Emperor Jingzong of Tang (22 July 809 – 9 January 827) was a native of Chengji, Longxi (present-day Qin'an County, Gansu). The thirteenth emperor of the Tang Dynasty (reigned 824–826), the eldest son of Emperor Muzong of Tang and his mother was Empress Gong of the Wang clan.
On the eighth day of the first month of December in the second year of the Baoli calendar (826), he was killed by the eunuch Liu Keming and others, only seventeen years old, with the title of "Ruiwu Zhaoxiao Emperor", the temple number Of Honoration, and was buried in Zhuangling.
So today Xiaobian will talk about the faint life of Tang Jingzong Li Zhan, let's take a look at it!
A brief biography of Tang Jingzong Li Zhan
Early life
Emperor Jingzong of Tang, Li Zhan, the eldest son of Emperor Muzong of Tang, was the eldest son of Empress Dowager Wang. He was born on June 7, 809, in the fourth year of Motowa's reign. In March of the first year of Changqing (821), he was crowned King Jing. In December of the second year of Changqing (822), he was made crown prince.
Ascended the throne as emperor
In the fourth year of Changqing (824), on the first month of the first month, Tang Muzong collapsed. Emperor Yu, crown prince before the coffin, was sixteen years old.
After Tang Jingzong Li Zhan ascended the throne, he did not pay attention to the major affairs of the country at all, and his pleasures were more than that of his father Muzong. In the second month after Emperor Jingzong ascended the throne, he went to the Zhonghe Hall one day to shoot balls, one day to the Feilong Temple to shoot balls, and on the third day he held a feast in the Zhonghe Hall. Emperor Jingzong was obsessed with pleasure, and even the emperor's routine early dynasty did not pay attention to it.
The fun is endless
One day in March, the courtiers came to the court to prepare to enter the cabinet for deliberations, but Emperor Jingzong had not yet ascended to the court until the three poles of the sun. The ministers had to get up before dawn to attend the imperial meeting, but the emperor was delayed, and the time was long, and the ministers could not hold on to it so that some fainted.
Regarding this act of the new monarch that was contrary to the ancestral system, the counselor Li Bo offered advice, and Tang Jingzong, at the urging of the chancellor, took a long time to arrive late. After retiring from the dynasty, Zuo Shiyi Liu Qichu was even more strongly advised by the emperor on this practice, and he prostrated his head on the dragon and the blood flowed continuously. Emperor Jingzong showed a very touched appearance at that time, but he still did not change, and later even developed into a month it was rare to go to the court two or three times a month.
In order to enable Emperor Jingzong to ascend to the throne, Li Deyujin, who served in the local government, presented six poems of the Dan Zhen Zhen and offered advice. Tang Jingzong ordered the Hanlin scholar Wei Chuhou to draft an edict praising Li Deyu, but he remained indifferent to his own problems.
Tang Jingzong's almost crazy amusement caused a series of emergencies in the palace. Soon after taking the throne, a commoner named Xu Zhongxin broke into the door of the bathhouse, causing a false alarm.
In April, there was another serious incident in which Zhang Shao, a dyeing shop servant, and Su Xuanming, a fortune teller, contacted hundreds of dyeers to kill the Right Yintai Gate. At that time, Jingzong was playing polo in the Qingsi Hall, when he heard the shouts of Zhang Shao and more than a hundred other people, and fled to the Zuo Shen Ce army for refuge. The soldiers and horses of Zuo Shence's army made Kang Yiquan lead his troops into the palace and kill Zhang Shao and others who had already attacked the Qing Si Hall and ascended to the imperial throne to eat.
On the autumn night of August, there was another incident in which nearly 1,400 people, including the demon thief Ma Wenzhong and the pin official Ji Wende, plotted against each other, and all the parties were killed by canes.
A great deal of civil engineering
Tang Jingzong's own life preference was to build a large number of civil engineering, and after he ascended the throne, from spring to cold winter, there was no time to stop. Officials at all levels and craftsmen complained bitterly, and Zhang Shao, the servant of the dyeing workshop, made a disturbance, which was nothing more than a slap in the face to him. The chancellor believed that these events were all due to Emperor Jingzong's obsession with amusement, often not in the palace, and giving opportunities to the outlaws. Emperor Jingzong believed that the ministers' statements were reasonable, but his own fun became more and more intense, and the tricks were constantly renovated.
