Draft: Li Han
In 1949, the standing committee members of the Preparatory Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference took a group photo. First row from left: Tan Pingshan, Zhang Bojun, Zhu De, Mao Zedong, Shen Junru, Li Jishen, Chen Jiageng, Shen Yanbing; Second row: Huang Yanpei, Ma Yinchu, Chen Shutong, Guo Moruo, Cai Tingkai, Ulanfu; Third row: Zhou Enlai, Lin Boqu, Cai Chang, Zhang Xiruo, Ma Sulun, Li Lisan. Courtesy of People's Vision
On June 21, the Beijing Patriotic Education Base of Yishoutang in Beijing was officially unveiled, and the Summer Palace announced three "red tour routes" with different characteristics. Courtesy of People's Vision
When the Party Central Committee left Xibaipo that year, Comrade Mao Zedong said that he was "going to Beijing to catch the examination." More than 60 years have passed, we have made tremendous progress, Chinese people have stood up and become rich, but the challenges and problems we face are still severe and complicated.
——Xi Jinping's speech on July 11, 2013 in Xibaipo, Hebei Province
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Editor's Note "Catching up with the examination" is a metaphor played by Comrade Mao Zedong before the CPC Central Committee entered Beijing in 1949. Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has mentioned this metaphor many times and emphasized: "The times are the people who produce the papers, we are the answerers, and the people are the people who read the papers." On July 1 this year, at the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping pointed out: "Now, the Communist Party of China has united and led the Chinese people to embark on a new road to achieve the second centenary goal. "The new catch-up examination has begun, and this newspaper has published this article in a special issue to relive the first day of "entering Beijing to catch the examination" . The test of the CPC's long-term ruling power, reform and opening up, market economy, and external environment is long-term and complex, and this requires us to answer every question of the times with the spirit of "catching up with the test."
On the morning of March 23, 1949, Xibaipo, spring breeze and willows.
Mao Zedong led the central organs of the Cpc Central Committee and the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army to the ancient capital of Beiping. Before getting on the bus, Mao Zedong said to Zhou En: "Today is the day to enter Beijing, and I will rush to Beijing to take the exam." ”
Zhou Enlai smiled and said, "We should all pass the exam and not return." ”
Mao Zedong said: "If you retreat, you will fail." We should never let Li Zicheng, we all hope to get good results in the exam. ”
After 28 years of bloody struggle, the revolution is close to success, and the establishment of a regime in which the people are the masters of their own affairs is just around the corner. At this moment, this conversation between Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai is worth playing.
In Mao Zhou's "Catching up with the examination", two allusions are used.
One is "entering Beijing to catch the exam." "Entering Beijing to catch the examination" is a word in the era of the imperial examination. In 1905, China abolished the imperial examination, and after more than 1200 years, the term "entering Beijing to catch the examination" was abandoned. More than 40 years after the term was discarded, Mao Zedong called the test of the Communist Party's accession to Beijing as "entering Beijing to catch the examination." A nearly dead word, lit up by Mao's wand, brought back to life. Mao Zedong pondered the question of how to "govern" after the success of the revolution and how to "get good grades in the examination" in "entering Beijing to catch up with the examination."
Another allusion is "Never let Li Zicheng" be done. In the last year of the Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng led the peasant rebel army to fight hard for 18 Spring and Autumn Festivals, and in 1644, he conquered the world and entered Beijing to become emperor. After the rebel army entered the city of Beijing, it spent days drinking and indulging in enjoyment, Li Zicheng's ass had not yet warmed the dragon chair in the palace, and after sitting in the world for only 42 days, he lost the country, left Beijing in a hurry, and was chased and killed all the way until it was destroyed. Mao Zedong believed that Li Zicheng had "passed the examination" and smashed it. Mao Zedong used the example of Li Zicheng many times to warn all comrades in the party, "Take this as a warning, do not repeat the mistake of pride in victory", "be careful, do not get hit by the bourgeois sugar-coated shells, do not be Li Zicheng."
