Tibetan antelope herd in Sanjiangyuan National Park. Photo by Zhao Xinlu/Guangming
Giant pandas playing in the Giant Panda National Park. Photo by Zhang Zhihe/Guangming Pictures
Siberian tigers within the Siberian Leopard National Park. Bright pictures
Scenery of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. Photo by Yu Weihui/Guangming Pictures
View of Wuyishan National Park. Photo by Ding Liqing/Guangming Pictures
Guard the "China Water Tower" to defend the magnificent Pure Land
Narrator: Wang Xiangguo, Secretary of the Party Committee and Director of the Sanjiangyuan National Park Administration
Sanjiangyuan National Park is located in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, including the source of the Yangtze River, the source of the Yellow River, and the source of the Lancang River. Walking into the world's highest altitude and China's largest national park, what is presented is a shocking natural picture - looking up at the majestic mountains, glacier canyons, overlooking many lakes, meadow wetlands, Tibetan wild donkeys, snow leopards and other wild animals.
In the past period, due to overgrazing and global climate change, the Grassland Ecological Degradation and Soil Erosion in the Sanjiangyuan Area were serious. In Maduo County, Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai, known as the "County of a Thousand Lakes," a large number of lakes are swallowed up by yellow sand and almost dry up. Today's gratifying changes in "old appearance for new face" are inseparable from the great efforts we have made for ecological restoration over the years.
Known as the "China Water Tower", Sanjiangyuan is an important replenishment place for Freshwater resources in China, a sensitive area and an important activation area for climate change in Asia, the Northern Hemisphere and even the world, as well as an important ecological security barrier and plateau biological germplasm resource bank in China. As early as 2005, the state approved the construction of the Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve. In March 2016, as the first national park system pilot in China, the pilot work of the Sanjiangyuan National Park system was officially launched.
Over the past five years of the pilot, we have actively fulfilled our responsibilities at the source and embarked on a path of national park system innovation that draws on international experience, conforms to China's national conditions, and has the characteristics of Sanjiangyuan.
In terms of management mechanism, we have explored a new management system with the management bureau as the leader, the management committee as the support, the protection station as the base point, and then radiating to the village, straightening out the relationship between natural resource ownership and administrative management from top to bottom, realizing the ecological environment, land and space control and unified law enforcement of natural resources in the pilot area, and effectively solving the problems of "Water Control in Kowloon" and fragmentation of supervision and law enforcement.
Allowing herders who have lived in the pilot area for generations to participate in the ecological management of the national park is a major highlight of the park's construction. At present, we have fully realized "one household and one post", 17,211 ecological stewards have taken up posts with certificates, the average annual income of households has increased by 21,600 yuan, and the enthusiasm of the masses to participate in ecological protection has been greatly improved. We have also established a grid system covering provinces, states, counties, townships and villages, which has promoted the improvement of local social governance capabilities.
During the two sessions of the National People's Congress this year, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed when participating in the deliberations of the Qinghai delegation to the Fourth Session of the 13th National People's Congress that Qinghai has great responsibilities for national ecological security and the sustainable development of the nation, and must undertake the major mission of maintaining ecological security, protecting the source of the Three Rivers and protecting the "China Water Tower", and is responsible for the country, the nation and future generations. We will take the construction of the national park as an opportunity to comprehensively strengthen the systematic protection and comprehensive restoration of the natural ecology of Sanjiangyuan, and protect this magnificent pure land with heart and affection.
Give the giant panda a vast and beautiful home
Narrator: Li Tianman, Director of the Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Sichuan Province and Director of the Sichuan Provincial Administration bureau of the Giant Panda National Park
The "national treasure" giant panda is a rare species unique to China and a "messenger of peace" for our exchanges with all countries in the world. Today, after long-term careful protection, the number of giant pandas in the wild in China has reached more than 1,800, and the level of threat has been reduced from endangered to vulnerable, which is very gratifying. Behind this, there is also a credit for the pilot work of the giant panda national park system.
For some time, the living space of wild giant pandas has become more and more fragmented, and their survival and reproduction have been greatly affected. The pilot project of the Giant Panda National Park system, launched in January 2017, aims to change this situation and achieve cross-regional unified protection.
The officially established Giant Panda National Park covers the dense areas of wild giant pandas in 9 cities (prefectures) and 23 counties (cities and districts) in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, and integrates 69 nature reserves of various types that originally belonged to different departments and different administrative regions, so that 13 relatively independent local populations of giant pandas are connected together, creating a more livable environment for giant pandas. Today, more than 70% of the country's wild giant pandas live in this area.
