Fu crisp honey jujube is a kind of early ripening high-quality jujube variety selected by the scientific research of fruit trees in Zaozhuang City. This variety has strong early fruit, stable yield, good fruit quality, good storage performance, high natural fruit set rate, simple management technology, and is suitable for large-scale promotion. The garden construction technology is summarized as follows for reference.
Mature trees have a large canopy and a relatively upright posture. As a result, the posture of the trees is slightly open and compact. The tree is 3 M tall and the canopy width is 3 rice, and the tree forms an elongated spindle shape, suitable for dense cultivation. The trunk is dark brown, the bark cracks are narrow and deep, and the bark is not easy to fall off. It develops a reddish-brown color with a white powdery waxy substance on its surface, which is one of the main hallmarks for identifying this variety and staining winter dates. Acupuncture for grafted seedlings is less, less or less, and acupuncture for root elk seedlings is more developed. The time and branching of unshaled dates are usually shorter, 4 to 8 knots smaller; Usually, the second bud that grows on top of the jujube is more developed10 and is not just a festival. The leaves are dark green, small, ovate lanceolate, flattened, leathery and hairless. A large number of flowers, each inflorescence grows 4 to 7 flowers, flower buds are light green, pentagonal, corolla diameter 6 it is about the size of the millimeter meter, and has a lot of pollen. The honey disc is light yellow when first opened.
The fruit is short cylindrical, longitudinal diameter 5 centimeter meter, horizontal diameter 3 centimeter meter, medium sized fruit, relatively neat, the average single fruit weight 10.0 ~ 19.7 grams, the maximum single fruit weight 29.0 G. The shoulders of the fruit are flat and the width is the same as the top of the fruit. Pits are small, shallow or medium-deep. The stem is shorter, about 3 wells The top of the fruit is wide and rounded, with slightly concave vertices. The surface of the fruit at the white ripening stage is green and white, with dense white fruit spots, and the soluble solids of the white ripening stage. More than 17%. Crispy ripe early fruit powder is white, bright red in the sun, delicate flesh, crisp and residue-free, fruit juice: more, soluble solid ingredient 29% vitamin C content 2392Mg / kg, high quality. When ripe, the fruit surface is purple-red, and the fruit surface is bright and clean, very beautiful. Large and medium core, oblong oval, weight 0.5 g, seeds 1 to 2 grains, edible rate 96. 5% o is more resistant to storage, shelf life at room temperature 7 to 10 days, -2 - 0T can be stored in the modified air warehouse for more than 30 days.
Higher germination rate, strong branching ability, rapid crown formation and vigorous growth of young jujube heads about 1.5 meters, bottom diameter of about 1.2 centimeters meter. The time buds are shorter than the ordinary jujube varieties, and the length of the times sprouts that sprout in this year is usually 15 to 20 centimeters, and after the jujube head is heartbroken, the second branch grows 30 meters longer than the centimeter meter. As a result, the female clade (date reserve) is smaller, cylindrical and up to 1.5-2. 0% meter, sustainable results for 6 to 8 years. 5 ~ 6 year bearings 1. 0 ~ 1. 4 centimeter meter, thickness 0. 5 to 0.8 centimeter meter, draw 3 to 5 strips of fruit, resulting in long branches 12-20 centimeter meter with 8 to 12 leaves. Self-flowering rate 0. 72% , natural fruit coagulation rate 1.01%, as a rule, no root medicine is used to propagate seedlings to establish a garden. 1 year old jujube seedling is used as rootstock grafting seedling. 1.2 ~ 2. 5M, ground diameter 1.0 -2. 2 centimeter meter. Planting 100% of the South Korean ginseng rootstock seedlings that bloomed that year, the factory produced 0. 13 kg, equivalent to mu yield of 28. 86 kg 2 ~ 4 years of plant production were 1.53, 5. 12,5.27 kg, equivalent to 339.66,1136.64,1169 per mu. 94 kg.