On the way to Beiping, Mao Zedong met Liu Yalou, chief of staff of the "Four Wilds" in Zhuo County. Mao Zedong said: "Liu Yalou, whom we have not seen in ten years, has come to pick us up in Beijing to catch the examination." Liu Yalou did not react for a while, after all, the word "entering Beijing to catch the examination" was too "old". Zhou Enlai, who was beside him, hurriedly explained, and Liu Yalou listened to it and said with a smile: "Our Communist Party will definitely be able to achieve good results in the examination." ”
Mao Zedong used the old phrase "entering Beijing to catch up with the examination" to remind the revolutionaries who were about to win victory and build a new China.
What does "enterIng Beijing" mean? That is, from fighting in the country to sitting on the country, from "in the opposition" to "in the DPRK," from a revolutionary party to a ruling party. What does "catch the exam" mean? It's about taking the exam. The examination hall of the examination is 9.6 million square kilometers of Chinese land; the examiner of the examination room is Chinese the people; the content of the examination, the general topic is how to govern? How to serve the people?
Mao Zedong took the proposition of "catching up with the examination" and opened up a powerful procedure for the CPC's great cause of thousands of years.
The first stop in Beijing: the Summer Palace
On the morning of March 25, Mao Zedong's train slowly stopped at Qinghuayuan Station in Beiping.
There was no welcome ceremony, no crowds of people greeted in the middle of the road. According to Mao Zedong's secretary Ye Zilong, the personnel concerned had prepared to organize a grand welcome ceremony and a grand celebration meeting when the Party Central Committee entered the city, but Mao Zedong repudiated it (Ye Zilong's Memoirs, Central Literature Publishing House, 2000 edition).
The station is bustling and bustling as usual. No one noticed that the top leaders of the CPC Central Committee and his party quietly entered Beijing from here. Mao Zedong got off the train, took a car instead, and went directly to the Summer Palace.
The Summer Palace, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, was completed in the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750). In 1860, Qingyi Garden was burned down by the British and French forces. In the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1888), it was rebuilt and renamed the Summer Palace. In 1900, the Summer Palace was looted by the Eight-Power Alliance, and the treasures in the garden were looted. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the Summer Palace was not well protected during the warlord wars and the rule of the Kuomintang, and the garden was gradually dilapidated. After the Lugou Bridge Incident, the management of the Summer Palace was lax and the garden was abandoned. During this period, in order to solve the problem of insufficient management funds, many houses in the Summer Palace were rented out. Yuan Shikai's eldest son, Yuan Keding, rented Tsinghua Xuan since the Lugou Bridge Incident in 1937 and has lived there for 12 years. On January 31, 1949, the Chinese the first part of the Fourth Field Army of the People's Liberation Army entered Peiping City and took over the defense, and at the same time took over the Summer Palace. There is a Jingfu Pavilion on the eastern slope of the Summer Palace. In February 1949, Ye Jianying, Li Kenong and others held negotiations with Fu Zuoyi for the peaceful liberation of Peiping.
After Mao Zedong entered the Summer Palace, he offered to take a walk.
In late March, the garden is bright in spring, with blue waves, willows and greenery, and some birds chirping in the forest. The occurrence of spring dissolved the dilapidated scene of the Summer Palace.
Mao Zedong walked along the gallery to Kunming Lake. As he walked, he suddenly stopped and asked, "Why are there no tourists in the park?" At this time, the vast park was empty, and there was not a single tourist.
A comrade from the Central Ministry of Social Affairs replied: "For the safety of the chief, the park is not open today. ”
Peiping has just been peacefully liberated, social order is very complicated, there are many Kuomintang agents lurking, and cold guns often occur in the streets. In order to ensure the safety of the leaders, Minister of Social Affairs Li Kenong cleaned up the tourists in the Summer Palace in advance. It was at this time that Yuan Keding was cleared out of the Summer Palace Qinghuaxuan, and it is said that when he left the garden, he could not afford to pay the rent owed, so he had to use the treasures of his collection as collateral.
