The previous introduction of common diseases and control methods of pear trees for everyone, then the next thing to share for the majority of growers will be a variety of insect pests of pear trees and control methods and small skills, to help fruit growers and friends in planting pear trees to solve their worries.
Today I want to introduce you to the peach small heartworm, also known as the peach borer fruit moth, referred to as "peach small", belongs to the lepidoptera fruit moth family. Then someone must ask, why does the peach heartworm harm the pear? Is it the same pest as the pear heartworm?
Today, we will mainly carry out a comprehensive analysis of the matters related to the harm of peach heartworms to pear fruits, and help the majority of pear tree planting friends to solve problems in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. It will explain the peach heartworm from five aspects, from introducing the symptoms of harm to the specific prevention and control details, and see how to eliminate the peach heartworm under the pear tree one by one.
Peach small heartworm larvae harm pear fruit
First, for the pest of crops Peach small heartworm is widely distributed in China's north latitude 31 ° north, east of 102 ° east of the northern fruit producing areas. Parasitic plants include apples, pears, bonuses, begonias, hawthorns, peaches, plum apricots, dates, etc., of which apples, pears, dates, hawthorns are the most affected.
Second, for the symptoms of pest, the peach small heartworm moth infests the fruit with larvae, and the fruit face of the worm fruit is mothed into a small hole, healed into a small dot, and the moth hole is concave around the hole, often with a bluish green color. The worm path inside the flesh is curved and longitudinal, and the heart of the fruit is hollowed out and there is a large amount of insect feces, commonly known as sugar filling. The fruit surface has large defoaming holes, and the surrounding area is easy to become black and rotten. The early insect fruit is deformed, and the later insect fruit is not deformed, and it all turns yellow early and falls off.
Peach small heartworm infested pears
Third, morphological characteristics of peach small heart-eating worm adult insects are all grayish white or gray-brown. Female moths are 7 to 8 mm long and have a wingspan of 16 to 18 mm, while males are 5 to 6 mm long and have a wingspan of 13 to 15 mm.
There is a large blue-black triangular spot in the middle of the near leading edge of the forewing, and there are 7 clusters of blue-brown oblique scales at the base and middle of the wing, with gray-brown marginal hairs, gray-gray hindwings, and long marginal hairs and light gray.
The male moth's lower lip must be short, and the female moth's lower lip must be long and straight; the eggs are dark red, barrel-shaped, and the bottom is attached to the fruit. The egg shell has an irregular slightly oval pattern. At the top of the eggshell, 1/4 of the annular 2 to 3 circles of "ya" shaped expansives are born.
Peach small heartworm adult
The terminal larvae are 13 to 16 mm long, all peach-red, the juvenile larvae are yellowish or white, the anterior thoracic lateral hair group has 2 hairs, the toe hook is a monophalange ring, and the valve of the eighth abdominal segment is closer to the dorsal midline than the valve of the other segments. No hips.
The pupa is about 7 mm long, yellowish-white when pupated, and a gradient of grayish-black. The cocoon is divided into two kinds of cocoons, the winter cocoon is tightly silky, flat and round, about 5mm long; the summer cocoon is loose, spindle-shaped, and about 8mm long. The outside of the cocoon is covered with soil sand grains.
Peach small heartworms enter the soil as long cocoon pupae
Fourth, the habits of life Peach small heartworm in the northern pear producing areas mostly occur in 1 generation a year, with old mature larvae as winter cocoons, in the soil under the tree, terrace walls, fruit farm soil and root neck overwintering. In the pear-producing area of western Liaoning, the overwintering larvae began to be excavated in late June, and in mid-to-late July, they entered the peak of excavation and continued until early August. Adults occur from late June to mid-August, with a peak period from July to early August. Adults have weak phototropism.
Adult peach heartworms emerge day and night, and each female lays 40 to 200 eggs. The eggs are laid at the calyx of the pear, and from the fruit face the flesh of the moth, the borer hole is very small. The larvae eat the flesh of the fruit and feed on the seed kernels, causing the fruit to turn yellow early. The fruit is filled with worm dung and loses its commodity value.
The larvae are harmful in the fruit for more than 20 days, bite a large fruit hole to the outside of the fruit, and directly land on the ground after the fruit is shed, the area around the fruit hole is perishable and black, and the worm fruit is easy to fall off. Larval defruiting usually begins in late August and is at its peak in September. Early fruitless landing larvae crawl into the wintering site to overwinter in a wintering cocoon. After fruit picking, the larvae have not yet shed fruit, and they are transported to the fruit pile, fruit bank and other places with the pear fruit to emerge one after another and form a cocoon in the soil for the winter.
Peach small heartworm eggs
Fifth, prevention and control methods
1. Artificial control Before the peach heartworm larvae overwinter out, open the soil of the rhizome of the pear tree, scrape the trunk old coarse bark, warped skin and other insect cocoon wintering places. Remove the insect fruit in a timely manner, and take the insect fruit out of the park for centralized processing before the diseased insect fruit falls off.
2. Booby traps placed black lights in the garden or uses sexual seduction to trap adult insects to reduce the mating and breeding rate of peach small heartworm populations.
The park prevents black light to trap adult insects
3, ground spray peach small heartworm in the fruiting stage and excavation period, the larvae are exposed, the ground application of the agent can be directly in contact with the insect body, so there is a fairly good insecticidal effect, the newly feathered adult insects also have a good toxic killing effect.
4, tree spraying spraying on the tree can kill eggs and primary larvae, but also can achieve a good control effect, but because the peach small heartworm in China's main pear production area of the egg occurrence period is exactly the rainy season, some years often encounter continuous rain and can not spray or reduce the efficacy of the drug, insect infestation is serious, relying solely on tree spraying control has a certain risk. Therefore, the prevention and control of peach small heartworms should be well controlled on both the ground and the tree.
High quality brown peel pear
The above is mainly a detailed description of the peach heartworm and the harmful symptoms and prevention methods on the pear tree, hoping to help the growers who are troubled by the peach heartworm to grow high-quality and high-yield pears. If you have a better prevention and control method, please leave a message in the product discussion area.