Taiwan's large-scaled loach pond is an integrated technology for efficient and healthy breeding, which increases production and efficiency
The integrated technology of efficient and healthy aquaculture in Taiwan loach pond makes full use of the resources of the hot area of Banna Prefecture, and vigorously develops famous and excellent aquatic products and develops the ecological characteristics of the hot area in accordance with the goal of "expanding the aquaculture industry and developing freshwater fish in the hot area". With the surge in demand for loach, wild loach resources have been decreasing, and artificial loach farming has begun in most areas.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >1 Characteristics of Taiwan's large scales</h1>
Taiwan loach, also known as large-scaled sublodina, has a living water temperature of 10 to 30 °C, and the most suitable water temperature is 25 to 27 °C. The juvenile stage feeds on zooplankton, mosquito larvae, silk earthworms, etc. Adult loach feeds mainly on plants. It is generally eaten at night.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >2 project demonstration implementation</h1>
2.1 Project implementation location
The project carried out efficient and healthy aquaculture of Taiwan's large-scaled loach pond in four townships, including Menghai Town, Mengsha Town, Mengchao Town, and Mengsong Township in Menghai County.
2.2 Completion
In January 2017, the site selection of 225 mu of demonstration pond was completed, and the transformation and equipment installation were carried out, the seed stocking was completed at the end of April, and the demonstration of loach culture in Taiwan was completed in June, achieving the expected effect of 700 kg per mu.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >3 manages the technical route</h1>
3.1 Breeding sites
The specific implementation site of this project is Mankai Village, Manjin Village Committee of Mengsong Township, Menghai County.
3.2 Pond excavation and facility setup
The design excavated into an 80×25 meters rectangle, 120 cm deep, erected anti-escape bird net. Loach has a burrowing instinct and is difficult to fish. It is necessary to take good measures to prevent escape, and at the same time to prevent predators from entering the breeding area. Along the four sides of the pond, a trench 30 cm deep and 20 cm wide was dug 60 cm from the pond mound for laying a netting. The height of the net is 40 cm higher than the maximum water level. The net is supported by a steel pipe with a diameter of 4 cm and a spacing of 5 m. The material of the anti-escape net is polyethylene mesh, the mesh is 40 mesh, the anti-bird mesh mesh is 2cm, and the inlet is more than 0.4cm above the water surface.
3.3 Loach stocking
10 days before the release of loach seedlings, clean the loach pond, plug the loopholes, dredge the drainage pipes, clear the pond with quicklime, that is, apply 20 kg of quicklime per mu at a water depth of 10cm, and immediately after the quicklime is mixed with hydration slurry, the whole pond is evenly sprinkled. After 3 days of clearing the pond, the pond is watered by 30 cm, and 30 kg per mu of fermented farm manure is applied, so that the loach seedlings can feed on a suitable base bait organism after the pond is lowered. In addition to the application of base fertilizer, it should also be timely topdressed according to the water color, and the water color is yellow-green.
3.4 Clear pond disinfection
Pond clearing with chlorine dioxide or povidone iodine. Use 500 ml per acre and sprinkle 30 liters of water throughout the pool. After 3 days, add 1.2 meters of water, 150 kg of fermented farm manure, 5 kg of urea, 5 kg of calcium superphosphate, and 5 kg of microecological preparations per mu to promote the large number of plankton in the water.
3.5 Seed stocking
On the 6th day of fertilizer water, loach seedlings were released, and the stocking density was strictly controlled, and 80,000 seedlings of 3 cm per mu were released. 20 17 cm grass carp fry are stocked per acre outside the escape net to clear the weeds and bait around the pond.
3.6 Aquaculture management
3.6.1 Feed Selection
Feed that meets national standards, does not contain banned drugs and illegal additives, and has a protein content of more than 36% of Yunnan agricultural puffed feed.
3.6.2 Aeration equipment
The 78-acre pond is equipped with three 3 kW aerators each.