Mao Zedong was very unhappy when he heard that the tourists were being driven away for safety. He said: "The park is not a private park, there is no tourist like what it looks like. Well, no more swimming! No more swimming! ”
This is an account in the Memoirs of Ye Zilong. There is another version of the scene on this day, Li Yinqiao, the chief defender of Mao Zedong, in the book "Fifteen Years of Working with Mao Zedong" (Hebei People's Publishing House, 1991 edition), which says that Mao Zedong lost his temper -
When the staff explained that it was for safety to clean up the tourists, Mao Zedong shouted: "Are you stupid!" You drained the water completely, what else do you say about safety with that fish? You'll die there safely, starve there!" ”
From the beginning of Jinggangshan, Mao Zedong compared the relationship between the Communist Party of China and the masses of the people and the relationship between the people's army and the masses of the people to the "relationship between fish and water." He said: "Losing the masses is like a fish losing water. "If our Party does not have the people, it is equivalent to the absence of water, and there is no necessary condition for survival." He also said: "The people's army and the people cannot be separated from each other. ”
The Communist Party of China is a party whose purpose is to serve the people and places the people in a supreme position. Mao Zedong had a strong mass viewpoint and people's consciousness, and he stressed that "going to Beijing to catch up with the examinations, the "examiners" of the "examination halls" are the masses of the people, and those who "read the examination papers" are also the masses of the people. So when he saw that there were no tourists and no people in the park, he was very unhappy and did not visit the park.
The staff led Mao Zedong to the Yishou Hall to rest.
Located in the upper part of the Summer Palace, halfway up the mountainside of Wanshou Mountain, next to Jingfu Pavilion, YishouTang is a traditional residential style building in northern China. It was built during the Guangxu Period and was a place where Empress Dowager Cixi dined, changed clothes and rested when she visited Jingfu Pavilion.
Why did you choose Yishoutang as a foothold for Mao Zedong to enter the Summer Palace? Ye Jianying, Li Kenong, and others held peace negotiations with Fu Zuoyi at Jingfu Pavilion and were relatively familiar with the terrain, social conditions, and enemy situation in this area; the independent courtyard of Yishoutang was relatively neat and clean, semi-hidden in the concave mountains and dense woods, which was conducive to secrecy and security work. Also, it is closer to Xiyuan Airport, where a military parade will take place in the afternoon.
First meal in Beijing: sesame cake
The room in the Yishou Hall was cold enough that there was not even a stove.
It was almost noon, and Mao Zedong said: Hungry, get some food.
Before Mao Zedong came to the Summer Palace, the staff came to the front station, but no one thought of eating lunch, no one prepared lunch.
When Ye Zilong heard Chairman Mao say that he was hungry, he hurriedly made a fire to cook. There was a coal stove in the next room, covered with dust, and it was obvious that there had been no fire for a long time. Ye Zilong in Yan'an and Xibaipo used wood stoves to cook, never seen this kind of iron coal stove, and did not know how to use it. He put the coal in first, then put the firewood on top of the coal, and then lit some waste paper on the wood... As a result, the house was full of black smoke, the face was black, and the fire was not lit.
Mao Zedong was just angry that he couldn't see the tourists, and now he saw that Ye Zilong and others couldn't even get a stove, and they couldn't drink a mouthful of hot water, so he lost his temper with Ye Zilong and said, "Why can't you even have a stove?" All dismissed! ”
When Ye Zilong saw that Chairman Mao was angry, he could not cook for a while, so he rushed out and ran to the stall outside the Summer Palace to buy a few sesame cakes and a few pieces of cooked meat. When he returned with the cooked food, the staff had already built the coal stove, the water had boiled, and the cold house had become warm. Ye Zilong hurriedly put the roast cake and cooked meat on the stove and roasted it.
Mao Zedong sat around the stove with several staff members, and he picked up a hot baked cake from the coal stove, broke it open, and without chopsticks, he grabbed a few pieces of meat and sandwiched it in the baked cake. At this time, Mao Zedong was happy. He said, "Zilong, you are very good at purchasing, this is the famous food in Beijing." When I was in Beijing 30 years ago, I used to eat it. ”
A burnt cake dissolves Mao's unhappiness and triggers Mao's memories of the past 30 years ago.
