【Editor's Note】
In order to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the "Chronicle of Sichuan in the 70 Years of the People's Republic of China" (hereinafter referred to as "Sichuan") jointly compiled by the Party History Research Office of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Sichuan Provincial Local History Work Office recently
Memorabilia") is published and distributed by the Communist Party History Publishing House.
The main text of "Sichuan Memorabilia" is more than 700,000 words and more than 300 pictures, which objectively records the major events, important events, special events and new events in the fields of Sichuan's economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction and ecological civilization construction, and party building between October 1949 and June 2019, fully reflecting Sichuan's arduous exploration in the grand journey of socialist revolution and construction, reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era. The brilliant course and development achievements of forging ahead systematically review the experience and enlightenment condensed in Sichuan's economic and social development, and vigorously carry forward the Sichuan people's love for the motherland, the courage to take responsibility, the diligence and simplicity, selfless dedication, pioneering and innovative, never-ending spiritual outlook and fighting temperament, which will provide a strong spiritual driving force and inexhaustible cultural support for promoting the governance of Shu Xingchuan to a new level.
As of September 24, 2019,
"Fangzhi Sichuan" WeChat public account, headline number, Sohu number and Sichuan Provincial Intelligence Network released the "Sichuan Memorabilia" year by year
The whole book is full of contents. If meng chui ai reprints, please mark "Source: Fang Zhi Sichuan".
Events in Sichuan in 1949
On October 13, the CPC Central Committee appointed Deng Xiaoping as the first secretary of the Southwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Liu Bocheng as the second secretary, and He Long as the third secretary; at the same time, Liu Bocheng was appointed chairman of the Southwest Military and Political Committee, He Long was appointed commander of the Southwest Military Region of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and Deng Xiaoping was appointed as political commissar, and they respectively coordinated the work of marching into the southwest and managing the construction of the southwest. On November 23, the Southwest Bureau was formally established in Changde, Hunan Province; on november 25, the CPC Central Committee appointed Deng Xiaoping, Liu Bocheng, He Long, Song Renqian, Zhang Jichun, Li Jingquan, Chen Geng and Wang Weizhou as members of the Southwest Bureau. The Southwest Bureau is the representative organ of the CPC Central Committee in the southwest region, exercising overall leadership over the politics, economy, military, and culture of the four provinces and one city of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Xikang, and Chongqing.
The former site of the office of the Southwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in present-day Beibei, Chongqing (Image from the Internet)
On October 23, Liu Bocheng, commander of the Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army, and Deng Xiaoping, political commissar, issued the "Operational Order for Advancing into Chuanqian". According to the arrangements of the Central Military Commission and Chairman Mao Zedong, the task of sichuan-qianqian operations was to directly attack Guizhou with a major detour, capture Guiyang, enter and occupy eastern Sichuan and southern Sichuan, cut off the remnants of the Kuomintang army to escape and retreat south, and liberate Sichuan and Kang. On the 28th, the Erye Front Command Center led by Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping was established in Changde, Hunan. On the 29th, the "Supplementary Order for Advancing into Sichuan-Qianqian Operation" was issued.
Liu Bocheng, commander of the Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army, and Deng Xiaoping, political commissar (Source: Phoenix Network Sichuan Comprehensive)
On November 1, the Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army formally launched the Campaign to Liberate the Great Southwest under the command of Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping in accordance with the strategic plan of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman Mao Zedong on gathering and annihilating the enemy in the southwest and implementing the "great detour and great encirclement". The main force of the Second Field Army, with the cooperation of the First Field Army and the Fourth Field Army, launched an attack on Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Xikang from November 1. The Campaign to Liberate the Great Southwest lasted nearly two months from November 1 to December 27, during which most of the four southwestern provinces were liberated after the Battle of Chuanqian, the Battle of Chengdu, and the Battle of Kunming.
