In the course of the development of the Communist Party, there have been too many difficulties, especially in the arduous pioneering period of the Red Army, the number of victims is even more numerous, there is a senior commander and fighter also died in this period of thorny struggle, he was originally a Kuomintang officer who surrounded and suppressed the Red Army, and later abandoned the secret to throw ming to embark on the revolutionary road, after joining the party, he handed over all his savings to the party, leaving nothing behind, but on the road of leading the western expedition, he was decapitated by the enemy army, and he did not find the position of the head until 2015.
As the commander of the Ten Great Armies of the Red Army, if he lived to be awarded the medal, according to his merits, he was also a general at the lowest, and after his sacrifice, the Party Central Committee raised 600,000 yuan and allocated 50 acres of land to his family, he was Dong Zhentang, the commander of the Fifth Red Army.
Why did Dong Zhentang, who was a former Kuomintang officer, become a senior commander and fighter of the Red Army? Whose hand did he, who had been greatly praised by Chairman Mao, die a tragic death? Let Brother Leng take you to find out today.
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<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="13" > teenager determined to serve the country and mistakenly fell into the trap of the old Jiang Gang</h1>
During the period of the Agrarian Revolutionary War, with the continuous growth of the ranks of the Red Army, the people's army successively set up ten corps, and the commanders of the ten major regiments were all brave and good at fighting and had outstanding meritorious achievements, and the regimental commanders who lived to the rank of 1955, Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Lin Biao, and He Long were all marshals, Xu Haidong was a general, Xiao Ke, who was not very outstanding in battle, was also awarded the rank of general, and Dong Zhentang was the commander of the Red Fifth Army at that time.
The Fifth Red Army was known as the "Iron Stream Rear Guard" at that time, and the chairman praised the commander Dong Zhentang as a "constant victorious general", because he did not hold the post-rear mission at the front, and if he did not sacrifice, he would continue to make outstanding contributions to the cause of The Chinese revolution.
Dong Zhentang
In 1985, Dong Zhentang was born in Xinhe County, Hebei Province, "since the ancient Yan Zhao Duo generous and sad people", Xinhe County since ancient times many disasters, but the people's customs are indomitable and strong, Dong Zhentang from childhood to follow his father to learn martial arts, although the family is poor, but the study is very hard, but also can write a good hand, just when there was a huge change in the land of China, Dong Zhentang abandoned his pen and decided to study the military to seek the road to save the country.
Compared with many Red Army generals with low education, Dong Zhentang had an excellent military education resume, he was born in the military school of Zheng'er Bajing, and was one of the best military schools at that time, "Baoding Army Officer School", Dong Zhentang who came to the school was not complacent, graduated with excellent results two years later, was taken under the command of Feng Yuxiang of the Northwest Army, because of good fighting, in just five years, Dong Zhentang was promoted from a probationary platoon leader to the commander of the 13th Division, during which he led a brigade to a great victory over the warlord Wu Peifu, who was directly subordinate to the warlord Wu Peifu in Fancheng. Later, he was appointed by Feng Yuxiang as the commander of the 30th Division and the commander of the Luoyang garrison.
Many people may wonder why Dong Zhentang, who was heavily influenced by the Kuomintang's military weapons, later joined the Communist Party. However, as early as the Northern Expedition, unlike the old Chiang Kai-shek who demonized the Communist Party, Feng Yuxiang invited Li Dazhao to send a group of outstanding Communist Party members to the army to carry out work, during which he propagated a lot of Communist Party ideas, and this cooperation, Dong Zhentang's thinking began to undergo some changes, which also laid a certain ideological foundation for him to join the Communist Party in the later period.
Dong Zhentang's Fifth Army
During the Great War of The Central Plains of Jiang Feng yan, Feng Yuxiang was defeated by Chiang Kai-shek, Dong Zhentang's troops were absorbed by Lao Jiang, and Dong Zhentang was also appointed as the brigade commander of the 73rd Brigade of the 25th Division of the 26th Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
Chiang Kai-shek triggered the Central Plains War
Shortly after the Great War in the Central Plains, the September 18 Incident broke out, the Northeast fell, the Crisis in North China, the generals of the 26th Army were mostly northerners, all eager to go north, one by one, the crowd was indignant, and sent a telegram to the commander-in-chief Sun Lianzhong to ask him to go north to defend his family and resist Japan, but the order he received was to continue to suppress the Communists, which caused Dong Zhentang to be highly dissatisfied, and the Red Army was a pro-Japanese at that time, Dong Zhentang was a poor man, and he also knew that the Red Army was a team that was the master of the vast number of workers and peasants in China, and at this time he had the idea of leading an uprising.
