Historical story - Guan Yunchang

Guan Yu (162-220), Han Chinese. Born in the Eastern Han Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the character Yunchang(字云長), the original character Changsheng (長生), he was a Xieliangren of Hedong (present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi). During the Three Kingdoms period, a famous general of the Shu Han Dynasty, a former general, the Marquis of Han Shouting, and a military expert. After his death, he was revered by the people, and after being praised by the imperial court, he was worshipped as the Emperor of Guan Sheng, and buddhism was called Garan Bodhisattva, and he was honored as "Guan Gong". Guan Yu was later revered as a "martial saint".

　　In 184, following Liu Xuande, Liu Bei, a relative of the Han Dynasty, organized a like-minded army in Zhuo County to participate in the war against the Yellow Turban Army, and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei joined them. After Liu Bei held many positions, he defected to his former classmate Gongsun Zhan and was given the title of Pingyuan Xiang, and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were appointed as Sima of other departments. The three of them were brothers, often eating and living together and training together, and when Liu Bei went out, Guan and Zhang were inseparable from each other.

　　In 194, Cao Cao was annoyed with Tao Qian because Cao Song was killed, so he sent an army to attack Xuzhou. Tao Qian asked Liu Bei for help, and Liu, Guan, and Zhang led more than a thousand of his men to the rescue after consultation. After Cao Cao withdrew, Tao Qian made Liu Bei the Assassin of Yuzhou and led the cavalry to Xiao Pei. Then, under the repeated concessions of Tao Qian and others, Liu Bei led Xuzhou Mu.

　　In 196, Liu Bei was attacked by Yuan Shu and Lü Bu and lost Xuzhou, and Guan Yu followed Liu Bei to Cao Cao. Later, when he was hunting with Cao Cao Xutian, Guan Yu persuaded Liu Bei to find an opportunity to kill Cao Cao, but Liu Bei at this time thought that Cao Cao at that time wanted to support the Han Room, and felt that it was a pity to kill him, and finally did not listen to Guan Yu's advice.

　　In 198, Liu Bei and Cao Cao together captured Lü Bu in Xiapi and captured Xuzhou, and Guan Yu and Liu Bei followed Cao Cao's class back to Xuchang, and Cao Cao appointed Che Ji as the assassin of Xuzhou. After Yuan Shu went north to defect to Yuan Shao, Liu Bei was instructed by Cao Cao to intercept Yuan Shu to Xuzhou, Liu Bei took the opportunity to attack and kill Che, and ordered Guan Yu to first guard Xia Pi (present-day Gu pi Town, Suining County, Jiangsu Province) and take my place, and I first returned to Xiao Pei (present-day Pei County, Jiangsu).

　　In 200, Cao Cao sent Liu Dai and Wang Zhong to secretly attack Liu Bei, but they were defeated by Liu Bei's army, Cao Cao was furious, personally led the army to conquest, defeated Liu Bei, and finally Liu Bei defected to Yuan Shao, Guan Yu was defeated and captured alive, there was no way to surrender to Cao Cao first, Cao Cao Aicai, and appointed as a partial general. Later, Yuan Shao sent the generals Yan Liang, Wen Qiu, and Guo Tu to attack Liu Yanyu in Dong Commandery, and Cao Cao personally led an army to rescue him, and ordered Zhang Liao and Guan Yu to be the forwards. Guan Yu saw Yan Liang's cover, charged his horse, killed Yan Liang among the ten thousand troops, and returned with his head, the generals of the Yuan army were unstoppable, the siege of the white horse was lifted, and Guan Yu was made the Marquis of Hanshouting.

　　At that time, Cao Cao, in order to know whether Guan Yu had the intention of staying for a long time, asked Zhang Liao to test with human feelings. Guan Yu sighed at Zhang Liao, "I know Cao Gong's love for me, but my eldest brother Liu Bei is kind to me, and I can't betray my promise after we have worshiped me." I will not stay, and I will leave after giving credit to Cao Gongli. Zhang Liao made it clear to Cao Cao that Cao Cao knew that Guan Yu would leave, but instead he repaid the reward and wanted to keep him, but Guan Yu did his best to seal Cao Cao's reward, left a letter of resignation, and returned to Liu Bei. Folk culture calls this story "a thousand miles and a single ride".