In November of the first year of the Bao calendar (825), Tang Jingzong suddenly wanted to go to Lishan to visit Xingxing, but the ministers strongly discouraged him, but he just would not listen. Zhang Quanyu prostrated his head in the main hall and said: "Since King You of Zhou, the emperors who traveled to Lishan have not had a good ending, Qin Shi Huang was buried there and the state died, Xuanzong was in the Lishan Cultivation Palace and An Lushan was in turmoil, the former emperor (Muzong) went to Lishan Mountain, died in a short age, and died when he returned." ”
When Tang Jingzong heard this, he actually aroused greater interest: "Is Lishan so vicious?" The more this happens, the more I should go and verify your words. As a result, despite the minister's objections, he stubbornly went back to the palace on the same day, and he also said to the people around him: "What those who kowtow to the fallen head are not necessarily credible!" "I don't take the opinions of my subordinates seriously.
Tang Jingzong also liked to go to the Yuzao Palace to watch the dragon boat racing, and one day suddenly gave an edict to the salt and iron envoy, he wanted to build 20 ferry boats, and asked to transport the timber to the Beijing Division for construction. The total cost of this item was to use half of the state's transit funds that year, and he agreed to subtract half of it after the advice of zhang zhongfang, the counselor. Tang Jingzong not only liked to play polo himself, but also forbidden military generals and people in the three palaces to participate.
In June of the second year of the Baoli calendar (826), a sports event was held in the palace, polo, wrestling, sanda, fighting, acrobatics, etc., there were many projects, and the participants were also very enthusiastic. The most creative was that Emperor Jingzong ordered the left and right Divine Counselors, as well as the palace people, the church, and the inner garden to divide into several groups and ride donkeys to play polo. Because Emperor Jingzong's interest was very high, he tossed and turned until the night.
Tang Jingzong also liked to hunt, usually not enough to play during the day, he took people to hunt foxes late at night for fun, which was called "night fox fighting" in the palace.
Jingzong is a polo master and is good at hand fighting, watching games such as wrestling, tug-of-war, and dragon boat racing has always been fun.
Tang Jingzong also specially raised a group of lux soldiers, who stayed around day and night. He not only had to select lux from all over the country to contribute, but he also paid for the recruitment of the inner garden, and he was willing to spend money on these lux.
As soon as Tang Jingzong had fun, he had no scruples: some of the soldiers were not inferior, and Jingzong often assigned them to the exile and did not have any place; many eunuchs committed minor offenses, light insults, and heavy tarts, which made these people full of fear and resentment. The palace eunuchs Xu Suizhen, Li Shaoduan, and Yu Hongzhi were also stripped of their posts because they did not cooperate well with him to "fight the night fox". Jingzong's unscrupulous amusement quickly sent himself to the end.
Murdered and died
On the eighth day of the eighth month of the second year of the Baoli calendar (826), Tang Jingzong once again went out to "fight the night fox". After returning to the palace, he was in high spirits and drank with the eunuchs Liu Keming, Tian Wucheng, Xu Wenduan, and the batting generals Su Zuoming, Wang Jiaxian, Shi Dingkuan and twenty-eight others. Tang Jingzong drank and his ears were hot, and he went into the room to change clothes.
At this time, the lamps and candles in the main hall were suddenly extinguished, and Liu Keming, Su Zuoming and others conspired to kill Tang Jingzong, who was only 17 years old. In addition to the emperor of the last Tang Dynasty, the Emperor of Tang, Tang Jingzong was the youngest emperor of the Tang Dynasty.
After The death of Emperor Jingzong of Tang, the chancellor Gong Shang was given the title of Emperor Xiaoxiao of Ruiwu Zhao. Emperor Wenzong of Tang was buried in Zhuangling on July 13, 827, in the first year of the reign of Emperor Wenzong of Tang.
What is the era name of Tang Jingzong Li Zhan?
Tang Jingzong was the eldest son of Emperor Muzong of Tang, Emperor Wenzong of Tang was the second son, and Emperor Wuzong of Tang was the fifth son. Tang Jingzong's era name is Baoli, which was used for a total of 3 years (825~827), which is actually two years. Emperor Wenzong had two era names: one was Taihe (一作大合), which lasted for 9 years (827-835); The first is Kaicheng, which took 5 years (836~840). Emperor Wuzong was an era name for Huichang that lasted for 6 years (841-846).