On December 8, 1949, the Independent First Division of the Hubei Provincial Military District of the People's Liberation Army marched into Wanxian County (Picture from the Internet)
On November 7, Mao Zedong sent a telegram to He Long, the Northwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Liu Bocheng, and Deng Xiaoping, in order to unify the command of the 18th Corps of the People's Liberation Army and other temporary cooperative combat units and to lead the work in northwest Sichuan, before meeting with the Southwest Bureau, to establish the Northwest Sichuan Military and Political Committee, with He Long as the director, to unify the leadership of military, political, party affairs, and democracy movements. In the course of implementation, this committee was named the "Provisional Military and Political Committee of Northwest Sichuan".
On November 14, Kuomintang agents began massacring groups of Communists and patriots imprisoned in the Chongqing Sino-American Cooperation Institute. By the 27th, more than 300 people, including Jiang Zhujun, Xu Jianye, Huang Xiansheng and Zhou Junshi, were killed. Ten people, including yang Hucheng and his wife, patriotic generals yang Hucheng and his wife, the family of Communist Party member Song Qiyun, and Chen Ran, acting secretary of the CCP special branch of the Zhenjin Bao, were killed on September 6 and October 28, respectively.
One of the two largest "living coffins" of the "Sino-US Cooperation Institute" - the "White Mansion" prison (picture from the Internet)
In mid-November, the Battle of Nanchuan County North began. This battle was a famous encirclement and annihilation battle of the People's Liberation Army against the Kuomintang army in the Nanchuan County area of Sichuan Province in the Liberation Campaign of the Great Southwest. The Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army broke through the two wings of the 14th and 20th Corps under the jurisdiction of the Nationalist Army's Suijing Office in the Xiang'e Border Region of Sichuan and Xiang'e, and conquered Xiushan, Youyang, and Enshi; by 21 July, it had intercepted and annihilated four divisions of the 14th Corps of the Song Xilian Group in the northeastern area of Xianfeng, Hubei Province; and the remnants of the Song Xilian Group had hurriedly crossed the Wujiang River. Subsequently, the main force of the 3rd Corps of the Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army and the 47th Army of the Fourth Field Army crossed the Wu River from Gongtan, north of Pengshui, Baima and Tukan respectively, detouring, intercepting, and interspersing in many ways, and finally dividing and encircling the 20th and 15th Corps of the Kuomintang Army that retreated to the area north of Nanchuan, and cutting off their retreat from the Qijiang River in the west; after several days of fierce fighting, by the 28th, more than 30,000 kuomintang troops were annihilated.
On November 30, the People's Liberation Army entered Chongqing, and Chongqing was officially liberated. On the same day, the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, and Chen Xilian, Zhang Linzhi, and Cao Diqiu were appointed as the first, second, and third secretaries. The Chongqing Municipal Military Control Commission was established on December 3, with Zhang Jichun as its director.
On November 30, 1949, Chongqing was liberated (Source: Sichuan Full Record of the 20th Century)
On the same day, the Southwest Branch of Xinhua News Agency was established in Chongqing, and on December 4, it began broadcasting the press release of the headquarters.
From the beginning of November onwards, the Chongqing underground organization of the Communist Party of China carried out the work of welcoming and protecting the city in accordance with the instructions of the higher authorities on "preserving forces, protecting the city, welcoming liberation, and cooperating with the takeover.". Previously, the Kuomintang army, police, xian, and special government carried out a large-scale sabotage plan in Chongqing, and various arsenals, power plants, and steel plants became the main targets of their sabotage. The Leading Group for Factory Protection established by the Chongqing underground organization of the Communist Party of China led the workers in the struggle to protect the factory, and protected important power generation, water supply, machinery and equipment. Liu Jiayi, a technician and communist party member of the Dadukou Iron and Steel Factory, and 84 workers and their families at the Liujiatai Arsenal in Jiangbei Province, died in the struggle to protect the factory.
