, and the number of Kuomintang members soon grew from a few to more than forty. At that time, the office of the Executive Department of the Shanghai Kuomintang was located on Molière Road (the existing Xiangshan Road), and comrade Mao Zedong was often working. I have contacted Comrade Mao Zedong on many occasions to report on the organizational activities of the Kuomintang at Tongji University. When the Jiangwan Kuomintang Branch Department in Shanghai was established, Comrade Mao Zedong personally attended the inaugural meeting and proposed that I serve as a member of the Branch Department. Comrade Mao Zedong was not yet thirty years old at the time, and the impression I was that I was very attentive in my work and reading, and sometimes I went to report to work and stood by his side for a long time, and he was still immersed in work or reading without noticing me. After the Kuomintang of Tongji University became active, Comrade Deng Zhongxia, who was engaged in the work of the labor movement at that time, used the Association for the Promotion of Civilian Education at that time to run a workers' night school (then called a civilian school) in the workers' areas near Tongji University and in the Jiangwan area. Deng Zhongxia and Yun Daiying also helped me run several workers' night schools in Wusong Town, teaching workers and their families to read and write, reaching 100 to 200 people. Through the relations between the workers and their families, Comrade Deng Zhongxia carried out the workers' movement in the factories around Wusong zhanghuabang, and I developed the Kuomintang organization in the school: in the second half of the same year, the work of the Kuomintang's Northern Executive Department was also carried out. Shandong's party affairs are under the leadership of the Northern Executive Department. Since my uncle was one of the leaders of the Northern Executive Department, my identity and social relations were conducive to carrying out the work in Shandong. Therefore, the leaders of the Shandong Communist Party, Wang Gemei, Deng Enming, Wang Xiangqian, and others, wrote to me, desperately hoping that I would return to Shandong to work (at this time, I was no longer studying, just engaging in party affairs). Because when I was studying at Tongji University, I had a personal relationship with the party and group organizations in Shandong, and after receiving the letter, I asked the leadership for instructions, and handed over the organizational relations of the Communist Youth League of Tongji University to my cousin Comrade Yin Jingyi (Comrade Yin Jingyi later died in the "May 30" Movement), introduced Yin to Meet with Comrade Yun Daiying, took over, and handed over the work of the Kuomintang to Zhao Lin, a member of the Kuomintang, and I left Shanghai and returned to Shandong.

In the second half of 1942, before I arrived in Jinan, the Kuomintang Jinan Municipal Party Department had been established. When the Kuomintang Municipal Party Department was established, the Party organization already knew that I was about to return to Shandong, so it used the organizational relationship to elect me as the secretary of the Municipal Party Department (the head of the Party organization was the secretary, and the Kuomintang was called the secretary at that time). I actually served as the secretary of the municipal party department as "S-Y", Ming Shaohua assisted me in my work, and I lived in my aunt's house in Jinan.

The Provisional Provincial Party Department of Shandong was formally established in April 1925 (April 14, 1925). Due to the different development work of the grass-roots party departments, the first congress of the Kuomintang in Shandong Province was postponed to July 10, 1925. Ding Weifen represented the Kuomintang's Northern Executive Department at the inaugural meeting, which elected the executive members and alternate executive members of the provincial party department.

The executive members of the provincial party department are: Wang Leping (a native of Zhucheng County, Shandong Province, who is the main responsible person of the provincial party department), Deng Enming (a student of a middle school in Guizhou, Jinan, a communist), Yan Bozhen (a communist), Ding Junyang (a member of the Socialist Youth League), Fan Yusui, Yan Rongde, Lu Minyan (zi Guanghao), Wang Zizhuang, and Cai Zisheng.

Alternate Executive Committee Members: Wang Shenglin, Wang Wei (Wang Xiangqian's daughter, Communist Party member), Wang Yongzhang (Communist Party member), Cui Weiwu.

