Crucian carp and carp are the two most common species of fish on Chinese tables. Crucian carp has tender meat, high nutritional value and a large number of minerals; carp has a high protein content and a digestion rate of up to 96% in the human body. After more than ten years of research, the research group headed by Academician Liu Yun of the College of Life Sciences of Hunan Normal University has cultivated a series of new fish species, Xiangyun carp and Xiangyun carp. This article focuses on the Xiangyun crucian carp.
Xiangyun carp
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > the father of Xiangyun carp</h1>
Liu Yun is a famous fish reproductive physiologist in China, one of the founders of the basic theoretical research and artificial breeding technology of artificial reproduction of four major fish in China, and one of the founders of the reproductive physiology research and artificial breeding technology of Chinese turtle in China. Hunan locals affectionately call him "Fish Academician". In the 1960s, Liu Yun led the research team to achieve artificial induction of ovulation of four large fish, and since then, he has Chinese table because he has had one more fish. In the 1970s and 1980s, Liu Yun's team devoted themselves to the study of reproductive physiology and artificial breeding techniques of Chinese turtles and bullfrogs. This allows aquatic products such as turtles and bullfrogs to be served on the table of ordinary people. In the 1980s, he set his sights on the comprehensive technology of combining cell engineering and sexual hybridization, and established the first fish polyploid gene bank in China, cultivated xiangyun carp and xiangyun carp, and realized industrialization in 1998.
Unfortunately, the chinese footballer in the field of fish research, a life model, died on January 21, 2015, at the age of 86.
Academician Liu Yun
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" > Xiangyun carp is also called engineering crucian carp</h1>
The Xiangyun crucian carp is a triploid fish that most aquaculture farmers call it an engineered crucian carp, which is cultivated using a combination of cell engineering techniques and sexual hybridization. Triploid is the combination of gametes produced by a tetraploidy and a gamete produced by a diploid by fertilization. In general, tetraploids are obtained by treating diploids.
Xiangyun crucian carp takes the tetraploid gene bank fish as the father and the diploid Japanese crucian carp as the mother, and after sexual hybridization, the triploid Xiangyun carp is obtained. Triploid organisms are difficult to meiosis to form gametes, usually infertile, so Xiangyun carp also has this property.
Xiangyun carp is a tetraploid gene bank fish as the father, diploid common carp as the mother, and triploid carp obtained after sexual hybridization, which is different in appearance from Xiangyun carp, but has the excellent characteristics of Xiangyun carp.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" > characteristics of Xiangyun carp</h1>
Big size grow fast
The shape of the Xiangyun crucian carp is not much different from that of ordinary crucian carp, and the adult fish is generally 1.5 to 2 times the body length of ordinary crucian carp, the head length is 2.7 times, and the tail stalk is also relatively long. Due to its own sterility, the growth rate is 3-5 times faster than that of ordinary crucian carp, according to some farmers, Xiangyun crucian carp can grow 2 to 3 catties in 1 year.
Suitable for growing in a wide range of waters
Xiangyun crucian carp has strong stress resistance, due to the advantages of polyploid hybridization, strong resistance to low oxygen, strong low temperature resistance, and water temperature above 10 °C can grow normally, so it is suitable for breeding in most parts of the country. And because of its sterile characteristics, Xiangyun crucian carp can be polycultured with other species of fish, without worrying about rebreeding with other fish.
Easy to feed and easy to catch
Xiangyun carp can be said to have inherited the excellent traits of the father and mother. It not only inherits the characteristics of the father's heterogeneous and extensive diet, the feed coefficient (the feed weight consumed by the increase of one unit weight of farmed fish) is relatively low, and it also eats part of the plankton; it also inherits the characteristics of the mother's non-mud, so the Xiangyun crucian carp is easy to catch, and the net catch rate is as high as 80%.
The market outlook is good
The proportion of internal organs of Xiangyun crucian carp is small, and the gonadal development is relatively poor, so the muscle thickness is visible to the naked eye higher than that of other crucian carp, the edible part is 20% higher than that of ordinary crucian carp, and there is no muscle spine of other crucian carp, which is suitable for the elderly and children. Xiangyun crucian carp meat is tender, eating has a special "sweet taste", high nutritional price, protein content is more than 10% of ordinary crucian carp, the human body is easy to digest and absorb.
After the cultivation of Xiangyun crucian carp and Xiangyun carp, they were approved as excellent varieties by the National Aquatic Origin and Fine Species Approval Committee, and approved the promotion of breeding throughout the country. According to the region, rice field culture, pond single polyculture method, reservoir culture method and cage culture method are used. Experiments have shown that the Crucian carp can get better yields in any farming environment. The model of rice field development and pond polyculture can increase the yield by 100 kg per mu, and the yield per cubic meter of cage culture is as high as 200 kg.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="13" > Xiangyun carp cannot breed where the fry come from</h1>
Many people may be confused, Xiangyun crucian carp itself is sterile, and farmers cannot buy fish fry once and then rely on breeding to obtain new fry. After selling the fish every year, is it necessary to buy new fry?
Yes, Xiangyun carp and hybrid rice is a truth, because it can not reproduce, so you can only keep good parents to ensure that the breeding can be carried out normally. The breeding company is responsible for the entire seed preparation process. At present, Hunan Xiangyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. has all the intellectual property rights of Xiangyun carp and Xiangyun carp seed breeding technology, which can supply 1 billion fish fry per year. The Crucian carp was popular when it first entered the market from 1998 to the beginning of 2000, and fry were also more expensive. But now there are more people farming, fry and adult fish are not so expensive, and the cost of buying fry is far lower than the cost of farmers themselves, so it is only necessary to buy fry farming every year.
Xiangyun crucian carp fry
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="15" > why Xiangyun carp is not as expensive as before</h1>
In the early stage of Xiangyun crucian carp breeding, the people liked it, the economic benefits were good, and many farmers adopted the duck-filling breeding method to pursue high yield. Resulting in Xiangyun crucian carp meat quality and taste is getting worse and worse, more people miss the taste of earth crucian carp, plus some people think that Xiangyun crucian carp this kind of engineering fish is genetically modified fish, eat it is not assured, unwilling to buy it, often there are vendors with Xiangyun crucian carp impersonated as earth crucian carp. Soil crucian carp grows slowly, the number is small, the price is high, and the use of Xiangyun crucian carp to impersonate soil crucian carp can obtain higher economic benefits, but it is always the consumer who suffers.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="37" > so how should we distinguish between crucian carp and crucian carp? </h1>
Discern from the size
As we mentioned above, the body length of Xiangyun crucian carp is about 2 times that of ordinary crucian carp, and the smallest Xiangyun crucian carp sold on the market has 7 or 8 two, the heaviest is 1 kg, and the largest earth crucian carp is only about 0.5 kg. If the trader uses immature Xiangyun crucian carp juvenile to impersonate the earth crucian carp, it can be identified in another way.
Discern from the scales
The scales of the Xiangyun crucian carp are not as black as the earth crucian carp, the fishing line and scale arrangement are relatively blurred, and the fishing line of the earth crucian carp is very clear. The scales of the Xiangyun crucian carp are relatively soft, and the number of scales that emerge from the lateral line is denser than that of the earth crucian carp.
Comparison of Crucian carp and crucian carp
In fact, Xiangyun carp or Xiangyun carp are safe new varieties of fish, although there is artificial intervention, but the nature is similar to hybrid rice, mules, and has nothing to do with genetic modification. Some people even think that eating infertile Xiangyun carp will also lead to people's own infertility, which is simply a fantasy.