Dong Zhentang, who did not find an opportunity, could only follow the 26th Army to continue to suppress the communists in Jiangxi; at this time Chiang Kai-shek was playing a wishful thinking of "sitting on the mountain and watching the tiger fight.", and dong Zhentang's 25th Division was defeated miserably the first time it participated in the battle.
After that, Japan began to harass along the Great Wall in North China, Dong Zhentang was furious, although he was a warrior, but he also knew the great righteousness of the nation, his enthusiasm could not be used on the road to save the country, but became a tool for Chiang Kai-shek to maintain political power, he could not help but be more angry with the old Chiang.
Soldiers of the Kuomintang during the Civil War
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="52" > iron stream defender with outstanding merit</h1>
On December 14, 1931, the 26th Army, led by Chief of Staff Zhao Bosheng and Brigade Commander Dong Zhentang of the 73rd Brigade, led 17,000 officers and men to launch the "Ningdu Uprising" that shocked China and foreign countries, when the Red Army was only 60,000 people, and the weapons and equipment were also very rudimentary, and Dong Zhentang brought more than 20,000 pieces of military equipment from the Kuomintang army, after the reorganization of the Red Army, the number jumped to more than 70,000 people, and Dong Zhentang's 26th Army was also reorganized into the Red Fifth Army, with Ji Zhentong as the commander-in-chief and Dong Zhentang as the deputy commander. Later, with Chairman Mao's approval, Dong Zhentang became an honorable Communist Party member.
After joining the Communist Party, Dong Zhentang's thinking also underwent a greater change, because compared with the suppression of the 26th Army by the old Chiang Kai-shek, the Ccp paid great attention to his troops, and after joining the Party, he did not hesitate to give his personal savings of more than 3,000 yuan to the party organization for the development of the Red Army.
At the end of 1931, Ji Zhentong went to the Soviet Union to study military theory, Dong Zhentang took over as the commander of the Red 5Th Army, at this time the 36-year-old he became a military general with the same name as Peng Laozong and Lin Biao, and was also a well-known figure in the country.
In 1934, under the erroneous leadership of Bogu, Li De and others, the Fifth Anti-Encirclement and Suppression Campaign of the Red Army failed, and had to abandon the Central Revolutionary Base Area and begin the arduous Long March, in which the Red Army fought many arduous battles, of which the Battle of Xiangjiang was one of the more famous ones, on November 27, the Red First Army and the Third Red Army arrived along the Xiangjiang River, established defensive positions on both sides of the Xiangjiang River, and began to cross the river on the 30-kilometer front, but there were many old, weak, sick and disabled in the Red Army at that time. Like moving, it also carried a lot of debris and moved slowly.
Battle of the Xiang River
On the 29th, the Red Fifth Army also rushed to the positions along the Xiang River, and in order to ensure the safe crossing of the river by the main force of the Red Army and the central column, the Party Central Committee ordered the Red Fifth Army to garrison the rear to block the enemy's attack, and at least two days and two nights.
In many battles, because of the excessive number of casualties, the rivers along the Xiang River were dyed red, and after the Red Eighth Army successfully crossed the river, Dong Zhentang asked the chief of staff Liu Bocheng to lead people to go first, and after his own palace, he said that he was familiar with the terrain, and he could continue to resist with the troops, and when the time came to observe whether there were any brother troops who had not crossed the river.
In the process of covering the main force of the Red Army to cross the river, Chen Shuxiang, commander of the 34th Division of the Red Fifth Army, Chen Cuilin, political commissar of the division headquarters, and more than 5,000 soldiers were all killed, and the Red Fifth Army led by Dong Zhentang also became the benefactor of every soldier crossing the river because of its outstanding achievements, because more than 5,000 heroic martyrs were killed in battle on the banks of the Xiang River, and a folk song also began to be sung along the Xiang River: "I will not drink the water of the Xiang River for three years, and I will not eat the fish of the Xiang River for ten years", and the Red Fifth Army has also been named "Iron Stream Defender".
In January 1935, in the face of the oppression of the Kuomintang army, Dong Zhentang led the Red Fifth Army to deploy defenses in the southeast of Zunyi to block the pursuit and suppression of the Kuomintang army, and at this time the Party Central Committee held a meeting in Zunyi that changed the fate of the Party - the Zunyi Conference, which corrected the left-leaning erroneous line of Wang Mingbogu and others, affirmed Chairman Mao's strategic deployment, and also allowed Chairman Mao to return to the core leadership of the Party Central Committee.