After the establishment of the Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang, I served as the head of the Organization Department and a standing committee member of the Provincial Party Department. During the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, the activities of the Kuomintang kept some things secret from the warlord Zhang Zongchang, and some things could be legally carried out, such as celebrating the Double Tenth Day and mourning the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. At that time, the work of party affairs was basically open between the Kuomintang and the Communists. In order to prepare for the Northern Expedition, they secretly organized and mobilized progressive young people to guangzhou and Wuhan to join the Huangpu Military Academy or the National Revolutionary Army to participate in the Northern Expedition, and also secretly introduced Communist Party members and youth league members from various schools in Jinan to study at Sun Yat-sen University in the Soviet Union to train party cadres. The Shandong party has more people studying in the Soviet Union. These activities are very confidential, because if they are not careful, they will be killed when they are discovered by the warlord spies, and the young people who are sent out cannot tell their relatives and friends at will.

At this time, the workers' movement also developed greatly. Under the direct organization and leadership of Comrade Deng Enming, the workers of the spinning mills in Qingdao and the railway workers of the four sides carried out a general strike of tens of thousands of people against the exploitation and oppression of Japanese imperialism. This was an earlier and larger workers' movement launched in Shandong Province. The time was before the "May 30" massacre in Shanghai.

In the first half of 1927, I twice went to Wuhan on behalf of the provincial party department to report on the contact work. The first time was before the ning-Han split, when the Kuomintang side sought out Wang Jingwei's nephew Chen Chunpu and reported to Comrade Zhou Enlai at the same time. The second time was after the split of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, I went with Chen Yunxuan, passing through Nanjing when I returned by boat from Wuhan, Chen Yunxuan secretly disembarked in Nanjing alone, and went to Chiang Kai-shek to pull relations, Chen Yunxuan had already exposed his rightist face at this time.

After the split of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China, the Shandong Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang at the time of the Kuomintang-Communist cooperation also disintegrated. Chen Yunxuan and others defected to the Provincial Kuomintang Party Headquarters headed by Zhang Weicun, which was led and controlled by Chiang Kai-shek's Nanjing government. Since then, the work of the Communist Party has gone completely underground.

(ii)

I officially joined the Communist Party in the summer of 1926, and during the period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party before joining the Party, I also attended relevant meetings of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee. Before the split between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, I mainly worked as an executive member of the Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang. At that time, the antagonists of both the Kuomintang and the Communists were the Beiyang warlords, and the program was to follow Dr. Sun Yat-sen's three major policies of "uniting with Russia, uniting with the Communist Party, and supporting peasants and workers," with slogans of "Down with imperialism" and "Down with warlords." With regard to the leading members of the Communist Party of Shandong Province, before March and April 1929, the general situation as I know is as follows. After Comrades Wang Gemei and Deng Enming attended the First Congress of the Communist Party of China, they began to set up a branch in Shandong, and the leader was Comrade Wang Gemei. After the "First Congress" of the CPC, the "Secretariat of the National Labor Organization" was established in Shanghai (later moved to Beijing), mainly to engage in the workers' movement. Shandong set up a "Labor Union Secretary Branch", with Comrade Wang Gemei as the director, to organize the workers' movement along the Jiaoji Railway. Later, Wang Dumei was transferred to the headquarters of the Beijing Labor Union, and the work in Shandong was taken care of by Deng Enming, Wang Xiangqian (a teacher at the First Middle School) and other comrades.

Shandong Province began in 1924 when the central government sent Yin Kuan (a work-study student studying in France) to Shandong to form a provincial party committee, and I do not remember in detail the composition of the previous provincial party committees.

I. The secretary of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee of Yin Kuan was Yin Kuan (who became a Trotskyist after the Great Revolution), and the members of the committee included Wang Gemei, Deng Enming, Wang Xiangqian, liu Juncai, and so on. The address of the provincial party committee is in a single courtyard in Xiguan, Jinan, where Comrade Wang Wei often lives, and the specific location is not clear.