3.6.3 Feed feeding, using whole pool sprinkling
At the seedling stage, it is fed according to 7% of body weight, and fed 4 times a day from 8 to 18 o'clock. After 15 days, the powder and 0.8 mm puffed mixture are started, and after reaching 6 cm, the 0.8 mm puffed granule is started.
In the middle and late stages, it is fed according to 4% of body weight, and fed 3 times a day from 9 to 18 o'clock. And timely observation of loach activity and water quality changes.
3.7 Water quality control
To maintain the pond water quality "fat, live, cool", the water color to yellow-green is better, the transparency is 20 ~ 30cm is appropriate, the content of dissolved oxygen reaches 3.5 mg / l or more, the pH value is 7.6 ~ 8.8, the early stage of breeding is mainly to add water, loach seedlings should be changed 3 times within 1 month after the pond, once every 10 days, after the water change, the water should be fertilized after the water change, and the water should be changed once in the middle and late stage of breeding, and the water exchange is 20 to 50%. When the transparency of the pond water is greater than 25 cm, organic fertilizer is added. When the transparency is less than 20 cm, reduce or stop the application of topdressing. When the water color is found to be tea-brown or the dissolved oxygen of the water body is less than 2 mg / l, it is necessary to fill new water or replace part of the old water in time, turn on the aerator regularly to avoid the stress response of loach; usually fertilize once every 15 days, each time about 15 kg of urea per mu, keep the pool water yellow-green.
3.8 Disease prevention
Adhere to the principle of "putting prevention first and paying equal attention to prevention and treatment". After the loach seedlings are released in the pond, they must be insecticidal, disinfected, changed to the bottom, diverted water, and fertilized.
Once a month, disinfect once in 15 days, use povidone iodine, after three days with biological bottom medicine, the next day with water transfer treasure and other water transfer, the next day with biological fertilizer water medicinal fertilizer.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >4 benefit analysis</h1>
4.1 Ecological benefits
The use of ecological breeding methods, in accordance with pollution-free, aquatic products production standards to organize production, the environment does not produce pollution, while the use of ecological breeding technology model, not only reduce costs, save energy, improve product quality.
4.2 Economic benefits, taking 1 mu as an example:
The pond rent is 1200 yuan / mu / year, and two batches can be raised every year, each batch is 600 yuan.
Purchase loach seedlings for 4,000 yuan, put 80,000 per mu, 0.5 yuan per tail.
Bait cost: a total of 5902 yuan.
Fishing medicine, electricity, net gear, labor wages, etc.: a total of 725 yuan
Breeding cycle: generally more than 3 months to mature, the total cost of about 11227 yuan
Output: 1 mu of loach on the surface of the water, 80,000 seedlings, the output of 757 kg. The market price of commercial loach is calculated at 28 yuan / kg, and the yield income per mu is 21196.
Profit: 21196-11227 = 9969 yuan.
4.3 Social Benefits
After the completion of this project, it will fill the gap in loach farming in Xishuangbanna Prefecture, and drive the development of loach farming in Menghai County and surrounding areas, adding icing on the cake for the development of xishuangbanna's famous and excellent aquatic products and increasing rural labor employment opportunities.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >5 problems</h1>
5.1 The input cost is high, the stocking density of seedlings is large, the amount of feed is large, the price of seed and feed has risen, and the efficiency of breeding has dropped significantly.
5.2 The breeding technology is not yet fully mature, loach culture is highly intensive, the quality and specification of seedlings, the quality and quality of feed, the length of the breeding cycle and other factors will bring breeding risks.
5.3 Menghai County's loach brand building has not yet been completed, sales channels are limited to market sales, and finished product processing and network sales are a deficiency.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >6 Next steps</h1>
Increase the intensity of training, improve the technical content of loach farming, make full use of existing resources, increase efficiency with yield, introduce new technologies, new varieties and advanced production and operation methods, improve the sales network, combined with tourism development, and increase economic benefits.