　　In 208, Liu Bei defected to Liu Biao and raised troops in Xinye. Cao Cao led a large army south, Liu Bei ran south, and informed Guan Yu to take hundreds of ships to Jiangling (present-day Jingzhou, Hubei) to meet, but Liu Bei was chased by Cao Cao's army on the way to Changbanpo in Dangyang (present-day Yichang, Hubei), and fortunately Guan Yu sailed to Hanjin (present-day Jingmen, Hubei) and took a boat to Xiakou (present-day Wuhan, Hubei).

　　After conspiring with Sun Quan to defeat Cao Cao, Cao Cao left Cao Ren and others to defend Jingzhou, so Liu Bei and Sun Quan's general Zhou Yu attacked Cao Ren and ordered Guan Yu to cut off Cao Ren's rear road in northern China. When Liu Bei took the four counties of Jingnan (Changsha, Lingling, Wuling, and Guiyang), He made Guan Yu the Founder of Xiangyang and was given the title of General of Xiangyang Taishou and Lang Kou, at this time Xiangyang was actually Cao Cao's sphere of influence, and Yu Was stationed in Jiangbei. During this period, Guan Yu rebuilt Gangneung Castle.

　　In 213, Liu Bei ran to Shudi to assist Liu Zhang in watching Zhang Lu, and Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Zhuge Liang, and Guan Yu jointly defended Jingzhou.

　　In 214, Liu Bei and Liu Zhang's negotiations collapsed, and during the attack on Luocheng (雒城, in present-day Guanghan, Sichuan), the military commander Pang Tongzhong was killed, and Liu Bei nai summoned Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, and Zhuge Liang to Sichuan to support, leaving only Guan Yu in Jingzhou. After Liu Bei pacified shu, Guan Yu was given the title of Governor of Jingzhou and authorized to take charge of the parts controlled by Liu Bei in the Jingzhou region, including the four southern counties of Jingzhou and the Nan Commandery of Jiangling, which was borrowed from Eastern Wu, and the nearby public security, and Guan Yu was in fact guarding the five counties of Jingzhou.

　　Guan Yu heard that Ma Chao had surrendered to Liu Bei, and that he had no acquaintance with Ma Chao in the past, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang about how Ma Chao was skilled, and whether there was anyone who could discuss the high and low levels. Zhuge Liang knew that Guan Yu was arrogant and arrogant, so he replied in a reply: "Ma Mengqi (Ma Chao) is both literate and martial, brave and superior, worthy of a generation of masters, is a figure such as Yingbu and Peng Yue, and can keep pace with Zhang Fei, but is not as outstanding and outstanding as the hairdresser." Guan Yu had a beautiful long beard, so Zhuge Liang called him a beautiful bearded man. After reading Zhuge Liang's reply, Guan Yu was very happy and handed it over to the guest staff for circulation.

　　Guan Yu was once shot by a stray arrow, the arrow penetrated the left arm, and although the wound later healed, the arm bone was often painful in the rainy weather. The barefoot immortal said: "The arrow is poisonous, its poison has penetrated into the bone, and it is necessary to re-open the knife on the arm and scrape the toxin from the arm bone in order to completely eliminate this patient." Guan Yu immediately stretched out his arm and asked the barefoot immortal to treat him. At that time, Guan Yu was inviting the generals to drink and eat, and the knife wound on his arm was dripping with blood, flowing all over the plate underneath, while Guan Yu was eating meat and drinking wine, talking and laughing with everyone.

　　In 215, Sun Quan learned that Liu Bei had captured Yizhou and hoped to take jingzhou back. Liu Bei said, "That's not okay, I'll get Liangzhou first, and then I'll return Jingzhou to you." Sun Quan was annoyed when he heard this, and directly sent Lu Su to Jingzhou. The generals of Sun and Liu 's two sides "single-handedly met" in front of the battle, and they argued reasonably but eventually broke up unhappily. Sun Quan ordered Lü Meng to prepare to attack southern Jingzhou, Lu Su sent more than 10,000 men to Yiyang to contain Guan Yu, and Liu Bei led troops from Yizhou to return to help. When Guan Yu claimed to have 30,000 horses and horses, he chose 5,000 elites to prepare to cross the river from upstream, and the Wu general Gan Ning led a thousand people to garrison, guan Yu did not cross the river after learning of it, and camped on the other side of the river, a place later called "Guan Yu Se". At this time, Cao Cao advanced into Zhang Lu in Hanzhong, Liu Bei immediately said good things to Sun Quan, and together with Cao Cao, it was finally agreed to divide Jingzhou equally, that is, Jiangxia County, Changsha County, and Guiyang County in Jingzhou belonged to Sun Quan, and Nan County, Lingling County, and Wuling County in Jingzhou belonged to Liu Bei, which was the famous Xiangshui demarcation in the history of the Three Kingdoms.