Second, Zhang Kun's first provincial party committee. The secretary was Zhang Kundi (a native of Hubei, who was said to have died in the Soviet region), and the committee members included Song Boxing (a native of Weixian County, Shandong), Wang Lanying, Liu Juncai (Zijiu), and others. The office address is not far from the outside of the Puli Gate in Xiguan, Jinan, in a very untidy stone road alley turning north, on a small building on the west side of the road. If there were no major changes, I would still be able to find this address.

3. Wu Fang's Provincial Party Committee: The secretary is Wu Fang (from Anhui Province), and the addresses of the members and the provincial party committee organs have been forgotten.

Fourth, Deng Enming's provincial party committee: Secretary Deng Enming, Organization Director Ding Junyang, Propaganda Minister and Secretary General Wang Yuanchang, the rest of the committee members have not been able to remember clearly. The office is located in Nanguan, Jinan, in the east room of a high-rise house, and Hou Yuqing is a female comrade living in the organ.

V. Lu Futan Provincial Party Committee: The secretary is Lu Futan (a native of Zibo, Shandong, born as a miner, who later defected), Ding Junyang, director of the organization department, and Fu Shutang, a member of the committee (Fu later acted as secretary). This provincial party committee lasted from about 1928 to ... The spring of 929 was the period when the brothers Wang Yongzhang and Wang Fuyuan defected and surrendered to the Kuomintang, and also when Deng Enming and others were betrayed and arrested by the second king. Lu Futan, Liu Juncai, and others were successively transferred to the central authorities, and then Fu Shutang was also transferred out of Shandong, and the provincial party committee was only maintained by Ding Junyang alone, and Li Jingquan assisted in the work, and the address was at the home of Comrade Li Jingquan in Xiguan, Jinan. At the stage of Acting Secretary of Fu Shutang, the office address of the provincial party committee has been moved to a village in the western suburbs of Jinan. I could not work in Shandong because of the tracking of the traitor Erwang, and in March 1929, the central government transferred me to leave Shandong for the central government. He lived in the central government of Shanghai for two or three months, and in June of the same year, he was sent to the northeast to serve as the director of the organization department of the Manchurian provincial party committee, and comrade Liu Shaoqi was appointed secretary at that time.

When I returned to Shandong at the end of 1924, the Shandong Provincial Party Committee had already been established, and the central government had appointed Yin Kuan as the secretary of the provincial party committee, and the members were Wang Gemei, Deng Enming, Wang Xiangqian, and Liu Juncai. But I don't remember Sun Xiufeng and Wang Yongzhang.

Before 1929, the secretaries of the provincial party committees of Shandong Province were roughly as follows. The first session; Guan Xiangying.

Second; Lin Li Zhou (later rebellion).

　　The third session: Sun Xiangpeng.

　　The fourth gu zuolin (from Jiading County, Shanghai).

Since the second half of 1924, I have been the secretary of the Kuomintang Party Department in Jinan City, and after the split of the Communist Party of China, I have served as the director of the organization department of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee of the Cpc, and often go to schools and factories to contact work and convey the instructions of the provincial party committee. In order to facilitate my work, from 1926 to 1927, I also studied for another year in the College of Arts and Sciences of Qilu University. Therefore, I also know more about the early party organizations in Jinan's major and middle schools and factories. Under the brutal rule of the warlord Zhang Zongchang, young students became more quickly conscious, and almost all schools above the middle school level in Jinan City had a party, league branch or party, and league members were active.

The party branch of Jinan First Normal School was one of the stronger branches of the early party and had a glorious tradition of struggle. Comrade Wang Gemei, the main founder of the party organization in Shandong Province, was the earliest party member of the first division, and later Zhuang Longjia, Yang Yichen, Ma Shouyu, etc., were all the leaders of the early party of the school. The progressive activities led by the party in the school have been basically uninterrupted for decades, and many leading cadres of the party have emerged. When I was the head of the organization department, I had a lot of contact with Comrade Yang Yichen.