At the end of March in zaozhuang area of Shandong Province, the root system begins to move, sprouts all day on April 10, begins on May 22 at the beginning of the day, blooms flowers and fruits at the beginning of 6 months at the beginning of this month, 8 ripens in the middle of the month and matures at the end of August, the fruit development period is about 90 days, usually in the middle of the month, entering the ripening period and harvesting. The fruit is crispy and delicious. After the late harvest, the flesh is slightly softer and the taste is slightly worse. 12 autumn leaves at the beginning of each month.
First, the crisp honey dates ripen early, excellent quality, strong market competitiveness, the use of protected land to promote the cultivation of fruits can be matured in the first half of 7 month, the market development potential is huge, crisp dates have strong adaptability, drought resistance, barrenness and thick soil layer. Thin mountains above 40 centimeters can grow normally, high yield and stability. It is suitable for the establishment of ecological and economic forests in barren mountainous areas, which is in line with the current national arable land protection policy. The third is the natural fruit set rate of red dates. Typically, the fruiting period can be set normally without the need for ring peeling and other measures. Management measures are relatively simple and easily accepted by recent farmers. Suitable for planting in new date areas.
First, the growth of the branches in the second is small, the expansion of the crown width is slow, and it is necessary to strengthen the plucking of jujube heads at the young stage, control the height of the trees, promote the development of robust second branches, and improve the ability of the branches to bear fruit. Second, the young tree stage is healthy and strong, and the application of large fertilizer water before flowering is easy to cause growth and affect fruit set, and can be used for ridge planting, and fertilizer water can be banned before flowering, and the growth of nutrients before flowering is controlled, and the fruit set rate is increased, and fertilization water is increased after flowering to improve yield and fruit quality. Third, the resistance of this variety to jujube madness is general, and in the process of cultivation, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of insects, such as the Chinese pseudo-rhomboid leafhopper and the concave edge rhombus leafhopper, and promptly eradicate the disease-sensitive plants and control the spread and harm of jujube madness.
It is better to build a garden soil with sandy loam soil, hilly and mountainous land to choose leeward to the sun or half-sunny slope planting, low-lying land requires good drainage, no long-term water accumulation or high ridge planting. Mountainous land to build a garden row plant spacing to 3 meters x2 meters is appropriate, conditional places can also use 2.0 meters xl. 5 meters High density to build a garden; in the flat land to build a dense planting of jujube garden, row plant spacing with 3 meters x 2 meters, north-south direction. Seedlings should be selected from 2-year-old seedlings grafted with sour jujube fruit raw rootstock, with a root neck diameter of 30. 8 centimeter meter. It is best to soak the roots in water for about 10 hours before planting, which promotes the full absorption of water by the roots and seedlings and improves the survival rate. After planting, it is heavily truncated at the interface of the seedling frame 20 centimeters above the interface to promote the growth of new shoots, and then covered with black film in the tree tray or throughout the garden to keep warm and humidify, promote the rapid recovery of the root system of jujube seedlings, and also prevent weed growth.