This is the second time Mao Zedong said "30 years ago" on the day of March 25. When he entered Beijing in the morning and saw the city wall of Peiping, he said with infinite feelings: "30 years ago, 30 years ago, I ran to seek the truth of saving the country and saving the people. Not bad, suffered a lot, met a very good person in Beiping, that is, Comrade Li Dazhao. It was with his help that I became a Marxist-Leninist. He is my true teacher, and without his guidance and teaching, I would not know where I am today. (Li Yinqiao: "Fifteen Years of Working with Mao Zedong")
Mao Zedong came to Beijing twice in 1918 and 1919. The first time he went to Beiping, for the first few days, he lived in the home of his teacher Yang Changji, living in a small house with the janitor, and soon he and a few classmates lived in a rented house in the Three Eyes Well. Mao Zedong once recalled to Edgar Snow: "My own life in Beiping was very difficult, I lived in a place called the Three Eyes Well, and I shared a room with 7 other people, and we were all crowded on the kang, and there was no place to breathe." Every time I turn over, I have to warn the people around me in advance. "The conditions of the stay were so harsh it was impossible to eat well. It is estimated that I can occasionally eat a baked cake and be impressed. In order to survive in Beiping, Mao Zedong asked Yang Changji for help, and Yang Changji wrote a letter to Li Dazhao, the director of the Peking University Library, who arranged for Mao Zedong to work in the library as a counselor, 8 oceans per month. Mao Zedong said: "My position is so low that people disdain to associate with me. One of my jobs was to register the names of people who came to the library to read the newspaper, but most of these people didn't take me seriously. Among these many names, I recognize several famous leaders of the New Culture Movement, people I admire very much. I'd love to talk to them about politics and culture, but they're all extremely busy people who don't have time to listen to a book manager with a Southern accent. What made Mao Zedong happy was that he got to know Li Dazhao and others here, and he could also meet Yang Kaihui, the daughter of Yang Changji's teacher.
At the end of 1919, Mao Zedong came to Beiping for the second time and lived in the ancient Fuyou Temple on Beichang Street. On an incense stick in fukuyo temple, he repeatedly read Marxist works such as the Communist Manifesto. Mao Zedong said to Snow: "The second time I went to Beiping, I read a lot about the Soviet Union, and at the same time I was enthusiastically looking for a little communist book that could be seen in China at that time. There are three books that are particularly imprinted in my mind and that have established my faith in Marxism, and once I accepted it as a correct interpretation of history, I have not wavered in the slightest. The three books are: The Communist Manifesto, the first Marxist book to be Chinese printed, Kautsky's Class Struggle and Giguber's History of Socialism. In the summer of 1920 I became a Marxist in theory and to some extent in action, and from then on I considered myself a Marxist. This time, he lived in Beiping for 4 months and established a romantic relationship with Yang Kaihui.
In the blink of an eye, 30 years later, Mao Zedong went from a scholar to a leader of the big party and the commander of the three armed forces; from a library manager who was not looked at by people, to a figure who attracted everyone's attention. The vicissitudes of the sea and the mulberry fields, so when Mao Zedong ate the baked cake around the coal stove, he was overwhelmed with emotion.
The first official event in Beijing: Xiyuan military parade
The first major event after the CPC Central Committee entered Beiping was the military parade at Xiyuan Airport.
Xiyuan Airport was built by the Japanese invading army in 1938 and put into use that year; after several years of follow-up construction, it was completed in November 1940. It was an important transportation hub for the Japanese invasion of China. The Japanese also built dozens of bunkers within a few kilometers of the airfield to be responsible for airport security. (Today, all these bunkers have been demolished, and only one remains, in Beiwu Park, west of the Summer Palace, which is the control bunker that extends northward from the high ground of the Xiyuan Airport take-off and landing runway, where a squad of Japanese troops lived.) On January 31, 1949, the People's Liberation Army entered Beiping, and Peiping was liberated. The People's Liberation Army immediately took over Xiyuan Airport.
At 3 p.m. on March 25, Zhou Enlai arrived from Xiyuan Airport, saying that it was ready there and asking the chairman to go to the military parade.