Jingzong, Wenzong, and Wuzong reigned for less than 23 years, but they created a miracle of the Tang Dynasty, that is, the three brothers tang dynasty eunuch figurines successively became kings. In Chinese history, the succession to the throne has both fathers and sons, as well as brothers and brothers, but it is extremely rare for brothers like Jingzong, Wenzong, and Wuzong to become emperors in succession, which is not a normal way to inherit the throne in any way. This situation in which all three brothers became heavenly sons not only reflected the state of court politics after Muzong, but also brought new problems to the court politics of this period.
How to evaluate Tang Jingzong Li Zhan?
During the reign of Emperor Jingzong of Tang, Li Zhan, courtesy of courtiers and indulged in fun. Obsessed with keju and night foxes, he does not love politics. Not only that, but he also likes to play. Jingzong really likes to play, and he is really good at playing. The Tang Dynasty was fortunate not to destroy the country at the hands of such an emperor, and the history of judging Jingzong as "not a king" actually meant that he was a competent emperor who did not play polo, which was already a face for him. We really don't see Jingzong's ability to govern the country, but we can see his ability to have fun everywhere.
Related topics: What kind of person is Tang Jingzong Li Zhan? Why did Liu Keming kill jun?
Liu Keming's reasons for killing Jun are roughly two points:
First, Li Zhan's moody personality made Liu Keming afraid
Objectively speaking, Li Zhan is not a qualified emperor, but he is not a bad person, he is a stubborn lord who has not grown up. Li Zhan did not care about politics and was obsessed with all kinds of fun. This kind of person may be the best destination to be a runaway prince, but it is a pity that Yin and Yang mistakenly became emperors.
Li Zhan's mind was very immature, a little moody, and the people below were a little negligent, and he lost his temper and was either demoted and punished, or beaten, or even exiled. Yu Hongzhi, a eunuch who had launched the Ganlu coup with Qiu Shiliang, was dismissed from his post for playing with Li Zhan.
In the use of the two handles of reward and punishment, Li Zhan reflects the sloppiness of doing whatever he wants, completely looking at the mood, never thinking about one step, what are the consequences of doing so, and there is no purpose.
Serving such a master is actually a very dangerous thing, no one can say it well, and one day Li Zhan will take the wrong nerve and let himself suffer. Although Liu Keming is favored, his heart is pounding all day, and no one wants to live today without tomorrow.
Second, Liu Keming followed the tradition of eunuchs ascending to heaven one step at a time
Since the Tang Dynasty, it has become customary for eunuchs to hold military power, and the emperor is not only a puppet, but even his life is entrusted to the eunuch clique. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, there were many emperors supported by eunuchs, and many emperors were killed by the hands of eunuchs, becoming the emperors of iron eunuchs.
Of course, the eunuch clique is not monolithic, and they are also facing a political struggle within themselves. Usually, eunuchs who support the establishment of a new monarch will ascend to heaven one step at a time, such as Qiu Shiliang and Wang Shoucheng.
Wang Shoucheng was a privy councillor, a meritorious servant of Emperor Muzong of Tang, and the de facto ruler of the reigns of Emperor Muzong, Emperor Jingzong, and Emperor Wenzong. Although Liu Keming was favored by Li Zhan, he was still quite far away from Wang Shoucheng's position.
Killing Li Zhan, supporting the new jun, and then borrowing the hand of the new jun to replace Wang Shoucheng would be a breeze, which is probably the biggest source of motivation for Liu Keming and others. Of course, Wang Shoucheng was not so fragile. Before Liu Keming's ass was wiped clean, Wang Shoucheng raised his hand and slapped him flat.
In fact, Tang Jingzong Li Zhan's heart is not bad at all, although he is moody, it is essentially a childish wild mode. When the people at the bottom really put on a big deal and should kill the head, he is very soft-hearted, and often beats the board.
Therefore, as the emperor Li Zhan is indeed unreliable, it is estimated that the moment he was killed by Liu Keming, his eyes were full of question marks, and he refused to close for a long time.
Who was Tang Jingzong Li Zhan's father?