It is worth mentioning that there are also more than 8,000 kinds of wild animals and plants distributed here, including national key protected wild animals such as golden leopards and Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys, and rare plants such as yew trees and tung trees. Through the infrared camera, we recorded the scene of the giant pandas moving here.
Over the past few years, we have built rewilding training bases and rewilding and returning bases for giant pandas in national parks, carried out small population rejuvenation experiments, and strived to increase the number and stability of wild populations. We also try to encourage surrounding communities, enterprises, social organizations, experts, scholars, volunteers, etc. to participate in the construction of national parks by setting up ecological posts and hiring ecological rangers.
Strengthening the public service functions such as nature education and ecological experience in the Giant Panda National Park and creating a "multi-functional paradise" integrating scientific research, education and recreation are also our major goals. For example, the Panda Forest International Exploration School is located in the general control area of the Giant Panda National Park, which retains the original landform of the "Panda Homeland" and carries out a variety of activities with the theme of protecting giant pandas, so that children can learn more about biological knowledge and ecological value.
In the future, we will take the formal establishment of the Giant Panda National Park as a new starting point and actively promote various work: build better giant panda habitats and exchange corridors; scientifically plan patrol routes, lay monitoring points, and strengthen the integrated analysis and comprehensive application of monitoring data... We believe that the Giant Panda National Park will continue to bloom its charm and become a bright business card that China has passed on to the world.
Tigers and leopards roar in the mountains and forests, and the ecology is healthier
Narrator: Zhao Li, Secretary of the Party Group and Director of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park Administration
Monitoring data show that since the beginning of this year, the number of people in the Siberian Tiger and Leopard National Park and wild Siberian tigers has reached 17 times. People were pleasantly surprised to find that this endangered species was quietly breeding in the vast mountain forest. The presence of the tiger and leopard at the top of the food chain of the forest ecosystem is a sign of the healthy and orderly ecosystem. To protect the wild Siberian tiger and leopard, it is not only necessary to protect a single species, but also to protect the connected habitat, healthy vegetation structure and complete food chain. The Siberian Tiger and Leopard National Park shoulders such an important mission.
In 2017, the pilot system of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park was officially launched. Spanning Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, the park covers 14,065 square kilometers, covers 19 nature reserves, and has a forest coverage rate of 97.74%, which is a historical natural distribution area of Siberian tigers and Siberian leopards in China, and is also the only area with sedentary populations and breeding families of wild Siberian tigers and Siberian leopards.
Since the pilot construction was launched, we have established a central-local coordination work mechanism to explore and promote the overall protection and overall management of grass and sand in landscapes, forests, fields, lakes, and lakes. According to the latest data, the number of wild Siberian tigers and Siberian leopards here has increased from 27 and 42 at the beginning of the pilot to 50 and 60 respectively, and more than 10 newly bred young tigers and more than 7 leopard cubs have been monitored.
The tiger and leopard are full of vitality and benefit from the comprehensive strengthening of ecological protection. Over the past few years, we have built a grid guarantee system and insisted on carrying out full-coverage patrols, with the patrol mileage increasing by 24 times compared with before the pilot, and the hunting case encounter rate decreasing by 94.55%. We have carried out solid habitat restoration work, with a total area of nearly 43,000 hectares of ecological restoration. We have also formulated compensation measures for wildlife damage, adopted the "Internet + ecology" intelligent management model, and basically built a "space-earth-space integration" monitoring network system covering nearly 10,000 square kilometers, initially achieving the goal of "seeing tigers and leopards and controlling people".
In order to implement the consensus of the Chinese and Russian heads of state and carry out transnational conservation cooperation, we and the Russian Leopard Homeland National Park have formulated a three-year action plan to jointly carry out scientific research monitoring, forest ecological governance, ecological corridor construction and other work, opening up international routes for wildlife migration, expanding the habitat of tigers and leopards, and improving population stability.
The green rainforest contains all things, and the ecology is vigorous on Hainan Island
Narrator: Director of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration Golden City
Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is one of the 34 biodiversity hotspots in the world. Here, valuable tropical rainforest resources are densely distributed, and the world's "unique" Hainan gibbon lives.
Hainan fully supports the construction of the Tropical Rainforest National Park and includes it in the first batch of 12 pilot projects for Hainan to comprehensively deepen reform and opening up. This will inject a strong impetus into the development of Tropical Rainforest National Park.