In order to organize this military parade well, Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, Nie Rongzhen, Peng Zhen, Ye Jianying, Liu Yalou, Cheng Zihua, and other party, government, and army chiefs specially studied it and decided that Liu Yalou, chief of staff of the Pingjin Frontline Command, would serve as the commander-in-chief. The units participating mainly included 3 heroic regiments of the Forty-first Army (Tashan Hero Regiment, Tashan Garrison Hero Regiment, baitaishan hero regiment) and cadres at or above the company level of the forty-first army guarding Peiping, as well as an infantry regiment, two artillery regiments and a tank battalion, as well as some heroic and exemplary representatives. Mao Zedong, who usually did not ask too much about specific affairs, particularly stressed about this military parade: "The entry of the Party Central Committee into Beiping is a major event, the political significance is very important, and it is the most meaningful thing in the history of the victory of the Party and the army, and it must be planned well." ”
The "Annals of Mao Zedong" records: At 5 p.m., Mao Zedong, Together with Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi, Lin Boqu, and others, met at the Beiping Airport with more than 1,000 deputies from all walks of life and democratic figures who came to welcome them, and inspected the troops by car.
This was Mao Zedong's first military parade in Beijing.
When Mao Zedong appeared at Xiyuan Airport, more than 10,000 workers, peasants, students and other representatives from all walks of life who were already waiting there immediately erupted into earth-shattering cheers. Mao Zedong shook hands with representatives from all walks of life. The military band played the majestic "March of the People's Liberation Army". 50 60 guns fired 500 flares, and as "salutes", the sky was suddenly brilliant.
The parade begins. Mao Zedong wore a military hat and a fur lapel cotton army coat and paraded the troops in an open-top jeep. The officers and men on parade shouted in unison: "Long live Chairman Mao!" Long live Commander-in-Chief Zhu! Mao Zedong sometimes waved in greeting, sometimes saluted the troops, and sometimes greeted the commanders and fighters: "Hello comrades! Comrades hard! Liu Yalou, commander-in-chief of the parade, accompanied Mao Zedong in the first car and briefed Mao Zedong from time to time on the situation of the troops under parade.
Mao Zedong saw the battle flag of the "Tashan Hero Regiment" fluttering in the wind and sighed: "This is the unit that fought in the Jinzhou Campaign!" The car slowly stopped, and Liu Yalou, who accompanied the review, introduced the origin of this unit and this battle flag. Mao Zedong stared at the blood-stained battle flag and saluted the battle flag.
At the end of the military parade, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Ren Bishi, and other leaders, accompanied by Ye Jianying and Peng Zhen, met with more than 160 leaders of various democratic parties and people's organizations who came to welcome them.
General Fu Zuoyi shook Mao Zedong's hand and said with emotion: "The square team is mighty and majestic, and its spirit is high. The People's Liberation Army is worthy of being an indestructible victorious division. ”
Among the democrats present at the meeting was Mr. Ma Sulun, the principal founder and first president of the China Association for the Promotion of Democracy. He once expressed his opinion that the Chinese Communist Party has its own army, and once advocated that "the Communist Party does not have to be an army." On June 23, 1946, when the Shanghai People's Peace Petition Delegation headed by Ma Sulun and Lei Jieqiong went to the Nanjing National Government to make a peaceful petition, it was attacked by agents at the Xiaguan Railway Station, and Ma Sulun and others were seriously injured, known in history as the "Shimonoseki Incident". The incident made democrats see more clearly the truth about the Nationalist government's insistence on civil war, and Ma Sulun told Zhou En: "China's hopes can only be pinned on you." In the past, I always advised you to ask for fewer soldiers and less guns and ammunition, but it seems that your soldiers cannot be one less, one less gun, and no less bullet. Through his own personal experience, Ma Sulun realized the importance of the Chinese Communist Party leading the people's army. Therefore, he was invited to participate in the Xiyuan military parade, which has a lot of meaning.