On December 2, the Central People's Government instructed Liu Bocheng, chairman of the Southwest Military and Political Committee, to establish the Southwest Military and Political Committee and its internal organs in accordance with the General Rules for the Organization of the People's Government Committees of the Greater Administrative Regions and in light of the actual conditions in the Southwest to exercise the functions of local political organs. On June 28, 1950, the Central People's Government approved the appointment of He Long, Deng Xiaoping, Xiong Kewu, Long Yun, Liu Wenhui, and Wang Weizhou as vice chairmen of the Southwest Military and Political Committee, and 87 people, including Jiang Zhen, Wang Jinshan, Song Renqian, and Li Jingquan, as members.
Group photo of the participants and observers of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Southwest Military and Political Committee (Photo from the Internet)
On December 7, Kuomintang military command agents burned all the archives of the Kuomintang Sichuan Provincial Special Committee (hereinafter referred to as the "Provincial Special Committee") located in Chengdu's General Yamen, and transported 32 political prisoners detained in the provincial special committee detention center to the Waixi Twelve Bridges for collective massacre. Also known as the "One Two Seven" massacre. Most of the victims were ccp members, members of the Democratic League, members of the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee, and other progressive students and democrats who had been arrested, as well as political prisoners who had been transferred from the secret service organs of the counties around Chengdu to the provincial special committee. After the liberation of Chengdu, the Chengdu Municipal Military Control Commission organized manpower to excavate the remains of the deceased at the Waixi Twelve Bridges and Fuqintai, and on January 19, 1950, more than 1,000 people from all walks of life in Chengdu participated in the public sacrifice activities for the martyrs of the Waixi Twelve Bridges and Fuqintai. On January 20, the remains of 32 martyrs of the Waixi Twelve Bridges, 3 martyrs of Fuqintai, and zhou Conghua, a martyr who died in the Chongqing White Mansion, were relocated to the Qingyang Palace Martyrs' Cemetery (now in the Chengdu City Cultural Park).
Tomb of the Twelve Bridges Martyrs (Image from the Internet)
On December 10, Xinhua Daily was published in Chongqing. Xinhua Daily was founded in Hankou on January 11, 1938, as an organ newspaper of the Yangtze River Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. The Xinhua Daily, published in Chongqing this time, is an organ newspaper of the Southwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. After November 1, 1952, Xinhua Daily was changed to the organ newspaper of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China.
On the same day, the Chongqing Municipal Military Control Commission issued a notice announcing that the renminbi issued by the Chinese Bank was the only legal currency in circulation in the market.
On December 11, the Chongqing Municipal People's Government was established, and Chen Xi was appointed as the mayor. Chongqing municipality administers 18 districts and Beibei Management Office, of which the first, second, third, fourth and eighth districts are administrative districts equivalent to the prefecture-level, and the fifth, sixth and seventh districts are equivalent to county-level administrative districts; with an area of 164 square kilometers and a population of more than 1 million.
Chen Xilian (Picture from the Internet)
On December 19, the Cpc Chuannan District Committee was formally established in Zigong, with Li Dazhang as the first secretary. Earlier, in June 1949, Deng Xiaoping presided over a meeting of cadres of the Second Field Corps of the People's Liberation Army in Nanjing, announcing the decision of the central authorities to divide Sichuan Province into four provincial-level administrative districts of eastern Sichuan, southern Sichuan, western Sichuan, and northern Sichuan, and to form four district party committees; Chongqing was a municipality directly under the central government. The Chuannan District Committee was established in the process of the Liberation Army's liberation of the city of southern Sichuan. After the establishment of the Chuannan District Committee, it was moved to Lu County in January 1950.