We know that it is of great significance to protect this tropical rainforest – it will not only help build a green ecological barrier in Hainan, but also open up new ways to protect the authenticity and integrity of the tropical rainforest ecosystem.
As the flagship species of the Hainan tropical rainforest, the Hainan gibbon attracts a lot of attention. This Qiongdao "aboriginal" was once widely distributed in the tropical rainforest of Hainan Island, however, in modern times, with the rapid decline of tropical rainforests, the population of Hainan gibbons has also declined significantly, and by the end of the 1970s only 7 to 9 were in a critically endangered state. Fortunately, after several generations of relay protection for 40 years, at present, the population of Hainan gibbons has grown to 35 in 5 groups, becoming the only gibbon in the world's 20 species of gibbons to maintain a stable population and grow in population.
The area where the tropical rainforest in Hainan is concentrated is also the traditional habitat of the Li and Miao people. In order to systematically restore the tropical rainforest, we have established an ecological protection compensation mechanism and an ecological relocation plan, carried out ecological relocation in some villages in the core protected area, and actively solved the problems related to people's livelihood such as production and employment and living security of the relocated people. The construction of national parks will also benefit people's livelihood and make people feel the infinite vitality brought about by ecological priority and green development.
Looking to the future, we will seize the precious opportunity of national park construction to lay a solid foundation for the sustainable use of tropical rainforest resources and generations of inheritance, and at the same time, cultivate local characteristics of agriculture and forestry industries and ecological tourism, so that the lives of local people will be more prosperous and better.
The greenery reflects the blue water, and the tea fragrance fills the Danshan Mountain
Narrator: Chen Wei, deputy director of the Wuyishan National Park Administration
Wuyishan National Park integrates Fujian Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, Wuyishan National Scenic Area, JiuquxiGuang Barbed Catfish Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Area, National Forest Park and other types of protected areas, and is the only one in China that is not only a human and biosphere reserve, but also a world cultural and natural dual heritage protection area.
With 210.7 square kilometers of unspoiled native forest vegetation, this green national park is the most complete, typical and largest central subtropical forest ecosystem in the world at the same latitude. It is known as "bird paradise", "snake kingdom", "insect world", "world biological pattern specimen production area", and also has a Danxia landform landscape characterized by "Bishui Danshan", which is full of precious historical and cultural relics, known as "Min Bang Zou Lu" and "Daonan Li Grotto".
Once upon a time, the situation here was complicated: it was located in the southern collective forest area, with collective forests accounting for 66.6%; as the birthplace of the world's oolong tea and black tea, the phenomenon of illegal tea cultivation occurred from time to time. How can this be changed? Only the strictest ecological protection measures can be implemented. In 2017, Fujian integrated the wuyishan National Park Administration, which is vertically managed by the provincial government, and set up national park management stations and 6 law enforcement brigades in the 6 main townships (streets) involved. In order to enhance the protection, we have entrusted the management of ecological resources in some areas to a third party, introduced social services, and enriched the patrol force. At the same time, satellite remote sensing, GIS and other information technology means have been effectively used, forming a "tianluodi network" in key protected areas, guarding ecological resources all-weather and without dead ends.
How to turn green water and green mountains into golden mountains and silver mountains? The most scientific "conversion path" must be found. We have gradually explored a new management model - "using 10% of the development of the area in exchange for the protection of 90% of the more important areas", setting 11 compensation contents such as ecological public welfare forest protection compensation and commodity forest redemption, and realizing "social green, forest farmers profit". At the same time, we also issued opinions on the construction and management of ecological tea gardens, guided tea enterprises and tea farmers to build ecological tea gardens according to standards, and closed 625,000 mu of mountains and forests. Nowadays, Wuyishan's ecological tea industry, ecological tourism, Fumin bamboo industry, understory planting and other green industries are thriving, creating a new model of "relying on the mountains and enriching the people".
This magical and beautiful land has unlimited development prospects. We will continue to deepen the reform, so that the charm of Bishui Danshan will last forever, and the Wuyishan National Park will be wonderful and sustainable.
(Project Team: Reporters Zhang Sheng, Wang Simin, Wan Majia, Li Hui, Ren Shuang, Wang Xiaoying, Gao Jianjin, Zhang Lei, Li Xiaodong, Zhou Hongshuang)
Source: Guangming Daily