The CCP members of Qilu University include Zhang Tongjun, Cao Zhongzhi, Liu Peixu, etc., and the secretary is Zhang Tongjun.

Party members of Jinan No. 1 Middle School include Deng Enming, Wang Xiangqian, Song Yaoting, Zhang Haoran, Ma Futang and so on.

Jinan women's teachers include Wang Yan, Niu Shuqin, Hou Yulan, Zhu Xiurong, Yu Peizhen and so on. 、

Jinan Girls' High School includes Wang Lanying and Qin Manyun. Jinan Industry Seminar all Song Boxing, Zhang Hongli and so on. Jinan Industrial School includes Qin Maoxuan, Zheng Ziyu and so on. Zhengyi Middle School has Zhu Xiao, Li Chunrong and so on.

Jinan Commercial College has Jia Shiting and so on.

This is the case with the party members in Jinan who are engaged in the labor movement in the factories.

Metro Arsenal 1926 to... In 19927, there was a party branch, and the party members included Xu Baoduo, who organized strikes, but did not form a major movement.

The party members of Lufeng Spinning Factory included Zhu Xigeng and Wuzhuting, and there were party branches, and Wuzhuting later went to Zichuan Coal Mine to do labor movement work.

The more influential trade union in Jinan at that time was the Barber Trade Union, which was the earliest trade union, and its leader was Gao Yongqing, a member of the Communist Party.

There was Li Baochen in the Jinpu Dachang Trade Union, who was a member of the Communist Party, and the jinpu Dachang Party branch was established from 1925 to 1926.

Among the early party members of the printing workers, there were Fang Hongjun and Wang Yongzhang. At Jiaoji Road Station, there are Wang Chenting and so on.

At that time, the party organization was still very small. The Establishment of the Jinan Federation of Trade Unions was established under such circumstances that a few Party comrades, in contact with a part of the masses, elected deputies, and held a meeting to set up in order to enable the workers' movement to develop better. At that time, the establishment of the Jinan Federation of Trade Unions did not have a formal grass-roots organization. I don't know the exact time of the establishment of the Jinan Federation of Trade Unions, but I went to the Soviet Union for a meeting at that time, and I was not in Jinan from June to November 28.

The labor movement in Weixian is also more active. Weixian is an important city in the middle of the Jiaoji Line, with a relatively developed culture, nearby Fangzi coal mines, rich in yellow smoke in rural areas, and many tobacco company workers. Fangzi Coal Mine has a party branch, and many party members and league members have been developed among the teachers and students of the local Wenmei Girls Middle School, Weixian No. 3 Middle School, Guangwen Middle School and other schools. When the Kuomintang and the Communists cooperated, Weixian also had more Kuomintang members, second only to Jinan. Chen Shaomin and Dong Ailian were members of the Communist Youth League among the early Wenmei women. On behalf of the provincial party committee, I have visited Weixian County many times to learn about the development of the party's organization. In the Fangzi Coal Mine, I have a party branch, which is under the leadership of the party organization in Weixian County.

In the Zibo area, the area around Zichuan, Boshan and Zhangdian is the largest and earliest mining area in Shandong, and the workers are concentrated. When Comrade Wang Gemei led the "Branch of the Secretary of the Labor Union", he set up civilian schools in the area to spread new ideas among the workers. When the Kuomintang and the Communists cooperated, Zibo set up a special party department with dozens of party members. After the split of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the provincial party committee of Deng Enming was reorganized, and I went to work in the Zibo area for nearly half a year. The Zibo area is large, and although the workers are concentrated, they are far from the big cities. The workers' lives are extremely hard, the labor is extremely heavy, and when I was here, around the Spring Festival, the workers had to work overtime to earn money to support their families, and it was very difficult to call a meeting of the workers. Workers in the Zibo area are divided into internal workers and foreign workers, and the internal workers are fixed and skilled workers who operate machines, mostly working on the ground. The laymen are underground workers, all of whom operate underground. I set up a branch in Hongshan with a Lubei worker (whose name has been forgotten). In Pujiazhuang (about 200 to 300 households) where there are many migrant workers, there is a large ancestral hall of Pu Songling, and I have established a foreign workers' branch by connecting a worker surnamed Pu (whose name is forgotten, it is said that he is a descendant of Pu Songling) and a middle school student surnamed Zhai. After I was transferred, the development of the organization was not clear. I remember that among the deputies to the "Sixth National Congress" of the Central Committee, there was a worker in Zibo in the Shandong delegation, who only remembered the surname Song, a one-word name, and this comrade was earlier than Lu Futan and was a Li worker.