Emperor Muzong of Tang (26 July 795 – 25 February 824), originally known as Li You, was a native of Chengji, Longxi (present-day Qin'an County, Gansu). The twelfth emperor of the Tang Dynasty (except for Wu Zetian, Emperor Wu of Tang, reigned from 820 to 824). Tang Xianzong Li Chun was the third son, and his mother was Empress Guo of Yi'an.
In the eleventh year of Zhenyuan, he was born in the Daming Palace Annex. As an imperial grandson, he was subject to the feudal King of Anjun. Emperor Xianzong of Tang ascended the throne (806) and was enfeoffed as king. In the fifth year of Yuan He (810), he led the Changyi army to make an envoy. In the seventh year of Yuan He (812), he was made crown prince and changed his name to Li Heng.
In the fifteenth year of Yuan He, Tang Xianzong collapsed violently, and under the support of the eunuch Liang Shouqian, he ascended the throne as Emperor Muzong of Tang. During his reign, there was too much feasting and too much travel. The chancellors Xiao Li and Duan Wenchang lacked foresight, believing that the town had been pacified and that the troops should be eliminated, so that the three towns of Heshuo rebelled again.
Changqing died in the fourth year (824), reigned for five years, and was Chinese New Year's Eve years old (imaginary age, less than 29 years old at the time of death), and was buried in Guangling, with the title of "Ruisheng WenhuiXiao Emperor".
Who is Tang Jingzong Li Zhan's mother?
Empress Gongyi (?) –845), a native of Yuezhou. Daughter of Ling Wang Shaoqing of Jinhua County, Wuzhou, and mother of the Zhang clan.
Biography: When Emperor Muzong of Tang was crown prince, Wang was his concubine. In the fourth year of Yuan He (809), he grew his son Li Zhan. In the fifteenth year of Yuan He (820), Muzong ascended the throne, and Wang shi was crowned as a concubine, the specific title is unknown.
In the fourth year of Changqing (824), Emperor Muzong of Tang died, and his son Li Zhan succeeded him as Emperor Jingzong of Tang. Emperor Jingzong honored his birth mother Wang Shi as empress dowager, posthumously honored Wang Shaoqing as Sikong, and Zhang Shi as Lady Zhao Guo.
In the third year of the Bao calendar (827), Emperor Jingzong was killed by the eunuch Liu Keming, and his brother Li Han the Prince of Jiang succeeded him as Emperor Wenzong of Tang. Emperor Wenzong honored his biological mother Xiao Shi as empress dowager, plus Muzong's biological mother Empress Guo and Empress Wang, and there were three empresses in the harem, known in history books as "Empress Dowager Sangong".
In the early days of Emperor Wenzong's succession, Empress Wang was known as "Empress Baoli", and later Empress Wang moved to Ngee An Palace and was renamed "Empress Yi'an". In the fifth year of Huichang (845), Empress Wang collapsed, and she was buried in the Guangling East Garden.
Who are Tang Jingzong's younger brothers Li Zhan?
1. Emperor Wenzong of Tang (November 20, 809 – February 10, 840), formerly known as Li Han, was the fourteenth emperor of the Tang Dynasty (reigned 826-840 with the exception of Wu Zetian and Emperor Wu of Tang), the second son of Emperor Muzong of Tang, his mother was Empress Xiao of Zhenxian, and his elder brother was Li Zhan, Emperor Jingzong of Tang.
Li Ang is a frugal and elegant person, and a broad group of books. In the first year of Changqing (821), he was created the King of Jiang. In December of the second year of the Bao calendar (826), he became emperor at the age of eighteen. In the early years of his reign, he vigorously sought treatment, released more than 3,000 palace women, released wufang eagle dogs, and spared redundant personnel, reused the favored ministers Li Xun, Zheng Zhu and others, and launched the Ganlu Rebellion in an attempt to eliminate the eunuch forces, and after the defeat, he was placed under house arrest.
In the fifth year of Kaicheng (840), Li Ang died of depression and died at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve, with the title of Emperor Yuan sheng zhao and the temple number Wenzong, and was buried in Zhangling.
