Rational use of greenhouse stubble can improve the efficiency of greenhouse vegetables. Through the greenhouse autumn and winter lettuce - early spring melon, summer and autumn melon planting methods, you can increase vegetable production, increase income, achieve a good effect of increasing production and income, and provide a better model for the sustainable development of facility vegetables. In order to make full use of greenhouse facilities and obtain greater benefits on limited land, various localities continue to explore high-quality and efficient models of greenhouses. Wild greenhouse autumn and winter lettuce to early spring melon to summer and autumn melon Planting mode is one of the efficient cultivation modes explored and summarized in the practice of greenhouse vegetable production in Jiashan County, Zhejiang Province. The multi-stubble efficient cultivation technology is introduced as follows.
<h1 class="article-title" >1 greenhouse autumn and winter lettuce</h1>
1.1 Select good seeds; breed good seedlings: Lettuce cultivated in autumn and winter selects hardy, high-quality, disease-resistant and high-yield varieties, such as seed capital Sanqing, seed red sword, etc. Choose well-drained, fertile soil plot seedlings, seeds with warm water soaked for about 8h, placed in the refrigerator preservation cabinet under conditions of 8 °C to 10 °C treatment for 24 h, and then put the seeds indoors, 1 to 2d seeds after whitening, sowing seedlings, 2 leaf stage first seedling, 3 leaf stage second seedling thinning, plant spacing 6cmx6cm, leaf age 5 to 6 leaf stage, seedling age of about 25d, is the appropriate period for transplanting and colonization.
1.2 Apply sufficient base fertilizer and timely colonization
Lettuce yield is high, the amount of fertilizer required is large, generally per mu of decomposition organic fertilizer 3000 to 4000kg or commercial organic fertilizer 500 to 800kg, ternary compound fertilizer 50kg, 7 to 10d before transplanting. Furrow width 1.3 to 1.5 m, row spacing 40 to 45 cm x 35 to 40 cm, plant 4000 to 5000 plants per acre. Strengthen the management of greenhouses; lettuce growth needs relatively cold and cool climatic conditions, Jiashan generally in the middle of November when the minimum temperature is close to 0 ° C when the greenhouse film, in the minimum temperature of -2 ° C to cover the inner greenhouse film, both to avoid the high temperature in the shed caused by channeling, but also to prevent low temperature frost damage, timely ventilation during the day, pay attention to heat preservation at night.
1.3 Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests
The main diseases of greenhouse lettuce are downy mildew and gray mold, and the main pest is aphids. Downy mildew can be controlled by 72% DuPont Clos 600 to 800 times, 58% methox manganese zinc 500 times and other pesticide spray control, gray mold can be controlled by pesticide sprays such as 800 to 1000 times and 25% permeth wind 600 to 800 times, aphids can be controlled by 10% net imidacloprid 1000 times, 1% insecticide 1500 times and other pesticide spray control.
1.4 Timely harvesting: The top of the main stem of lettuce and the leaf tip of the tallest leaf of the plant are usually harvested at the right time, when the stem has been fully fattened, the quality is brittle and tender, the yield is the highest, and it is the best harvesting period.
<h1 class="article-title" >2 greenhouse early spring melons</h1>
2.1 Select good varieties and breed strong seedlings: choose low temperature resistant, high quality, disease resistance and high yield varieties, such as Sanxiong No. 5, Honey World, Waldo, etc. Select the leeward and sunny plot as the seedbed, use the full nutrient matrix nutrient bowl to breed seedlings, soak the seeds before sowing, sow the seeds after the buds are exposed, and cover the cover on the seedbed furrow to keep warm and moisturize to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. Remove the covering in time after emergence, strengthen the temperature management of the seedbed, cool down the seedlings 7 days before transplanting, and spray a drug to prevent disease. Prepare the land and apply the base fertilizer; plough the soil 10 to 15 days before colonization to make a colonization furrow with a width of 2.6 to 3.0 m. One week before colonization, the base fertilizer is buried in a furrow, and 2000 to 3000 kg of rotting manure is applied per mu, and the total content of N, P205 and K20 is 20% bio-organic fertilizer 100 kg, and the mulch film is covered to prevent grass damage.
2.2 Timely colonization and strengthen temperature and light management
When the melon seedlings grow to 3 to 4 true leaves, they are planted in a creeping cultivation method, 1 row per furrow planting, the plant spacing is 30 to 33 cm, 600 to 700 plants per mu are planted, and the temperature below the surface of the ground should be ensured to be above 15 ° C when colonizing, and the temperature is regulated by multi-layer covering. After transplanting, the shed is 5 to 7d, the minimum ground temperature in the shed is above 15 ° C, and the maximum temperature in the shed during the day is above 35 ° C, so as to facilitate the rooting and seedlings after planting; after rooting, the maximum daytime temperature in the shed is about 28 ° C, and the lowest ground temperature is above 15 ° C, so as to facilitate the normal growth of melon plants; after fruit setting, the maximum daytime temperature is controlled at 30 ° C to 35 ° C, and the minimum temperature during the fruit setting period is about 18 ° C, which promotes the expansion of the fruit and is conducive to the accumulation of fruit sugar in the later stage.