It adopts an elongated spindle-shaped tree shape, and the specific molding method is as follows. After planting, the fixed height of 20 centimeters of the meter, after budding only retain the top of a jujube head upright growth, when its height of about 100 centimeters of the instrument to remove the top part of the 10 centimeters of the meter, to promote the middle and lower part of the second is the growth and development of the branches. The height of the tree at the end of the year is about 1. 2。
In the spring, the top of the times is removed to branch out to promote the budding of potential buds, thus forming a new upright and prosperous jujube head. A group of 2 hierarchical branches; from the ground to its second branch 60 centimeters above the selection of 3 well-distributed strong branches, and cutting off its front end each jujube tree can promote the germination of the jujube head, thus cultivating large fruit branches. The remaining Times-grade branches are slowly released, allowing them to flower and bear fruit, thereby slowing the growth of young trees and maintaining early economic yields. In summer, when the new jujube head grows from the top of the trunk about 100 centimeters, remove the top 10 centimeters of the meter to promote the development of the new jujube head in the middle and lower parts of the year; The large jujube group leader in the first group was plucked at 50 centimeters when he reached the head of the jujube to promote the flowering and development of the jujube strands in the back of the jujube group, laying the foundation for the flowering and fruiting of the following year. The height of the tree at the end of the year is about 2. 2 。
In the spring, determine whether you need to increase the height of the tree based on the planting density. The jujube garden with row spacing 3 meter x 2 meter can continue to increase the height of the tree according to the method of the second year, but the height of the newborn jujube head should be controlled within 60% of the meter for plucking, keeping the tree height at the end of the year at 2. 6 meters below; row spacing 2. 0 meter xl. 5 meter high-density jujube garden, in the spring, do not cut the branches of the top two times, and timely erase the jujube head of the latent bud germination in this part, and the height of the tree body is controlled at 2. 2 meters or less. Entering the summer, for the 2nd first and second budding years, select 2 to 3 strong branches to cut off the front 3 jujube inventory to promote the new jujube head, wait for its length to reach 40 centimeters when the heart is plucked, and cultivate the rear knot branch group.
The main pruning task is to strengthen pruning and control the height of the tree in the summer, erase or remove new dates in time during the flowering and young fruit stages, promote fruiting, and maintain a balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the tree. After the fruit has solidified, depending on the spatial distribution of the branches, some dates will be selected and grown. Pick the heart in time when the meter is about 50 centimeters, so as to increase the nutrient accumulation of the tree, improve the yield and fruit quality, and maintain the balance of the tree posture. When the tree is taller than required, immediately retract the head. Cross branches, upright branches, etc. that have no use value should be removed as soon as possible. When the fruiting ability of the fruit branch group is reduced, the appropriate developmental branches are selected from the base and re-cultivated, and the large fruiting branch group can also be re-shortened, and the germination of jujube heads can be stimulated to cultivate new fruit branches.
One is to eliminate the excess buds of jujubes during the germination period, avoid waste of nutrients, promote the growth and development of jujube hanging and flower organs, improve the growth and development of jujube stubble rate, and ensure the yield and quality of 1 batch of mature fruits. The second is to pluck the new jujube head before and after flowering, and then pluck the branches on the second day to inhibit excessive nutrient growth and promote fruit setting. Third, the canopy spray of 10 ~ 15 mg / L gibberellin during the peak flowering period can ensure stable fruit set. Spraying time 4-6 is best to use a flower. When you enter the date garden, you can also start spraying when you smell the smell of jujube flowers. 10:00-16:00 Period of high temperature and low humidity. The fourth is a conditional date garden. Bees must be released during flowering to increase the pollination rate of jujube flowers.
9 At the end of the month, the ditch is very deep 20 centimeters meter, each acre is sprinkled with bio-organic bacterial fertilizer 1 ton (or 500 kg per acre of ripe and fermented soybeans), potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50 kg, poured water and buried.
In the first month of March, after fully irrigating the fertilization ditch, the garden was covered with black covering. 6 From the middle of this month, use fertilizer gun 0.3% drip irrigation recrystallization fertilizer 5 Kilograms at the same time interval 7 to 10 days leaf spray 1 time 0.2% urea + 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
The whole tree shower spray 3 ~ 5 baume sulfur mixture before germination eliminates the source of winter diseases and pests. 5-7 per month 15 ~ 20 sky spray 1 times avermectin + kill larval insects, control of jujube mosquitoes, jujube walking curves, green blind dragonflies, red spiders and other harmful organisms. After 8 a month, spray Baxter or Antaisheng or the equivalent Bordeaux liquid for 2 to 4 times to prevent jujube rust, jujube anthrax and other diseases. After the leaves fall in the first half of the 12th month, the whole tree is sprayed with a mixture of 3 to 5 Baume sulfur to eliminate the root cause of the overwintering disease.