Hanling Township, Anyang County, has introduced flower seeds and yams for more than ten years. By changing traditional planting techniques, a new model of high-quality, high-yielding, and efficient flowered seed potato cultivation was explored. Compared with ordinary technology, this technique has five main characteristics: (1) the appearance and quality of the tubers are good, crisp, thin and shiny, the whisker roots are short and short, rich in mucus, the tubers are round and uniform, and the white cross-section . (2) High output. The yield of the general plot on 667 square meters is about 5000 kg, and the yield of high yield plots is more than 6 500 kg, an increase of more than 30% compared with conventional planting techniques. (3) Significantly improve efficiency. Since the yield has increased significantly and the quality has increased significantly, the economic benefits have doubled. (4) Save water. In addition to watering the bottom, most years do not need to be watered again. In special dry years, small amounts of water are also used to water. As a result, water and electricity are also saved compared to ordinary cultivation techniques. (5) Save labor. Compared to traditional techniques, the looseness of the soil is effectively maintained due to the water that is first poured into the bottom wall and then drained out. In addition to being suitable for yam growth, there is no need for deep ploughing when planting, and when planing yam, it can save labor and can save more than 20% of the working time.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >1 trenching</h1>
1.1 Site Selection
Site selection is the basic condition for high yield. The selected land is required to be rich in nutrients, high in organic matter, good in physical properties, deep in soil, flat in terrain, easy to irrigate and drainage, and free of pollution of sandy soil or sandy loam soil.
1.2 Pour the sole wall water
At the end of March and the beginning of April, the yam farm was razed to the ground and water was poured into the bottom wall, about 40 cubic meters of water per 667
1.3 Apply plantar fertilizer
For every 667 square meters of land excavated, 5,000 tons of fully cooked high-quality organic fertilizer, 200 tons of cooked cake fertilizer, 50 tons of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 30 potassium stew sulfate are used as basic fertilizers. The fertilizer must be mixed with the soil.
1.4 Machine trenching
There are two types of ditches: one with a height of 120 cm, a width of 50 cm, and a depth of 100 to 160 cm, with two rows per ridge. The other is 100 cm in pitch, 30 cm in width and the same depth. Plant 1 row at a time. Both have their own strengths. The former is suitable for dense planting, and the yield is generally higher; the latter is denser and must retain seedlings, but is not prone to potholes. Regardless of the tillage method, the height of the ridge is 20-30 cm, and the width of the ridge is 10 cm larger than the width of the ditch to ensure that no ditch will appear during heavy rain.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >2 species</h1>
Seed potatoes with smooth skin, fresh flesh, no shrinkage, no decay, no frost, hard texture, and no pests and diseases should be selected. Seed potatoes with brown, dehydrated and diseased meat should be removed in a timely manner. To use the yam plant as a seed potato, choose a fully mature tuber and cut it into tops of 15 to 20 cm for use as seeds. To use fries as seed potatoes, choose a fruity tuber about 3 cm in diameter and cut 10-15 cm of fries for seeding. The lower third of the tubers are usually not used for sowing.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > 3 kinds of potatoes processed</h1>
3.1 Sunning seeds
Sun exposure usually takes place in mid-March. Dry the yam plants for 5-10 days (days) and be careful when using yam in sections 10-15. When the temperature is low at night, the cold protection device should be covered. When the sun is strong at noon, please use a mat for shade. After drying, the seed potatoes should shrink inward, the middle of the cross-section will crack, the skin will turn gray, and green marks can be drawn, and the weight should be reduced by 20% to 30%.
3.2 Impregnation of seeds
To prevent tuberculosis at the seedling stage, soak dried seed potatoes with 25% carbendazim wettable powder 200-300 times liquid for 10 to 12 h (hours); soak the seeds in a liquid for 15 minutes (minutes); you can also use 500 g of 25% carbendazim powder, add water and 50 tons. Mix 10 to 15 kg of clay together and mix well. Soak the seed potatoes in a puree for 10 to 15 minutes, then remove the sprout seeds. In order to improve the emergence uniformity of tubers and early seedlings, carbendazim soaked seeds can also be mixed with an appropriate amount of gibberellin. The method is to soak the seeds with 2~3 mg/kg gibberellin solution for 10-12 hours, which can promote yam germination in advance, but the dose must be mastered (generally yam is not treated).