2.3 Do a good job in plant adjustment
当瓜苗主蔓长至4叶时摘心，以后根据定植密度整枝，一般进行二蔓整枝留2、3节子蔓，子蔓长至25到30叶时摘心。 Sun Man before the fruit setting node was beaten off in time, and Sun Man left 2 leaves to pick the heart after the fruit set. With melon special compound wild sitting melon Lingye spray flowers, according to the characteristics of the variety and plant growth, a single plant leaves 2 to 4 fruits, and the excess fruit is like an egg in time to remove.
2.4 Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests
The main diseases of greenhouse melon are cranberry blight and powdery mildew, and the main insect pests are aphids and spotted flycatchers. Cranberine can be controlled by pesticides such as paramarin and permethiflor to the rhizome spots, powdery mildew can be controlled by 5000 times of Teflon or 200 times of 1% polyoxygen, aphids can be controlled by pesticide sprays such as 1 yu avermellone 1500 times, 1 yu imidacloprid 100 times, and spotted fly can be controlled by 1 yu avermectin 1500 times, 37 yu submerged gram 2500 times and other pesticide spray control.
2.5 Timely harvesting: According to the date of pollination and fruit setting, the first fruit ripening period in the spring is mastered at 35 to 45 days, and the second fruit maturity period is mastered at about 35 days.
<h1 class="article-title" >3 greenhouses</h1>
3.1 Select good seeds and cultivate strong seedlings: select varieties with strong growth potential, strong stress resistance, stable yield and high yield, such as Zhejiang Pu No. 6, Zhejiang Pu No. 8, etc. The seeds are soaked for 8 to 12 h to allow the seed coat to absorb enough water and expand to facilitate germination. Use a 50-hole nursery tray to raise seedlings, sow 2 seeds per bowl, cover the top with a shading net during the daytime of the seedling period, if the dish is dry, water in time in the morning and evening, and pay attention to timely prevention and control of aphids. Apply good base fertilizer, timely colonization; due to the developed root system of the melon, strong fertilizer absorption capacity, should be applied to the sole of the foot, generally per acre of decomposing organic fertilizer 2000kg, ternary compound fertilizer 30kg, soil ploughing according to the furrow width of 1.5m to do furrow, ditch or spread. 2 true leaf seedling colonization, conducive to the development of the tree, spray a disease-proof pesticide before colonization, one furrow and two rows, plant spacing of 45 to 50cm, on cloudy days or early and late colonization.
3.2 Three-layer coverage to strengthen fertilizer and water management
After the autumn melon is colonized, it is the high temperature season, with three layers of covering to cool down and moisturize, that is, in addition to covering the top with old agricultural film, the furrow surface is covered with rice and wheat grass, and then covered with shade net on sunny days. Results The latter began to fertilize, with potassium treasure, high potassium content of flush fertilization, generally 7 to 10d once, timely watering during the dry period, watering can be combined with fertilization, 3 to 5d once. Promote female flowers; when the plant has 3 to 4 true leaves, spray the leaves with a concentration of 100mg/kg with 40% ethylene li/ 15L water, which promotes the melon to turn from the side branch melon to the main vine melon, which is conducive to normal fruit setting in autumn cultivation.
3.3 Set up a good frame and straighten out the branches
After the vine is drawn, the wild well smelting frame is set up in time, and the vine is introduced to the shelf in time, the base side vine is removed, the side vine above 7 to 8 sections is left with 1 to 2 leaves to the top, the main vine grows to the top of the rack, and the melon is not more than 2 per time, and each plant is 4 to 5, and the diseased fruit and deformed fruit are removed as soon as possible.
3.4 Grasp the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: the main diseases of greenhouse autumn melon are downy mildew and anthrax, and the main insect pests are aphids and spotted flies. Downy mildew is controlled by pesticide sprays such as 72% Dupont cream 600 to 800 times and 58% methanolin manganese zinc, anthrax is controlled by pesticide sprays such as 1500 times the world's high and 25% carbonitrin 500 times, aphids are controlled by 10% net 1000 times liquid and 1% insecticide 1500 times liquid spray, and spotted flies are controlled by 37% submerged 2000 to 2500 times liquid spray
3.5 Timely harvesting
10 to 15 days after the plant flowering, the single melon weighs 250 to 400 g and harvests in time.