In Qingdao City. Among the mill workers, the railway workers, and the postal workers there were branches of Communists, and I had been in contact with them many times. I remember that the postal workers Li Xishan and Xu Zixing were party members, and another worker, Wang Quanren, was also a party member. In April and May 2925, an anti-Japanese strike was launched against the workers of the spinning mill and the railway workers, and Comrades Li Weinong, secretary of the party branch of the Sifang Machine Factory of the CPC, and other comrades were killed by Zhang Zongchang. Zhang Zongchang was a murderous demon king who did not blink, and at that time there were sayings of "cutting open the bright and bright" (cutting the head as a watermelon) and "listening to the phone" (hanging the head on the wire), which shows the degree of brutality. Nevertheless, the local party in Shandong continued to organize various forms of struggle, dealing a great blow to the warlords and Japanese imperialism.

Judging from the development of the party in the early days of Shandong, the law of activity is also to first spread progressive ideas among intellectuals and young students, especially the poor students who are studying teacher training, who accept the fastest and have more active activities, and then they will connect with the workers and peasants and constantly expand the revolutionary forces. This is caused by the historical conditions of the backwardness of our industry and the lack of culture among workers and peasants.

(iii)

In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup, and then Wang Jingwei, the confluence of Ninghan and Han, also fell to Chiang Kai-shek's side, and the Chinese revolution showed a low tide. The Party Central Committee held two congresses in a year's time to try its best to reverse the difficult situation after Chiang Kai-shek's defection. Due to the suddenness of the events, the revolutionary forces were in urgent need of regroupment, and the Party Central Committee decided to convene the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of China in Moscow in July 1928. After receiving the notice from the CPC Central Committee, the CPC Shandong Provincial CPC Committee immediately convened a meeting of the provincial party committee and sent representatives to Moscow to attend the "Sixth CPC Congress."

At that time, the acting secretary of the provincial party committee was Comrade Fu Shutang, and the secretary of the Communist Youth League Committee was Comrade Gu Zuolin. The plan for the composition of Shandong Province's deputies attending the "Sixth National Congress" was put forward and adopted by Comrade Gu Zuolin at the meeting. The provincial party committee decided that I would be the head of the delegation to the "Sixth Congress", and a miner in the Zibo mining area was a representative of the workers (name forgotten), and another young peasant (whose name was forgotten) formed a three-person delegation as a representative of the peasants and youth.

The delegation departed from Jinan in late May 1928, first went to Shanghai to find the Party Central Committee to connect with each other, received the travel expenses, and then took a steamship to Dalian. At that time, the Japanese were already aware that Comrade Zhou Enlai had been detained by the Japanese in Dalian for several hours. I was in Dalian with the help of my teacher Li Zhonggang (who was a Japanese translator) to buy a train ticket from Dalian to Harbin, where the comrade in charge of transportation affairs underground bought a train ticket to Manchuria on our behalf and gave us the contact code. When we got to Manchuria, we saw a Soviet carriage parked outside the station, with a long feather duster in front of the carriage, and we immediately got into the carriage, and the Soviets picked up the carriage and ran. Walking to a bridge near the border, the border guard asked us where we were going, and we replied: "To Guangxin Company", and let us cross the bridge. As soon as the bridge was turned, there was a national border sign, and the Soviets rushed to the outside of the country in a carriage, and more than a hundred meters out of the border, we were greeted by Soviet border guards, took a short rest at the post, ate a little food, and then came to the railway station and continued to Moscow by train.