　　In 218, the Tai Doctor Ling Jiben, Shaofu Gengji, Si Zhi Wei Huang and others plotted against him, but soon the matter was revealed, and several people were killed by Cao Cao, so Cao Cao summoned Cao Ren as the general of Zhengnan and attacked Guan Yu. During Cao RentunFan's period, he was heavily requisitioned for military service, and the military and civilians around Nanyang County were miserable. Wancheng Taishou Houyin and Wei Kai then kidnapped Taishou to rebel and join forces with Guan Yu. Cao Ren led an army to quell the rebellion, and in the first month of the following year, he attacked Wancheng, beheaded Hou Yin, and slaughtered the city.

　　In 219, Liu Beijun and Cao Cao's army met in Hanzhong, the Wei general Xiahou Yuan was beheaded by Liu Bei's general Huang Zhong, Cao Cao personally brought a large army to fight for Hanzhong, Liu Bei defended, Zhao Yun robbed grain and grass in Hanshui, Cao Cao had no choice but to withdraw from Hanzhong, and Liu Bei occupied Hanzhong.

　　In July, Liu Bei proclaimed himself the King of Hanzhong, appointed Xu Jing as Taifu(太傅), Fazheng (法正) as Shangshu ling(尚書令), Guan Yu (关羽) as a former general, Zhang Fei (張飞) as a right general, Ma Chao (马超) as a left general, and Huang Zhong (黄忠) as a rear general, and sent Sima and Qianren Feishi (犍) to Guan Yu's garrison to grant Guan Yu the official seal, and Guan Yu, knowing that Huang Zhong's status was the same as his own, said angrily: "The eldest husband must not be listed with the veterans!" "Refused to accept the appointment. Fei Shi said to Guan Yu, "The people who founded Wang Ye can't all use the same people. In the past, Xiao He, Cao Shan, and Liu Bang had a good relationship when they were young, while Chen Ping and Han Xin were later outlaws; han xin ranked at the top, and I had not heard that Xiao He and Cao Shen had resented this. Now the King of Hanzhong respects Huang Zhong because of his temporary merits, and in his heart, how can Huang Zhong compare with you! Moreover, the King of Hanzhong and you are one and the same, solidarity and happiness. I don't think you should care about the number of officials, as well as the number of titles and titles. I am only an emissary, a man of commandments, and if you do not accept the appointment, I will go back. It's just that I feel sorry for you, I'm afraid you will regret it later. After Guan Yu listened to his words, he was greatly moved, woke up, and immediately accepted the appointment.

　　At that time, Sun Quan attacked Hefei. Cao Wei's main forces were stationed in Huainan. Yangzhou Thorn Shi Wenhui said to Yanzhou Thorn Shi Peiqian: "Although there are thieves here, it is not worth worrying about. Now the water has just risen, but the general Cao Ren of Zhengnan has gone deep alone, there is no long-term preparation, Guan Yu is strong and cunning, and he is only afraid that general Zhengnan will change. Soon, Guan Yu did order Nan Commandery Taishou Mi Fang to guard Jiangling, the general Fu Shiren to guard the public security, and he himself led an army to attack Cao Ren in Fancheng.

　　Cao Cao sent the general Ban to lead the Seventh Army to rescue Xiangfan. The Liyi general Pound engaged Guan Yu and shot an arrow into Guan Yu's forehead. At that time, Pound often rode on a white horse, and Guan Yujun was called a white horse general, and he was very jealous of him.

　　In August, the sky fell heavily for more than ten days, and the Han River soared, Guan Yu dug a river embankment to flood the forbidden army with large water, although the forbidden army was on the flat land, it was flooded by five or six zhang, and the forbidden seventh army was submerged, yu ban only climbed high with the generals to look at the water, there was no avoidance, Guan Yu attacked the forbidden army by large boat, and surrendered to the forbidden army. Cao Cao was surprised to learn of Yu Ban's surrender.