3.3 Germination
After soaking, the yam is dried and entered into the greenhouse for germination. Seed germination is the basis for the whole seedling, uniform, fruitful. The germination temperature of seeds is generally controlled between 20 and 25, which can be used for foreign flags, small arches, greenhouses, greenhouses, etc. After seeding in the field, the germination standard of the tubers is about 1 cm.
3.4 Colonization
When planting fields, the ground temperature is required to be stable above 10, and the trench spacing is designed to be 120 cm, first open two small trenches 7-10 cm deep on the ridge, then turn the plant buds upwards, and then place them in a straight direction in the ditch. Each ridge is staggered into two rows, the row spacing within the ridge is 30-40 cm, the plant spacing is 20 cm, and 4500-5000 plants are planted every 667 square meters. After sowing, cover the soil 8-10 cm thick and plant a ridge on both sides of the ditch that is wider than 10 cm and on both sides is 20 to 30 cm high. The width of the covering should be maintained 10 to 12 cm outside the ridge. If the trench spacing is designed to be 100 cm, a trench should be opened in the middle of the ridge. Plants spaced 20 cm apart should plant 3,000 plants per 667 square meters. Germinate about 1 cm before sowing.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >4 field management</h1>
4.1 Racking
Yam is a climbing plant of vines, and its development is not conducive to ventilation and light transmission, and does not increase the yield of yam. The yam was thrown away quickly after the seedlings emerged, and the vines were thin and tender and could easily be broken by the wind. Therefore, the seedlings should be erected in time after emergence, and their height should be 1.5 m. You can use "herringbone", triangle and square shapes.
4.2 Weeding
When the yam grows up, it is necessary to cultivate and weed in time to raise the ground temperature and protect the soil. However, tillage should be shallow and not deep. After each watering and rainfall, shallow tillage should be carried out to maintain good soil permeability. Acetochlor can also be used for soil closure weeding before emergence. After emergence, cover grass can be used to control various grasses and weeds. Covering the bottom with straw can also achieve the effect of increasing fertilizer, retaining walls and killing weeds.
4.3 Sparse seedlings
If there are several seedlings after the yam emerges, the weak seedlings should be removed in time, leaving one or two strong seedlings to grow to 7 to 8 cm, choose a strong vine, and then remove the rest.
4.4 Topdressing
Since there is enough base fertilizer at the seedling stage, the growth of stems and leaves is small and there is usually no need for topdressing. In the vine stage, 8 to 10 kgo of urea is applied per 667 square meters, entering the peak period of tuber growth, which is a vigorous period when yam vines and tubers grow at the same time. Compound fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are also applied once every 667 square meters. This is the grouting stage of the yam tubers. The management focus is on preventing premature aging of the vine and improving the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves. Fertilization should be given according to growth. Usually, about 667 square meters is administered 10 kg of urea. The last topdressing should also be performed 40 to 50 days before the reward. In the mid to late stages, it can also be combined with disease prevention and pest control. Spraying a mixture of 1% urea plus 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10 days, once every 10 days, and 3 consecutive sprays, protects the leaves and prevents rot and increases yield. target.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >5 improve irrigation and drainage</h1>
The tubers and roots of the yam enter the soil deeper and are more drought tolerant, but the middle and late stages of growth are the vigorous growth period of the yam, and the summer is also in the high temperature season. Sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation is better to avoid flood irrigation. In case of heavy rain, it should be drained in time to prevent the yarn from sinking. The trap not only reduces yield, but also affects the quality of the yarn. Therefore, it must be ensured that bright water can be drained and that dark stains can be reduced.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >6 control pests and diseases</h1>
Yam diseases mainly include brown spots and anthrax. Brown spot disease mainly harms leaves. Spray 70% methyl tolbuzin or 75% bacitracin wettable powder at the beginning of the disease once every 10 days and twice in a row. Anthrax mainly harms leaves and vines. The control method is to implement crop rotation and remove the disease in time. Spray 50% methyl tolbuzin or 50% Fumei wettable powder at the beginning of the disease, sprayed every 10 days, 2 to 3 times continuously. The main pests are yam leaf bees, which mainly eat leaf flesh. In severe cases, it will eat the net-shaped leaves, which will lead to a decrease in yield. The control method is to spray pyrethroid pesticides.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > 7 harvest</h1>
The stems and leaves of the yam will frost. Usually, planed yams are harvested before the frost falls and freezes. If storage is required, it can be stored in the cellar for overwintering. The storage temperature is preferably 4 ~ 7 ° C. If the planing is not complete before freezing, it is also possible to cover the soil with plastic film and then cover the soil again to prevent frost.