We left in May and it was summer in Moscow. The meeting was held in July, with 60 to 70 delegates from all over the country, in an old building on the outskirts of Moscow. There was a large room for meetings of sixty or seventy people: the male and female representatives lived in several other houses. Some students of Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow assist in the secretarial work of the conference. My lover, Yu Peizhen, was studying at at the China University at the time, and also assisted in secretarial work, living with deng Yingchao and other female comrades.

At that time, many leaders of the central authorities, such as Zhou Enlai, Li Lisan, Qu Qiubai, Su Zhaozheng, Xiang Zhongfa, and Guan Xiangying, attended the meeting. The Third International sent Bukharin to guide. When Bukharin spoke, Wang Ming acted as an interpreter. Finally, the central leadership was elected. Comrade Deng Yingchao talked with the Shandong delegation because I am a student of Nankai Middle School and know each other.

At this congress, Bukharin stressed in his speech that the reason for the failure of the Chinese revolution was the leadership of the majority of intellectuals and the lack of workers and peasants. After the "Sixth National Congress," Wang Ming came to power, rejected revolutionary intellectuals, and pursued the ultra-left line, which had something to do with this meeting.

After the meeting of the "Sixth National Congress," the Third International held six international congresses, and I attended this meeting as the head of the Shandong delegation. At the International Sixth Congress, I saw Thalmann, the leader of the German Communist Party, and also saw Zeitkin, the founder of Women's Day, when Cai was very old and sitting on a trolley. The members of the Central Committee of the "Sixth National Congress" of the CPC also participated in the international "Sixth Congress.", and after the congress, everyone returned to China one after another

The route back to China did not pass through Manchuria, but returned from the eastern route via Chita-Vladivostok-Suifenhe. At that time, the Soviet Union was in the period of economic recovery after the Great Patriotic War, and life was also very difficult, there was little food for sale along the Siberian Railway, and only sorghum rice and corn mixed with corn on the train. Up the dry rice. We took a train from Moscow to Vladivostok, and were temporarily settled in a desolate mountain villa on the outskirts of Vladivostok to wait for the notice that someone had made us Chinese rice to eat. After waiting for a few days, contacting the departure time, I took the train to the direction of Suifenhe. After approaching the Chinese border, he got off the train and was led by a Soviet guide through the primeval forest for a whole night before approaching a small railway station on the Chinese border. Everyone was scattered in the woods and grass behind the station, and when the train was about to start, dozens of young men and women dressed in various costumes rushed together to the train that was about to start, and although the railway police had some doubts, the train was about to start, and they looked at us helplessly. Some of the students who returned to China together this time were students who studied at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, and my lover Yu Peizhen also returned to China with me this time. At that time, the female students all had short hair, looked very heroic, everyone was young, and the mood was very warm. In the moment of rushing to the train, the scene was very tense, one followed by one, the first to go up and pull the comrades behind them, everyone was extremely excited, and no one was left behind. At this time, someone had already bought us a ticket, got on the bus and sent it to an individual. Attending the "Sixth National Congress" of the COMMUNIST Party of China was a border that was sneaked across, and the tension still remains in my memory.

After I returned to China, I first went to Qingdao by steamship from Dalian, and conveyed the spirit of the "Six Congresses" to Comrade Wu Huguang, then secretary of the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee at that time, and then returned to Jinan.