2. Emperor Wuzong of Tang (2 July 814 – 22 April 846), formerly known as Li Yan (李瀍), was a native of Chengji, Longxi (present-day Qin'an County, Gansu). The fifteenth emperor of the Tang Dynasty (reigned 10 February 840 – 22 April 846), the fifth son of Emperor Muzong of Tang, Li Zhan, and li ang of Emperor Wenzong of Tang, was the half-brother of Empress Xuanyi.
Li Yan was crowned king of Ying in his early years. In the fifth year of Kaicheng (840), when Emperor Wenzong was seriously ill, he was supported by the eunuchs Qiu Shiliang and Yu Hongzhi as the emperor's brother-in-law. After Emperor Wenzong's death, Li Yan took the throne as emperor. During Li Yan's reign, he relied heavily on Li Deyu, the prime minister, to clarify the rule of officials, develop the economy, and aspire to eliminate accumulated shortcomings. At the same time, it worked to weaken the power of eunuchs, feudal lords, and monastic landlords.
In the third year of Huichang (843), he ordered Zhudao to quell the rebellion of Liu Shu of Zhaoyi. In the fifth year of Huichang (845), in view of the flood of monasteries, he ordered the demolition of Buddhist temples, confiscation of the land of the temples, and expanded the tax source of the central government. Externally, they defeated the Uighurs and defended the stability of northern Xinjiang. The Tang Dynasty once presented a situation of ZTE, known in history as "Huichang ZTE".
Li Yan took the elixir of longevity for a long time, and died in the Daming Palace in the sixth year of Huichang (846), at the age of thirty-three. Emperor Xiaoxiao of Daozhao, Wuzong, was buried in Duanling.
3. Li Rong (813 – 12 February 840), King feng'an, was the eighth and youngest son of Emperor Muzong of Tang, and his epitaph is recorded as the fourth son. Li Rong's birth year is unknown, but it must have been after the birth of Emperor Muzong's fifth son, Li Yan, in 812. Li Rong's birth mother is not recorded in the historical records, and the epitaph is recorded as Yang Taifei. In 821, Emperor Muzong made his sons and brothers who had not been crowned kings, and Li Rong was made the Prince of An. During the reign of Li Rong's second brother Emperor Wenzong of Tang, Li Rong was given the title of Kaifu Yi Tongsan Division. At the beginning of Emperor Wenzong's reign (836-840), he gave Li Rong and Li Yueyue the Prince of Ying, giving them special care.
Who was Li Zhan's concubine of Emperor Jingzong of Tang?
Guo Shi (郭氏), a noble concubine of Emperor Jingzong of Tang, li zhan, whose father was the Right Wei general Guo Yi (郭義). In the last year of Changqing, Guo was selected by Li Zhan, the eldest son of Tang Muzong, to enter the Eastern Palace for his beauty.
In the fourth year of Emperor Muzong of Tang's reign (Jiachen, 824), Guo gave birth to Li Zhan's eldest son, Li Pu. Li Zhan, who had a son as a teenager, was even more fond of Guo.
In the first year of the Tang Jingzong Bao calendar (Yi Wei, 825), Tang Muzong died, and Li Zhan, who was only fifteen years old, took the throne for Tang Jingzong, and Guo Shi was named a talented person, because of her beauty crowned in the court, so she was particularly favored. Her father Guo Yi was also given the title of Rebbe Shangshu for her sake, and her brother Guo Huan was made the Shaofu Junior Superintendent and given the title of Mansion.
Soon, Guo Cairen was again crowned as a noble concubine, and Li Pu, who was born to him, was made the King of Jin. However, the good times did not last long, and the next year, Tang Jingzong was killed by the eunuch Liu Keming and others, and his brother Li Ang took the throne for Tang Wenzong. Because Emperor Wenzong was very fond of Li Pu the King of Jin, loved ruozi, and wanted to make Li Pu the crown prince, Guo Guifei's courtesy did not fade.
In the second year of Emperor Wenzong of Tang's reign (828), The King of Jin, Li Pu, died prematurely, and Tang Wenzong was very sad and posthumously honored him as the "Prince of Mourning Huai" and buried him in Zhuangling.
Who are the sons of Tang Jingzong Li Zhan?
1. Li Pu (Guo Feisheng), the eldest son of Li Zhan, Emperor Jingzong of Tang. After his death, he was posthumously honored as "Mourning the Prince of Huai", and his posture was Shao Wu.