One day in April 1935, when the Red Fifth Army was marching in the mountains of Guizhou, suddenly a female soldier was about to give birth, and the troops stopped, but when the military doctor and the accompanying nurse carried the female soldier into the thatched hut, the rear guard of the Red Fifth Army exchanged fire with the enemy army, and the enemy prepared to pounce from the rear. ”
After the troops had laid out their positions in situ for two hours, the child was born, and Dong Zhentang was relieved to hear a cry of "Wow", and immediately ordered the troops to continue to hurry. The female warrior walked weakly, and some of the soldiers around her stared at her angrily, feeling that the troops had delayed the march in order for her to have a child.
Dong Zhentang criticized these fighters, saying: "What are you staring at, what are we doing for the revolution?" Isn't our bloody sacrifice now so that future children can live happily ever after? Children are hope, and it is worth sacrificing more people for the sake of children. ”
During the Civil War, the Kuomintang used horse-drawn carriages to pull supplies
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="56" > shed the last drop of blood for the revolution</h1>
In the later forced crossing of the Jinsha River, Dong Zhentang and the Fifth Red Army held their defensive positions for nine days and nine nights, and the great blows under the battle consumed the enemy's living strength, and even more left a strong oath of "people in the position" in the sound of artillery fire.
The Red Fifth Army was later incorporated into the Red Fourth Front, climbed the snowy mountains and meadows, all the way north, and finally successfully met with the Red Second Front army to ganzi, in October 1936, the Party Central Committee gathered more than 20,000 people of the Red Army to prepare for the west crossing of the Yellow River to carry out the operational deployment of the Ningxia Campaign, in 1937, Dong Zhentang led the Red Fifth Army to capture the important town of Gaotai County in the Hexi Corridor, and the Ma Bufang department in the Northwest Majia Army had been unwilling to fail in Gaotai.
Our army was killed by Ma Bufang
At that moment, more than 20,000 large troops were gathered, mainly cavalry, and an artillery regiment was attached to launch a fierce attack on the Red Army, and more than 20,000 people were more than seven times that of the Gaotai Red Army at that time, and our side was short of supplies, and finally Dong Zhentang shouted: "People are in the position, vowing to coexist and die with Gaotai", in fact, at this time, the fight was only a stubborn resistance, while Dong Zhentang, who was iron-boned, fought to the end and did not take a step back.
Under the invincibility, Dong Zhentang's battle lasted for eight days and eight nights, and finally the high platform fell, Dong Yutang was wounded in the left leg, still commanding the battle, but more and more enemies surrounded him, after 10 hours of fierce street fighting, more than 3,000 Red Army troops except for a very few people through the cover of the masses to break through, the others were heroic sacrifices.
The true warrior dares to face the bleakness of life, dares to face the dripping blood, because he knows who he is fighting for! And know who you're dying for. When defending the city, Dong Zhentang thought that he would die, but he did not give in, and after leading the warriors to launch the last charge, he died heroically.
The Western Route Army stubbornly resisted
After Dong Zhentang's death, Ma Bufang saw that he was a senior commander and fighter of the Red Army, so he cut off his head and hung it on the city wall to show the public, tied his body to the gun port, Dong Zhentang's body was blown up in a cannon sound, and Dong Zhentang also shed the last drop of blood for the revolution, and he was only 42 years old when he died.
When this news came back to Yan'an, many people cried bitterly, and this western expedition also became one of the biggest losses of the Red Army in the early construction, and it has always been a piece of Chairman Mao's heart disease, Chairman Mao said emotionally at Dong Zhentang's memorial service: "The road knows the horsepower, and it has been seeing the hearts of the people for a long time, and Dong Zhentang is a good comrade with extraordinary revolutionary will." ”
Since at that time, the central authorities had just arrived in Yan'an, many things had not been handled well, and dong Zhentang's family had not been contacted for the first time; after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Dong Zhentang's family went to Anhui to escape the chaos of war, and the Party Central Committee could not find his family until 1946, when the Jinji-Hebei Luyu base area learned of Dong Zhentang's family and took them to the good care of the headquarters, and after learning that they had a very difficult life, they were placed in the relatively stable southern Hebei region.
Later, with Chairman Mao's approval, the Ji'nan Military Region arranged the best house for the Dong family, and the administrative office also specially allocated them 50 acres of land and sent 600,000 yuan of money.
After Dong Zhentang spent his whole life fighting horses and finding the revolutionary road, he unswervingly strengthened his ideals and convictions, and repeatedly protected the flames to be burned by the Red Army behind the palace, and it was precisely because of these flames that they also laid the foundation for the subsequent victory of the revolution, because many comrades who walked the Long March road later became the backbone of our party's revolution.
Just as General Dong said at that time, these ancestors shed blood and sweat in order to let our descendants live a stable life, and as future generations, what we can do is not forget history, follow the footsteps of the revolutionary ancestors, and strive for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
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