I returned to Jinan around October 1928 after attending the Sixth Congress. At this time, the work became more difficult, and I lived in comrade Li Jingquan's house. Li Jingquan was a worker who was expelled in May 1925 after the failure of the third strike struggle in Qingdao. Li Jingquan fled to Jinan with Si Mingzhang and others and insisted on working for the party. During my time in Jinan, Li Jingquan's life has been difficult. Si Mingzhang was a man with a very flexible body, and during the strike struggle in Qingdao, the factory was surrounded, and he once climbed over the fence of barbed wire and came out to deliver letters to the party organization. Because I have always been proud of the United Front work of the Kuomintang, I have a relatively large goal and a relatively open identity. At this time, I often found that the traitor king was stalking me with a chapter, but he had not yet attacked me. Wang Fuyuan's rebellion was also gradually exposed. Due to the rebellion of the Second King, Lu Futan and other provincial party leaders were transferred, and the work of the provincial party committee was paralyzed. Soon, the central authorities also transferred me to leave Jinan. After I received the notice from the central authorities, in order to get rid of Wang Yongzhang's tracking and surveillance of me, I first entrusted someone to buy a train ticket to Qingdao, and then, I ran directly to Wang Yongzhang's house, pretended not to know that he had defected, and expressed concern for Wang Yongzhang's family life. One of his little girls was very funny, and I said to her, I didn't bring you something to eat today, I really shouldn't have, and said that I would put a piece of money I had prepared into the child's hand, and I took advantage of the mood that the king could not pull down his face and could not immediately arrest me: after sitting for a while, I resigned. The little spy who was following me saw me enter the home of Wang Yongzhang, the leader of the Hunting Communists, and did not follow me. I threw off my tail and came out of the Wang family, and immediately went to the station to take a train to Qingdao to transfer to Shanghai. After I arrived in Shanghai, I met Zhang Kundi, Gu Zuolin and other comrades. Soon, Comrade Zhou Enlai sent me to the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee to assist Comrade Liu Shaoqi in his work.

Ding Jishi (1903~1988) was originally named Ding Luju, later renamed Ding Junyang and Ding Qun. A native of Dingjiaguanzhuang, Rizhao City. When he was a teenager, he studied with his uncle Ding Weifen in Qingdao, Tianjin and other places. In 1921, he was admitted to the preparatory civil engineering major of Shanghai Tongji Medical Engineering College. In 1924, through the introduction of Yun Daiying and Deng Zhongxia, he joined the Socialist Youth League. At the end of the year, he was sent back to Shandong by the party organization and served as the secretary of the party department of jinan city of the Kuomintang. He joined the Communist Party of China in the spring of 1925. In August, after the reorganization of the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, he divided the work of the United Front, the Communist Youth League, and students. In August 1925, he and Deng Enming initiated the establishment of the "Junior Rizhao Society", which organized more than 10 members such as An Zhe, Zheng Tianjiu, Mou Chunting (Chen Lei), Li Pingzhang, and other students in Rizhao to study Marxist-Leninist works and other progressive books and periodicals, discuss current affairs and politics, and participate in revolutionary activities led by party organizations. In the spring of 1926, He introduced An Zhe and Zheng Tianjiu to join the Communist Party. After the Northern Expedition conquered Wuchang, he supported the young people of Rizhao to go south to participate in the Northern Expedition. In the autumn of 1927, he was appointed head of the Organization Department of the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. In June of the following year, he led a Shandong delegation to Moscow to attend the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. When he returned, the Shandong Provincial Party Committee was destroyed by the enemy and could not work. Go to Shanghai according to the instructions of the Party Central Committee. In the spring of 1929, he was transferred to the head of the organization department of the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. He was arrested and imprisoned in April 1930. After the "September 18 Incident", he was rescued and released. After being released from prison, he went to Germany to study and has since left the party. After returning to China in 1938, he served as a national political suffragette and the director of the Construction Department of Shandong Province of the Kuomintang. During the "Cultural Revolution," Jiang Qing gave orders for arrest. He was rehabilitated in 1980 and enjoyed the treatment of senior intellectuals. He died in Shanghai in 1988.