　　Guan Yu attacked Pound's army by boat, most of Pound's army surrendered to Guan Yu, Pound was outnumbered, and finally captured by Guan Yu, Pound's brother was an official in Shu Han Han, Guan Yu therefore wanted to persuade Pound to surrender, but Pound scolded and refused to surrender, so Guan Yu beheaded him.

　　Guan Yu took advantage of the victory to launch a fierce attack on Fancheng, Fancheng flooded, the city wall collapsed, and Cao Ren's defenders were also greatly reduced due to repeated defeats, leaving only a few thousand people, Fancheng was heavily besieged, cut off from the outside and inside, and the grain was almost eaten, and the generals were panicked. Cao Ren, under the persuasion of Man Yu, swore an oath with the generals to defend the city to the death. Guan Yu also sent his generals to besiege the general Lü Chang at Xiangyang. Shi Huxiu of Jingzhou and Fu Fang of Nanxiang both surrendered to Guan Yu.

　　In October of the same year, Lu Hunmin Sun Wolf and others suffered from servitude, rebelled against the rebellion, and attached guan Yu to the south, and received Guan Yu's seal from afar, for which he supported the party, and Guan Yu's momentum once threatened Huaxia.

　　At the end of 219, Cao Cao thought that Emperor Xian of Han was in Xu and was close to Guan Yu's army, and wanted to move the capital to avoid his attack, but Sima Yi and Jiang Ji dissuaded him, believing that Sun Quan must not want to see Guan Yu Dezhi, and could use the promise to seal Jiangnan to Sun Quan as a condition for him to send troops from behind to attack Guan Yu. At the same time, Cao Cao sent Xu Huang and Zhao Yu to lead an army to rescue Fancheng, and was even more prepared to personally conquer Guan Yu.

　　Xu Huang, who rescued Fancheng, felt that it would be difficult to compete with Guan Yu due to insufficient troops, but cao Cao then sent Xu Shang, Lü Jian and other generals, as well as 12 battalions of soldiers and horses such as Yin Shu and Zhu Gai to reinforce Xu Huang. Guan Yu had an army garrison at Weitou and a garrison at Shizuka. Xu Huang then threatened to attack The Head, but secretly attacked The Four Tombs. Guan Yu saw that Shizuka was in danger, so he personally led five thousand infantry and cavalry into battle, Xu Huang directly attacked, Guan Yu saw that he still retreated first. Guan Yu had ten antlers in front of the trench, Xu Huang pursued Guan Yu, and both of them entered Guan Yu's encirclement of Fancheng, the encirclement was broken, Fu Fang and Hu Xiu were killed, Guan Yu withdrew and retreated, but Guan Yu's ships were still guarding the water, and the road to Xiangyang was never passed.

　　At this time, Guan Yu learned of the loss of Nan Commandery and immediately retreated south. On the way back to the division, Guan Yu sent emissaries to contact Lü Meng many times, and Lü Meng treated Guan Yu's emissaries kindly each time, allowing various tours in the city, expressing condolences to Guan Yu's subordinate relatives and families, and someone personally wrote a trust to take him away as a proof of safety. When the emissary returned, Guan Yu's subordinates privately inquired about the situation in his home, knowing that the family was safe and had been treated more than before, so Guan Yu's soldiers had no intention of fighting anymore, and the soldiers gradually collapsed and retreated to Maicheng. In December of the same year, Guan Yu fled on horseback with dozens of horses, and broke through all the way to Linfeng (林沮, in present-day Nanzhang County, Xiangfan City, Hubei Province), which was only one or two miles away from Yizhou, where he was ambushed by Pan Zhang's general Ma Zhong, captured, and killed with his eldest son Guan Ping in Linfeng.

　　Sun Quan gave Guan Yu's first rank to Cao Cao, who buried him in Luoyang with the highest standard of ceremony, while Sun Quan buried Guan Yu's body in Dangyang, also known as Guan Ling, also known as the Tomb of the Great King of Dangyang. Shu Han built a crown tomb for Guan Yu in Chengdu, that is, the tomb of Guan Yu in Chengdu, to summon souls and sacrifices.

　　In September of the third year of Jing Yao (260), Liu Chan, the empress dowager of the Shu Han Dynasty, posthumously honored Guan Yu as the "Marquis of Zhuangmiao" when he was posthumously honoring several important ministers. His son Guan Xing inherited the title.