On December 21, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping issued an order for the Battle of Chengdu, and the People's Liberation Army on the north and south lines quickly entered the battle. This battle was a major battle in the Battle to Liberate the Great Southwest. Beginning in early December, under the command of He Long, Zhou Shidi, and Li Jingquan, the Middle, Left, and Right Route Armies of the People's Liberation Army on the Northern Front entered Sichuan from Baoji and Hanzhong Roads, entered and occupied the important towns of northern Sichuan and central Sichuan, and squeezed Hu Zongnan, director of the Kuomintang's Suijing Office in the Sichuan-Xiang'e Border Region, and other remnants of the Kuomintang troops in and around Chengdu. The PLA entered a combined attack position against the enemy in its entirety. The five corps of the 3rd and 5th Corps of the People's Liberation Army on the southern front traveled day and night, and under the command of Yang Yong, commander of the 3rd Corps, and Du Yide, deputy commander of the 5th Corps, attacked and advanced all the way, quickly liberating Yibin, Luzhou, Neijiang, Zigong, Leshan, Emei, Meishan, Hongya, Mingshan, and other places, and then successively conquering Qionglai, Dayi, And Chongqing counties, completing the encirclement of the remnants of the Kuomintang army in Sichuan. During this period, Liu Wenhui, chairman of the Kuomintang regime in Xikang Province, and Deng Xihou and Pan Wenhua, deputy chiefs of the Southwest Military and Political Governor's Office, announced the uprising. On December 25, under the attack of the People's Liberation Army on the north and south lines, the Kuomintang troops stationed in the Chengdu area abandoned their positions and fled; on the 26th, the 5th Corps of the Kuomintang Army, which broke through from Chengdu to Ya'an, was blocked on the xinjin and Qionglai fronts. By the evening of the 27th, the People's Liberation Army divided and surrounded the enemy army, destroying the enemy positions one by one, and Li Wen, commander of Huzong's southern corps, and more than 50,000 other people surrendered. The Battle of Chengdu came to an end, annihilating more than 300,000 enemy troops.
Uprising general Deng Xihou (image from the Internet)
On December 25, Xichuan People's Daily, hosted by Tian Yiping, an underground member of the Communist Party of China, was launched in Chengdu. Published on December 31, the newspaper was the predecessor of Chuanxi Daily and later became an integral part of Sichuan Daily.
On December 26, the Cpc Chuandong District Committee was established on the south bank of Chongqing. Before the official establishment of the Chuandong District Committee, it co-located with the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China. During the preparations for the Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army to enter Changde, Hunan Province, the Southwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee announced the list of members of the leading body after taking over Chongqing: the Cpc Chuandong District Committee and the Chongqing Municipal Party Committee, and the secretaries were Chen Xilian, Zhang Linzhi, and Cao Diqiu.
Chengdu was peacefully liberated on December 27. On the 29th, 123 units in Chengdu jointly organized a liberation conference from all walks of life in the capital of Sichuan Province to welcome the victory of the People's Liberation Army into Chengdu. On the 30th, the 18th Corps of the First Field Army of the People's Liberation Army commanded by He Long held an entrance ceremony to the enthusiastic cheers of the citizens of Chengdu; on the same day, the Chuanxi Military Region of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was established, and Zhou Shi was the first commander and political commissar.
On December 27, 1949, Chengdu was peacefully liberated. The picture shows all walks of life in Chengdu welcoming the People's Liberation Army into the city (Xinhua News Agency, photo provided)
In December, the Chongqing Municipal Military Control Commission sent military representatives to 80 bureaucratic capital enterprises affiliated with the former Kuomintang government, confiscating 127.28 million yuan (old currency) of fixed assets, accounting for 79% of Chongqing's industrial fixed assets that year, as well as a large amount of gold, silver, US dollar bills, rice, salt, automobiles and other materials. On January 13, 1950, the Chengdu Municipal Military Control Commission announced that the confiscation of bureaucratic capital in accordance with the law would be owned by the state. Since then, all parts of Sichuan have also separately cleaned up and confiscated bureaucratic capital, changed it into state-owned capital, and established the first batch of public-private joint ventures in Sichuan on the basis of confiscating the shares of bureaucratic capital.