When Mao Zedong received people from all walks of life, he delivered a brief speech: "Gentlemen, friends, comrades of the commanders and fighters of the People's Liberation Army: We have won a basic victory, and in a few days the Nanjing government will send a delegation to Beiping. Our opinion is that the Kuomintang must accede to the eight negotiating conditions we have proposed. "Now, although the Kuomintang is ready to fight, sooner or later we will have to cross the Yangtze River." But as long as the Kuomintang accepts the eight conditions, we are still willing to sit down and negotiate. "Whether it is peace or fighting, our main task in the future will be to establish what kind of government." Dear old gentlemen and we are in the same boat with each other, wind and rain. In the future, the Communist Party will, as before, work with you to build a new China! (Li Chunfa: "Portrait of Mao Zedong's Military Parade Before and After the Founding of New China")
The Xiyuan Airport military parade was the groundbreaking ceremony of the Chinese Communists' capital, Beijing, and was a prelude to the founding ceremony.
After the review, Mao Zedong drove to the Shuangqing Villa in Xiangshan. In the car, Mao Zedong said to Ye Zilong: "Now we can announce to the world that the CPC Central Committee and the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army have entered Beiping!" ”
Ye Zilong immediately reported Mao Zedong's instructions to Zhou Enlai. Xinhua News Agency immediately broadcast the news that the PARTY Central Committee and Mao Zedong were stationed in Beiping.
The Beiping Liberation Daily published a copy on the evening of March 25. The headline "The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Headquarters of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Moved to Beiping on 25 March", the full text of which reads: "[Xinhua News Agency, Beiping 25] The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the headquarters of the Chinese People's Liberation Army have moved to Beiping to work on this day, Mao Zedong, chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and chairman of the Chinese People's Revolutionary Military Commission, Zhu De, commander-in-chief of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and other leaders of the CPC Central Committee Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, and Ren Bishi, Lin Boqu and others arrived in Beiping at about 4 p.m. this afternoon. ”
This news of the Xinhua News Agency immediately attracted the attention of the whole of Peiping and even the whole world.
The first invitation to Beijing: a banquet for democrats
On the evening of the 25th, Mao Zedong once again came to the Yishou Hall of the Summer Palace, where on behalf of the CPC Central Committee, he hosted a banquet for democrats from all over the country who had come to Beijing to attend the political consultative meeting of the Chinese people.
Cooperating with all parties and democrats to form the broadest "united front" is one of the "three magic weapons" of the Chinese Communist Party. On April 30, 1948, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "May Day Slogan", the fifth of which was: "All democratic parties, all people's organizations, and all social elites quickly convene a political consultative conference to discuss and realize the convening of a people's congress and the establishment of a democratic coalition government!" "The Communist Party of China has opened a chapter of consultation with democratic parties to build the country, which has been welcomed by all democratic parties.
In order to consult with the democrats to build the country, Mao Zedong wrote separately to the responsible persons of some democratic parties, inviting them to "go north" to the Liberated Areas to draw up a common program and discuss the issue of nation-building. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek suppressed the democratic parties too much, they could not survive, most of them were headquartered in Hong Kong, and many famous people gathered in Hong Kong. Beginning in the autumn of 1948, under the cover of the ccp's underground party, hundreds of democratic parties and non-party figures were escorted from Hong Kong to the northeast in batches. Many democrats have come to Beijing after several twists and turns and even at risk.
On January 22, 1949, 55 people from various democratic parties and well-known democrats jointly issued "Our Opinions on the Current Situation", solemnly declaring: "In the course of the People's Liberation War, I am willing to dedicate our modest efforts and jointly plan under the leadership of the CPC, with a view to Chinese the rapid success of the people's democratic revolution and the early realization of an independent, free, peaceful and happy new China." This is the first time that democratic parties and non-party personages have expressed in the form of a joint statement that they accept the leadership of the Communist Party and, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, work together to build a new China. This statement is full of joy. So far, the CPC, together with various democratic parties and democratic personages, has gone hand in hand, forming a multi-party cooperation situation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China preparing for the establishment of a new China.
With the peaceful liberation of Peiping, various democratic parties and democrats gathered in Peiping.
On the first night of Mao Zedong's entry into Beijing, together with Zhou Enlai and Li Weihan (Luo Mai), he feasted on some democrats.