Biography: King Jin of the first year of the Bao calendar. Emperor Wenzong loved him like his own son, and tasted to be his heir. In the second year of Yamato, emperors could not stop thinking about it, so they gave a gift.
2. Li Xiufu is the second son of Tang Jingzong, and his birth mother is unknown. His brother Li Pu was born in 824, and Jingzong was killed in 826, and he should have been born in the meantime. After Emperor Jingzong was killed, the eunuch Wang Shoucheng established Emperor Jingzong's younger brother Li Han the Prince of Jiang as Emperor Wenzong of Tang.
3. Li Zhizhong, the third son of Tang Jingzong Li Zhan. In the second year of Kaicheng, he was crowned king of Xiang. Zi Yu was the King of Leping County. The year of death.
4. Li Yanyang (826 – October 8, 841) was the fourth son of Emperor Jingzong of Tang, and his biological mother was a noble concubine of the Guo clan. His brother Li Pu was born in 824, and Jingzong was killed in 826, the year in which he was born. After Emperor Jingzong was killed, the eunuch Wang Shoucheng established Emperor Jingzong's younger brother Li Han the Prince of Jiang as Emperor Wenzong of Tang.
In 828, Li Puxue died, and in 837, Emperor Wenzong of Tang made the remaining sons of Emperor Jingzong king, Li Xiu restored the title of King of Liang, Li Zhizhong made the Prince of Xiang, Li Yanyang the Prince of Ji, and Li Chengmei the Prince of Chen. The subsequent experiences of Li Yanyang and his brothers Li Xiufu and Li Zhizhong are not recorded in the history books.
He died in the mansion on September 20, 841, at the age of sixteen. According to his epitaph, Li Yanyang was proficient in Yi and Poetry.
5. Li Chengmei, the youngest son of Tang Jingzong, whose birth mother is unknown.
Relationship: The elder brother Li Pu was born in 824 and was killed by Emperor Jingzong in 826, so he was born during his time. Emperor Jingzong's younger brother Emperor Wenzong of Tang made him King of Chen in the second year of Kaicheng (837).
In the third year of Kaicheng (838), Li Yongxue, the crown prince of Zhuang Ke, died, and Emperor Wenzong's sons were all dead. The number of ministers asked to build the Eastern Palace, and Yang Xianfei asked li rong, the emperor's brother Li Rong, the prince of An, to be crown prince, and the chancellor Li Jue disagreed and recommended Li Chengmei.
In the fourth year of Kaicheng (839), Emperor Wenzong of Tang made Li Chengmei crown prince, and in the fifth year of Kaicheng (840), the canonical records were not available, Emperor Wenzong died, and Li Jue and Yang Sifu wanted to make the crown prince emperor. The eunuch Qiu Shiliang disagreed, and Li Wenzong's younger brother Li Yan (later renamed Li Yan, Emperor Wuzong of Tang) disagreed. In the first month of the fifth year, he killed Li Chengmei at the royal residence. According to the New Book of Tang, Li Chengmei had nineteen sons, and the nineteenth son, Li Yu, was the King of Xuancheng County (doubtful).
Expanded Information: An Introduction to the Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty (618-907) was a unified Central Plains Dynasty after the Sui Dynasty, with a total of 21 emperors and 289 years of the country.
During the Tang Dynasty, the territory of all nations was unprecedentedly vast, and at its peak it stretched from the Sea of Japan in the east, to Annam in the south, to the Aral Sea in the west, and to Lake Baikal in the north, and it was the first unified dynasty in China since the Qin Dynasty that had not repaired the Great Wall of Hu.
After the Tang Dynasty defeated the Eastern Turks and Xue Yantuo, Tang Taizong was revered as the Heavenly Khan by the Siyi tribes. He also used the bondage system to recruit the Turks, Uighurs, Tiele, Khitans, Jingjing, Murong Wei and other ethnic groups to attack the enemy countries, and let Japan, Nanzhao, Silla, Bohai and other vassal states learn their own culture and systems.
The Tang Dynasty was one of the most powerful countries in the world at that time, and its reputation spread far and wide, with all the contacts with Asian and European countries. After the Tang Dynasty, many overseas people called Chinese "Tang people". The status of women has increased significantly, and people are free to marry and divorce.