Those invited to the banquet were: Guo Moruo, Shen Junru, Zhang Bozhao, Tan Pingshan, Liu Yazi, Chen Shutong, Ma Yinchu, Zhang Xiruo, Xu Deheng, Zhang Dongxun, Yu Huancheng, Zhang Zhirang, Huang Yanpei, Sheng Pihua, Zhang Naiqi, Peng Zemin, Ma Xulun, Cai Tingkai, Li Jishen, and so on.
Liu Yazi wrote in his diary: "At night, Chairman Mao sent a chariot to the Summer Palace dinner, a total of two seats, the master Waiyu and Shulao, Dingtang, Chulao, Xi Ruo, Deheng (Xu), Dongsun, Huanlao, Jilong, Renlao, Pilao, Naiqi, Henglao, Bojun, Zelao, Yilao, Pinglao, Xianchu, Renchao, Enlai, Luomai, a total of twenty people. After dinner, Mrs. Feng came, sat down and talked until one and a half o'clock, and then returned by car, and it was already two o'clock when she arrived. ”
Shen Junru recorded in his diary: "In the evening, together with Liu Yazi, Chen Shutong, Guo Moruo, Huang Yanpei, Xu Deheng, etc., they were invited by Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Li Weihan, and others to the Yishou Hall of the Summer Palace for a banquet. ”
Huang Yanpei recorded in his diary: "At night, chairman Mao invited more than twenty people to dinner on the outskirts of the city, and after the meal, they talked about peace and war until one and a half o'clock. Huang Yanpei arrived in Beiping from Tianjin on March 23, just in time for the parade. He visited Yan'an in July 1945 and published the book "The Return of Yan'an" in Chongqing, the first 20,000 copies were snapped up within a few days, and his dialogue with Mao Zedong on the law of historical cycles in the Yan'an cave kilns, which came to be known as the "cave pairs", had a huge impact.
In order to receive the democrats well, the relevant departments invited the chefs of the Six Kingdoms Hotel. Yishoutang has no conditions for cooking, and the meals are "takeaway" from the Beijing hotel.
That night, Mao Zedong talked specifically with these democrats, leaving no detailed record. Huang Yanpei wrote in his diary "Talking about war and problems". This should be the main topic of conversation this evening, and naturally includes the proper meaning of the topic of inviting the democratic parties to "actively participate in politics and jointly build a new China."
Nearly 20 patriotic democrats were invited to a banquet at Yishou Hall to discuss the state of the country, inheriting the fine tradition of the Communist Party of China in carrying out the united front, and also opening up the model of multi-party cooperation to build a new China. Since then, the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China has gradually been established, and eventually became one of the basic political systems in China.
In order to ensure the safety of the central leaders when they feasted on democrats, the guards were heavily guarded in the area near Yishoutang, and the soldiers (including Mao Zedong's son Mao Anying) held hands and carried out a tight dragnet inspection of nearby hillsides, roads and other buildings. (Summer Palace Administration: "Summer Palace Guide", China Tourism Publishing House, April 2008 edition)
After the dinner, it was midnight. Mao Zedong moved by car to the Shuangqing Villa in Xiangshan Park to live. At that time, Mao Zedong's car was a broken car, and on the halfway up the mountain, the car broke down, and he changed to a jeep before driving to the Shuangqing Villa.
From this day on, the central authorities worked in Xiangshan and ate and lived in Xiangshan. For the sake of secrecy, it is called "Labor University" to the outside world. Complex historical information is often hidden in the middle of the name. The term "Labor University" originated in Yan'an. This word, which bears the distinctive identity of the Communist Party of China, shows that the Communists respect labor and the working people.
Looking back at the first day of Mao Zedong's "entering Beijing to catch the examination", his activities and discourses involved: the people's army, the united front, the masses of the people, the Labor University... This may be a coincidence and accident of history. Chance has its own inevitability. These keywords may be the keywords of "entering Beijing to catch the examination".
The time has come! The Chinese Communists who "went to Beijing to catch the examination" began to walk into the examination room...
Hu Songtao Source: China Youth Daily
Source: China Youth Daily